中国陆域地震灾害的时空分布格局
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摘要
通过对近60年来中国陆域地震灾害信息的搜集与整理,建立了1949—2009年中国陆域地震灾害信息数据库,编制了中国5.0级以上地震灾害图谱库。在此基础上,从不同时空尺度定量分析了近60年来中国地震灾害的时空分布格局。研究表明:①近60年来中国累计发生5.0级以上地震灾害1 679次,年代际变化显著,70年代是中国地震灾害发生频次最高的时期;②中国地震灾害年际变化具有明显活跃和平静交替的周期性,幅度较大,其中,1950年、1966年、1976年、1988年、2008年为地震发生的活跃期;③中国地震灾害空间分异格局显著,60年来西部地区地震灾害达1 547次,占全国的92.14%,是中国地震灾害的高发区域;④中国分省地震灾害差异明显,其中西藏、新疆、云南、四川和青海等省(区)是中国地震灾害的主要发生省份;⑤近60年来中国地震灾害震中分布重心均位于青海省(90°~99°E,33°~36°N),迁移幅度较小。
This paper comprehensively analyzed the temporal and spatial distribution pattern of earthquake disaster in Mainland China over sixty years from various time and space scales.Based on the investigation of 1679 records of earthquakes with Ms above 5.0 within China from 1949 to 2009,earthquake disaster database of Mainland China has been created,and a series of geographic maps of earthquake disaster have also been compiled.The results show that decadal variation has notable fluctuations,and the Seventies of last century is the period when earthquake disasters happened most frequently.Annual variation is obviously periodically alternating between the active and quiet,and 1950,1966,1976,1988 and 2008 are the active years in the meanwhile.To the spatial distribution of earthquakes,the difference between East and West China is very clear.Among those sixty years,the earthquake disasters happened 1 547 times in the western part of China,which takes 92.14% of the total number.In addition,the differences among provinces are also eminents.The earthquakes mainly happened in Tibet,Xinjiang,Yunnan,Sichuan and Qinghai provinces.The epicenters of earthquakes with Ms above 5.0 in each decade all locate in Qinghai province in the region with longitude of 90~99°E and latitude of 33°~36° N,which indicates that migration rates of the epicenters are small.
This paper comprehensively analyzed the temporal and spatial distribution pattern of earthquake disaster in Mainland China over sixty years from various time and space scales.Based on the investigation of 1679 records of earthquakes with Ms above 5.0 within China from 1949 to 2009,earthquake disaster database of Mainland China has been created,and a series of geographic maps of earthquake disaster have also been compiled.The results show that decadal variation has notable fluctuations,and the Seventies of last century is the period when earthquake disasters happened most frequently.Annual variation is obviously periodically alternating between the active and quiet,and 1950,1966,1976,1988 and 2008 are the active years in the meanwhile.To the spatial distribution of earthquakes,the difference between East and West China is very clear.Among those sixty years,the earthquake disasters happened 1 547 times in the western part of China,which takes 92.14% of the total number.In addition,the differences among provinces are also eminents.The earthquakes mainly happened in Tibet,Xinjiang,Yunnan,Sichuan and Qinghai provinces.The epicenters of earthquakes with Ms above 5.0 in each decade all locate in Qinghai province in the region with longitude of 90~99°E and latitude of 33°~36° N,which indicates that migration rates of the epicenters are small.
引文
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[15]Wang Li,Xu Wei,Wang Jing′ai.The spatio-temporal pattern ofhistorical earthquake disaster in China[J].Journal of BeijingNormal University(Natural Science),2003,(4):544-550.[王理,徐伟,王静爱.中国历史地震活动时空分异[J].北京师范大学学报:自然科学版,2003,(4):544-550.]
[2]Sun Wenbin,Zheng Hui,He Yueshi.Distribution characteristicson the strong earthquake in China and around area[J].Seismolog-ical Research ofNortheast China,2008,(3):1-8.[孙文斌,郑辉,和跃时.中国大陆及其邻近地区7级以上强震分布特征[J].东北地震研究,2008,(3):1-8.]
