地震反射波与散射波波场分离方法初探
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摘要
与地震反射波相比,地震散射波具有更好的刻画地层细节特征的能力,为此开展了地震反射波和散射波波场分离方法的探索性研究。从理论上探讨了地震反射波和散射波之间的共性和差异,并根据热传导的相关理论,提出了采用基于热传导方程的扩散滤波方法进行地震反射波和散射波波场多尺度分离的思路和方法。以实际三维地震工区叠前偏移数据为例,开展了地震反射波和散射波的波场分离数值实验。结果表明:该方法可以相对地分离地震反射波和散射波能量,且能够分别反映出地层的宏观特征和微观特征,其中分离出的反射波剖面信噪比得到了明显提高,而散射波剖面信噪比较低,但却能够反映出地层的裂缝分布和非均匀地质体的边缘特征,可以更加有效地刻画掩盖在常规地震反射波能量之下的微观地层细节特征,对于实际地震资料数字处理具有重要的参考价值。
Compared with seismic reflection wave, the seismic scattered wave has better ability to descript the formation details, therefore, we carried out the exploratory study on the separation method of seismic scattered wave and reflection wave. The paper analyzed the wave field characteristic difference and similarity between the reflection wave and the scattered wave, and put forward a new idea and scheme based on the diffusion filter of thermal conductivity equation to achieve the multi-scale separation of the reflection wave energy and the scattered wave energy according to the basic thermal conductivity theory. Taking the pre-stack migration data of practical 3D seismic project as examples, this paper carried out wave field separation processing of the reflection wave and scattered wave. The result shows that the proposed method can relatively separate the reflection wave and scattered wave, and they can respectively reflect the macroscopic and microscopic features of formation. The computation results are accurate and reliable, in which the S/N of the scattered wave energy is relatively poor, but it can reflect the fracture and heterogeneous geologic body edge, and it is more effective to descript the microscopic detail features covered by conventional seismic reflection wave energy. Therefore, the proposed method can provide an important reference value for practical seismic data processing.
Compared with seismic reflection wave, the seismic scattered wave has better ability to descript the formation details, therefore, we carried out the exploratory study on the separation method of seismic scattered wave and reflection wave. The paper analyzed the wave field characteristic difference and similarity between the reflection wave and the scattered wave, and put forward a new idea and scheme based on the diffusion filter of thermal conductivity equation to achieve the multi-scale separation of the reflection wave energy and the scattered wave energy according to the basic thermal conductivity theory. Taking the pre-stack migration data of practical 3D seismic project as examples, this paper carried out wave field separation processing of the reflection wave and scattered wave. The result shows that the proposed method can relatively separate the reflection wave and scattered wave, and they can respectively reflect the macroscopic and microscopic features of formation. The computation results are accurate and reliable, in which the S/N of the scattered wave energy is relatively poor, but it can reflect the fracture and heterogeneous geologic body edge, and it is more effective to descript the microscopic detail features covered by conventional seismic reflection wave energy. Therefore, the proposed method can provide an important reference value for practical seismic data processing.
引文
[1]刘铁华.地震散射波理论与数值模拟[D].西安:长安大学,2010.
[2]尹军杰.散射波成像方法研究[D].北京:中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,2009.
[3]秦雪霏.地震波多次散射波场属性分析[D].长春:吉林大学,2007.
[4]陈可洋,刘洪林,杨微,等.随机介质模型的改进方法及应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2008,27(5):124-126.
[5]Tournat V,Pagneux V,Lafarge D,et al.Multiple scattering of acoustic waves and porous absorbing media[J].Physical Review,2004,70(2):1-10.
[6]吴如山,安艺敬一.地震波的散射与衰减[M].李裕澈,卢寿德,译.北京:地震出版社,1993:11-80.
[7]雷蕾,印兴耀,张厚淼.孔洞性介质地震散射波场正演模拟[J].特种油气藏,2011,18(3):64-67.
[8]Xander H C,Gerard C H,Everhard M.Suppressing near-receiver scattered waves from seismic land data[J].Geophysics,2006,71(4):121-128.
[9]贾豫葛,李小凡,张美根,等.地震波散射研究的若干重要进展[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):939-944.
[10]陈可洋.井间弹性波波场散射特征数值模拟分析[J].岩性油气藏,2011,23(3):91-96.
[11]Kasper V W.Analysis of strong scattering at the micro-scale[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,2004,115(3):1006-1011.
[12]陈可洋.三维随机建模方法及其波场模拟分析[J].勘探地球物理进展,2009,32(5):315-320.
[13]AlBinHassan N M,Luo Y,Al-Faraj M N.3D edge-preserving smooth-ing and applications[J].Geophysics,2006,71(4):5-11.
[14]Lavialle O,Pop S,Germain C,et al.Seismic fault preserving diffu-sion[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,2007,61(2):132-141.
[15]陈可洋,吴清岭,李来林,等.松辽盆地三维地震资料连片处理关键技术及其应用效果分析[J].岩性油气藏,2012,24(2):87-91.
[16]陈可洋.高精度地震纯波震源数值模拟[J].岩性油气藏,2012,24(1):84-91.
[17]陈可洋.双相各向同性介质弹性波高精度波场分离数值模拟方法[J].内陆地震,2011,25(3):215-228.
[18]陈可洋.倾斜界面绕射波时距曲线特征及其应用[J].中国科学院研究生院学报,2011,28(2):202-209.
[2]尹军杰.散射波成像方法研究[D].北京:中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,2009.
[3]秦雪霏.地震波多次散射波场属性分析[D].长春:吉林大学,2007.
[4]陈可洋,刘洪林,杨微,等.随机介质模型的改进方法及应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2008,27(5):124-126.
[5]Tournat V,Pagneux V,Lafarge D,et al.Multiple scattering of acoustic waves and porous absorbing media[J].Physical Review,2004,70(2):1-10.
[6]吴如山,安艺敬一.地震波的散射与衰减[M].李裕澈,卢寿德,译.北京:地震出版社,1993:11-80.
[7]雷蕾,印兴耀,张厚淼.孔洞性介质地震散射波场正演模拟[J].特种油气藏,2011,18(3):64-67.
[8]Xander H C,Gerard C H,Everhard M.Suppressing near-receiver scattered waves from seismic land data[J].Geophysics,2006,71(4):121-128.
[9]贾豫葛,李小凡,张美根,等.地震波散射研究的若干重要进展[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):939-944.
[10]陈可洋.井间弹性波波场散射特征数值模拟分析[J].岩性油气藏,2011,23(3):91-96.
[11]Kasper V W.Analysis of strong scattering at the micro-scale[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,2004,115(3):1006-1011.
[12]陈可洋.三维随机建模方法及其波场模拟分析[J].勘探地球物理进展,2009,32(5):315-320.
[13]AlBinHassan N M,Luo Y,Al-Faraj M N.3D edge-preserving smooth-ing and applications[J].Geophysics,2006,71(4):5-11.
[14]Lavialle O,Pop S,Germain C,et al.Seismic fault preserving diffu-sion[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,2007,61(2):132-141.
[15]陈可洋,吴清岭,李来林,等.松辽盆地三维地震资料连片处理关键技术及其应用效果分析[J].岩性油气藏,2012,24(2):87-91.
[16]陈可洋.高精度地震纯波震源数值模拟[J].岩性油气藏,2012,24(1):84-91.
[17]陈可洋.双相各向同性介质弹性波高精度波场分离数值模拟方法[J].内陆地震,2011,25(3):215-228.
[18]陈可洋.倾斜界面绕射波时距曲线特征及其应用[J].中国科学院研究生院学报,2011,28(2):202-209.
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