地震波叠前逆时偏移脉冲响应研究与应用
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摘要
为了更好地应用地震波叠前逆时偏移成像技术,开展了逆时偏移脉冲响应研究。从有偏移距层状介质模型的脉冲响应出发,首先探讨了常规相关法逆时成像条件低频逆时噪声的成因机理,分析了上、下行波分离逆时成像条件在低频噪声压制中的优势,对比了两种逆时成像条件在偏移速度平滑条件下的脉冲响应特征;同时分析了不同偏移网格参数、速度分布等情况下地震波数值频散对逆时偏移脉冲响应精度的影响。计算结果表明,地震波波场延拓过程中相对波阻抗差界面的上行反射波场是逆时背景噪声的主要成因;速度平滑能够有效降低低频背景噪声,但以牺牲成像位置准确性为代价;地震波数值频散是影响逆时成像精度的一个重要因素,逆时偏移参数的选择必须严格依据数值频散关系。与此同时,还通过模型验证了逆时偏移中震源和检波点位置具有可互换性,为共检波点道集的逆时偏移处理提供了方法指导。通过逆时偏移参数的优选,在实际陆上地震资料叠前逆时偏移中取得了较好的成像效果。
In order to better apply the seismic wave prestack reverse-time migration technology,we studied the impulse response of reverse-time migration.Starting from the impulse response of layered media model with offset,firstly,we discuss the genesis of low-frequency reverse-time noise of the conventional correlation reverse-time imaging conditions,analyze the advantages of the reverse-time migration conditions in up-going and down-going wavefield separation for suppressing low-frequency noise,and compare the impulse responses in the above two reverse-time migration conditions with smoothed migration velocity.Then,we analyze the influence of seismic wave numerical dispersion on the accuracy of the reverse-time migration impulse response under the conditions of different migration grid parameters and velocity distribution.The computational results show that the reverse-time background noise is mainly caused by the up-going reflection wavefield corresponding to the relative wave impedance difference interface during wavefield continuation.Velocity smooth can effectively reduce low-frequency background noise while decrease the accuracy of imaging.Seismic wave numerical dispersion is one of the important factors affecting the accuracy of reverse-time migration,and the selection of reserve-time migration parameters must be extremely obey the numerical dispersion relationship.Meanwhile,model testing proves the interchangeability of source and receiving point in reserve-time migration,which provides method guide for reserve-time migration.By optimizing reserve-time migration parameters,application on actual land data obtains good imaging result.
In order to better apply the seismic wave prestack reverse-time migration technology,we studied the impulse response of reverse-time migration.Starting from the impulse response of layered media model with offset,firstly,we discuss the genesis of low-frequency reverse-time noise of the conventional correlation reverse-time imaging conditions,analyze the advantages of the reverse-time migration conditions in up-going and down-going wavefield separation for suppressing low-frequency noise,and compare the impulse responses in the above two reverse-time migration conditions with smoothed migration velocity.Then,we analyze the influence of seismic wave numerical dispersion on the accuracy of the reverse-time migration impulse response under the conditions of different migration grid parameters and velocity distribution.The computational results show that the reverse-time background noise is mainly caused by the up-going reflection wavefield corresponding to the relative wave impedance difference interface during wavefield continuation.Velocity smooth can effectively reduce low-frequency background noise while decrease the accuracy of imaging.Seismic wave numerical dispersion is one of the important factors affecting the accuracy of reverse-time migration,and the selection of reserve-time migration parameters must be extremely obey the numerical dispersion relationship.Meanwhile,model testing proves the interchangeability of source and receiving point in reserve-time migration,which provides method guide for reserve-time migration.By optimizing reserve-time migration parameters,application on actual land data obtains good imaging result.
