青藏高原地球科学研究中的核心问题与理念的厘定
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摘要
在青藏高原的地球科学研究中,国外科技界曾提出过六大论点——喜马拉雅山脉是地壳均衡的典范;青藏高原地壳乃是两个地壳的垂向重叠;雅鲁藏布江是印度洋板块和欧亚板块的缝合带;青藏高原西部的南北走向断裂带全为裂谷带;青藏高原腹地深部物质的向东逃逸;青藏高原下地壳物质通道流以及汶川MS8.0大地震的发生.这一系列论点确为国人广为引用与跟随,并发表了若干篇论著.然而在不断理解和深化研究的基点上提出了质疑,并基于新的认识提出了新的论点与论据,且在科学理念上给予了重新厘定.因为科学是为宇宙提供真正的写真.
In the earth science study of the Tibetan plateau,there were six main arguments in the foreign scientific circles.They are:the Himalayas is a paradigm of isostasy,the Tibetan plateau crust consists of two vertical superimposed crust;the Yarlung Zangbo river is the suture line between the Indian Ocean plate and Eurasian plate,all the north-south faults in the west of the Tibetan plateau are rift zones,deep material of the Tibetan plateau hinterland escapes to the east,there exists channel flow of the lower crust material in the Tibetan plateau which is related with the occurrence of the Wenchuan MS8.0earthquake.These series of arguments are widely quoted and followed by Chinese scientists,and several works have been published.However,with the deeper research and further understanding,these arguments should be doubted and re-determined on a scientific concept.New arguments must be put forward based on new cognitions,because science should provide a real picture for the universe.In light of observations,experiments and numerical simulation,six main geoscience arguments of the Tibetan plateau are comprehensively analyzed and re-determined on a scientific concept.The methods used in the study are varied,such as gravity observations and inversion,high-precision artificial source deep seismic sounding,natural source seismic long-period surface wave dispersion inversion,aeromagnetic anomaly measurement,physical experiment modeling,and mathematical simulation.New observations,new arguments and new cognitions allow us to make new collation and stipulation for the six main geosciences arguments of Tibetan plateau and create new theory and models.For example,the Himalayas is not a paradigm of isostasy;the Qinghai—Tibetan plateau crust is extremely thick butdoes not consists of two vertical superimposed crust;the collision of the Indian Ocean and Eurasian plate causes the separation,regulation,movement and coupling responses of deep and shallow material interaction,which form a broad transition zone of collision and compression rather than a simple boundary line like the Yarlung Zangbo river;deep material of the Tibetan plateau hinterland not only escapes to the east but also migrates to the west;the north-south faults in the west of the Tibetan plateau are not rift zones,instead tensional fault zones;the lower crust material in the Tibetan plateau cannot flow,because there are no boundary conditions for flow,matched crust and mantle structures and material property.Based on the ideological recognition for the six main geoscience arguments of the Tibetan plateau,we should realize that Earth science research must quickly get rid of the phenomenon on the basis of the ground derivation or the qualitative inference and fantasy description of surface processes,and consult the response of the deep and shallow material migration behaviors and paths,and make the transition to a half quantitative and quantitative gradually.Earth science research must start from the definition,and be guided by mathematical and physical concepts,in succession on the basis of rational questions,and make the deep process as the leading factor,the data as the foundation,and in the pursuit of scientific truth.The understanding of the earth′s ontology should be deepened.Because any geological model or concept must be built on the crust-mantle material dynamic exchange and mechanics of the physics,chemistry,material and energy,and the kinematic and dynamic models must be established by the physics,mathematics and the combination with geology,interaction between deep and shallow subsurface,and the combined static and dynamic processes.
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