[3]Disaster ranking over 25 years[J].Journal ofNatural Disaster,1993,(4):101-102.[25年来(1966—1990)世界灾害之最[J].自然灾害学报,1993,(4):101-102.]
[4]Ren Zhenhuan,Luo Zhennuan,Qin Naigang.Restudy on the bas-ic characteristics of seismicity and general situation for south Chinaseismic zone[J].South China Journal ofSeismology,1998,(1):40-49.[任镇寰,罗振暖,秦乃岗.华南地震区地震活动基本特征与地震大形势再研究[J].华南地震,1998,(1):40-49.]
[5]Zhang Zhizhong,Pan Hua,Wang Jian,et al.Research on histori-cal earthquakes in the eastern Guangdong[J].Earthquake Researchin China,2008,(3):278-287.[张志中,潘华,王健,等.粤东地区的历史地震研究[J].中国地震,2008,(3):278-287.]
[6]Wang Ying,Shi Peijun,Wang Jing′ai.The housing loss assess-ment of rural villages caused by earthquake disaster in Yunnanprovince[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2005,(5):551-560.[王瑛,史培军,王静爱.云南省农村乡镇地震灾害房屋损失评估[J].地震学报,2005,(5):551-560.]
[7]Yu Huanju,Xie Chuanjie,Li Yunling,et al.Study of buildingthe seismic spatial data warehouse of north China[J].Geo-Infor-mation Science,2006,(3):88-93.[于焕菊,谢传节,李云岭,等.中国华北地区地震空间数据仓库的构建与分析[J].地球信息科学,2006,(3):88-93.]
[8]Li Jiye,Hu Binsheng.Recent analysis on spatial grid characteris-tics of Medi-strong earthquake in heilongjiang subplate[J].Devel-opments in World Seismology,2009,(4):78-79.[李继业,胡滨生.黑龙江亚板块中强地震空间网格化特征分析[J].国际地震动态,2009,(4):78-79.]
[9]Kagan Y Y.Statistical distributions of earthquake numbers:Con-sequence of branching process[J].Geophysical Journal Interna-tional,2010,180(3):1 313-1 328.]
[10]Darooneh AH,Dadashinia C.Analysis of the spatial and tempo-ral distributions between successive earthquakes:Nonextensivestatistical mechanics viewpoint[J].Physica A,2008,387(14):3 647-3 654.]
[11]Su Ying,Wang Mei.The study of Shanxi earthquakes since 2001[J].Journal ofXianyang Normal University,2009,(6):69-72.[苏英,王梅.近10年来陕西省地震时空分布特征[J].咸阳师范学院学报,2009,(6):69-72.]
[12]Su Ying,Liu Xiao.Temporal and spatial distribution characteris-tics of earthquake in sichuan and its surrounding areas from2001-2007[J].Journal ofAnhui Agricultural Sciences,2009,(35):17 575-17 577,17 578.[苏英,刘晓.2001—2007年四川及周边地区地震时空分布特征[J].安徽农业科学,2009,(35):17 575-17 577,17 578.]
[13]Zhou Changshan,Zhou Huijuan,Li Ruyou.Guangxi earthquakespatial-temporal pattern in history period(from288 to1949)[J].Journal ofGuangxi Normal University(PhilosophyandSocial Sci-ences Edition),2009,(2):110-115.[周长山,周会娟,李如友.历史时期广西地震的时空分布(288—1949)[J].广西师范大学学报:哲学社会科学版,2009,(2):110-115.]
[14]Liu Kai,Liao Shunbao,Zhang Sai.Spatial distribution of earth-quake frequency and seismic intensity in China[J].Progress inGeography,2008,(3):13-18.[刘凯,廖顺宝,张赛.中国地震发生频率与烈度的空间分布[J].地理科学进展,2008,(3):13-18.]
[15]Wang Li,Xu Wei,Wang Jing′ai.The spatio-temporal pattern ofhistorical earthquake disaster in China[J].Journal of BeijingNormal University(Natural Science),2003,(4):544-550.[王理,徐伟,王静爱.中国历史地震活动时空分异[J].北京师范大学学报:自然科学版,2003,(4):544-550.]
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