引文
[1]陈可洋.高阶弹性波波动方程正演模拟及逆时偏移成像研究[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2009Chen K Y.High-order elastic wave equation forwardmodeling and reverse-time migration[D].Daqing:Daqing Petroleum Institute,2009
[2]陈可洋.地震波逆时偏移方法研究综述[J].勘探地球物理进展,2010,33(3):153-159Chen K Y.Reviews on seismic wave reverse-timemigration methods[J].Progress in Exploration Geo-physics,2010,33(3):153-159
[3]陈可洋.基于高阶有限差分的波动方程叠前逆时偏移方法[J].石油物探,2009,48(5):475-478Chen K Y.Wave equation pre-stack reverse-time mi-gration scheme based on high-order finite-difference[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2009,48(5):475-478
[4]陈可洋.两类共炮点域相关型叠前深度成像方法[J].内陆地震,2012,26(1):17-27Chen K Y.Two kinds of correlation type pre-stackdepth migration methods in common shot domain[J].Inland Earthquake,2012,26(1):17-27
[5]陈可洋.正演子波响应特征及逆时成像分析[J].石油物探,2011,50(5):455-462Chen K Y.Seismic wavelet response characteristicand reverse-time migration analysis[J].GeophysicalProspecting for Petroleum,2011,50(5):455-462
[6]陈可洋.两种叠前逆时成像条件的比较[J].油气藏评价与开发,2011,1(4):6-11Chen K Y.Comparison with two kinds of pre-stackreverse-time migration condition[J].Reservoir Eval-uation and Development,2011,1(4):6-11
[7]陈可洋.高精度纯波震源数值模拟[J].岩性油气藏,2012,24(1):84-91Chen K Y.High accuracy seismic pure wave sourcenumerical simulation[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2012,24(1):84-91
[8]陈可洋.地震波数值模拟中优化的通量校正传输方法[J].内陆地震,2012,26(2):169-179Chen K Y.An optimized flux-corrected transportscheme in the seismic wave numerical simulation[J].Inland Earthquake,2012,26(2):169-179
[9]陈可洋.地震波旅行时计算方法及其模型试验分析[J].石油物探,2010,49(2):153-157Chen K Y.Seismic wave travel-time computationalmethod and its model experiment analysis[J].Geo-physical Prospecting for Petroleum,2010,49(2):153-157
[10]陈可洋.时限时移相关法叠前逆时成像条件及其应用[J].石油物探,2011,50(1):22-26Chen K Y.Time-limited time-shift correlation pre-stack reverse-time image condition and its applica-tion[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2010,50(1):22-26
[11]陈可洋.地震波数值模拟中差分阶数的边界效应[J].高原地震,2011,23(1):20-23Chen K Y.Difference order’s boundary effect of theseismic wave numerical simulation[J].PlateauEarthquake Research,2011,23(1):20-23
[12]刘红伟,李博,刘洪,等.地震叠前逆时偏移高阶有限差分算法及GPU实现[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(7):1725-1733Liu H W,Li B,Liu H,et al.The algorithm of highorder finite difference pre-stack reverse time migra-tion and GPU implementation[J].Chinese Journal ofGeophysics,2010,53(7):1725-1733
[13]Yoon K,Marfurt K J.Reverse-time migration usingthe poynting vector[J].Exploration Geophysics,2006,37(1):102-107
[14]Antoine G,Bruno K,Biondo B.Least square attenua-
[16]Zhang Y,James S.Practical issues of reverse timemigration:true amplitude gathers,noise removal andharmonic source encoding[C].CPS/SEG Beijing2009International Geophysical Cofference&Expo-sition,2009:5
[17]刘红伟,刘洪,邹振.地震叠前逆时偏移中的去噪与存储[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(9):2171-2180Liu H W,Liu H,Zou Z,et al.The problems of de-noise and storage in seismic reverse time migration[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2010,53(9):2171-2180
[18]杨仁虎,常旭,刘伊克.叠前逆时偏移影响因素分析[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(8):1902-1913Yang R H,Chang X,Liu Y K.The influence factorsanalyses of imaging precision in pre-stack reversetime migration[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2010,53(8):1902-1913
[19]陈可洋.基于拉普拉斯算子的叠前逆时噪声压制方法[J].岩性油气藏,2011,23(5):87-95Chen K Y.Pre-stack reverse-time noise suppressingmethod based on Laplacian operator[J].LithologicReservoirs,2011,23(5):87-95
[20]康玮,程玖兵.叠前逆时偏移假象去除方法[J].地球物理学进展,2012,27(3):1163-1172Kang W,Cheng J B.Methods of suppressing arti-facts in prestack reverse time migration[J].Progressin Geophysics,2012,27(3):1163-1172
[21]陈康,吴国忱.逆时偏移拉普拉斯算子滤波改进算法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(2):249-255Chen K,Wu G C.An improved filter algorithmbased on Laplace operator in reverse-time migration[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(2):249-255
