利用GPS观测分析青藏高原东缘应变特征
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摘要
根据青藏高原东缘2004~2007年的GPS观测资料,通过多面函数法建立青藏高原东缘地壳水平运动速度场模型,给出球面坐标系下的视应变场。对照该区同期发生的地震活动,讨论了水平运动、应变场空间分布与强震和区域构造变形的关系。结果表明,松潘块体东西向地壳缩短显著,川滇块体以左旋剪切变形和顺时针转动为主。地应变特征表明,2008年汶川地震前龙门山地区为面应变能次高值区,呈面压特性,应变快速积累,龙门山断裂带中段震前处于闭锁状态。鲜水河断裂带西段南北地壳呈北东-南西向挤压缩短,东段两侧呈北西-南东向压缩。川滇菱形块体为应变能和面应变率梯度高值区,金沙江西部的应变能次高值区与羌塘块体的构造应力作用有关。
The displacement model of surface horizontal motion is calculated by using a multi-surface function based on the GPS data from the eastern Tibetan plateau from 2004 to 2007,and the strain field on the spherical coordinates is given.Through comparison of earthquakes that occurred in the observation periods and the fault distribution in the area,the relationship among horizontal motion,strain space distribution,strong earthquakes and regional tectonic deformation is discussed.The results indicated that EW trending crustal shortening is remarkable in Songpan block and the deformation in Sichuan-Yunnan block is dominated by left-lateral shear and rotation.Furthermore,before the Wenchuan earthquake,the Longmenshan fault displayed a secondary high value of strain energy,the surface strain showed a pressure property,with the strain increasing rapidly,and the middle segment of the Longmenshan fault has been locked.The crustal zone in the western segment of the Xianshuihe fault shows NE-SE shortening and in the eastern segment the crustal displays NW-SE shortening.Sichuan-Yunan diamond block is an area with high value of strain energy and surface strain gradient,the western region of Jinshajiang is dominated by strong strain energy,which is associated with the tectonic stress of Qiangtang block.
引文
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