[22]陈可洋.标量声波波动方程高阶交错网格有限差分法[J].中国海上油气,2009,21(4):232-236Chen K Y.High-order staggered-grid finite differ-ence scheme for scalar acoustic wave equation[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2009,21(4):232-236
[23]陈可洋.地震波数值模拟中差分近似的各向异性分析[J].石油物探,2010,49(1):19-22Chen K Y.Anisotropic analysis of difference approx-imation in seismic wave numerical modeling[J].Geo-physical Prospecting for Petroleum,2010,49(1):19-22
[24]陈可洋.完全匹配层吸收边界条件研究[J].石油物探,2010,49(5):472-477Chen K Y.Study on perfectly matched layer absorb-ing boundary condition[J].Geophysical Prospectingfor Petroleum,2010,49(5):472-477
[25]陈可洋.边界吸收中镶边法的评价[J].中国科学院研究生院学报,2010,27(2):170-175Chen K Y.Evaluation on the bordering method ofthe absorbing boundary condition[J].Journal of theGraduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sci-ences,2010,27(2):170-175
[26]陈可洋.网格剖分及其精度和计算量分析[J].内陆地震,2011,25(1):12-20Chen K Y.Mesh Generation and its accuracy andcomputational amount analysis[J].Inland Earth-quake,2010,25(1):12-20
[27]陈可洋.数值模拟的尺度调节机理[J].内陆地震,2011,25(4):321-328Chen K Y.Scale adjusting mechanism on numericalsimulation[J].Inland Earthquake,2011,25(4):321-328
[2]陈可洋.地震波逆时偏移方法研究综述[J].勘探地球物理进展,2010,33(3):153-159Chen K Y.Reviews on seismic wave reverse-timemigration methods[J].Progress in Exploration Geo-physics,2010,33(3):153-159
[3]陈可洋.基于高阶有限差分的波动方程叠前逆时偏移方法[J].石油物探,2009,48(5):475-478Chen K Y.Wave equation pre-stack reverse-time mi-gration scheme based on high-order finite-difference[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2009,48(5):475-478
[4]陈可洋.两类共炮点域相关型叠前深度成像方法[J].内陆地震,2012,26(1):17-27Chen K Y.Two kinds of correlation type pre-stackdepth migration methods in common shot domain[J].Inland Earthquake,2012,26(1):17-27
[5]陈可洋.正演子波响应特征及逆时成像分析[J].石油物探,2011,50(5):455-462Chen K Y.Seismic wavelet response characteristicand reverse-time migration analysis[J].GeophysicalProspecting for Petroleum,2011,50(5):455-462
[6]陈可洋.两种叠前逆时成像条件的比较[J].油气藏评价与开发,2011,1(4):6-11Chen K Y.Comparison with two kinds of pre-stackreverse-time migration condition[J].Reservoir Eval-uation and Development,2011,1(4):6-11
[7]陈可洋.高精度纯波震源数值模拟[J].岩性油气藏,2012,24(1):84-91Chen K Y.High accuracy seismic pure wave sourcenumerical simulation[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2012,24(1):84-91
[8]陈可洋.地震波数值模拟中优化的通量校正传输方法[J].内陆地震,2012,26(2):169-179Chen K Y.An optimized flux-corrected transportscheme in the seismic wave numerical simulation[J].Inland Earthquake,2012,26(2):169-179
[9]陈可洋.地震波旅行时计算方法及其模型试验分析[J].石油物探,2010,49(2):153-157Chen K Y.Seismic wave travel-time computationalmethod and its model experiment analysis[J].Geo-physical Prospecting for Petroleum,2010,49(2):153-157
[10]陈可洋.时限时移相关法叠前逆时成像条件及其应用[J].石油物探,2011,50(1):22-26Chen K Y.Time-limited time-shift correlation pre-stack reverse-time image condition and its applica-tion[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2010,50(1):22-26
[11]陈可洋.地震波数值模拟中差分阶数的边界效应[J].高原地震,2011,23(1):20-23Chen K Y.Difference order’s boundary effect of theseismic wave numerical simulation[J].PlateauEarthquake Research,2011,23(1):20-23
[12]刘红伟,李博,刘洪,等.地震叠前逆时偏移高阶有限差分算法及GPU实现[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(7):1725-1733Liu H W,Li B,Liu H,et al.The algorithm of highorder finite difference pre-stack reverse time migra-tion and GPU implementation[J].Chinese Journal ofGeophysics,2010,53(7):1725-1733
[13]Yoon K,Marfurt K J.Reverse-time migration usingthe poynting vector[J].Exploration Geophysics,2006,37(1):102-107
[14]Antoine G,Bruno K,Biondo B.Least square attenua-
[16]Zhang Y,James S.Practical issues of reverse timemigration:true amplitude gathers,noise removal andharmonic source encoding[C].CPS/SEG Beijing2009International Geophysical Cofference&Expo-sition,2009:5
[17]刘红伟,刘洪,邹振.地震叠前逆时偏移中的去噪与存储[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(9):2171-2180Liu H W,Liu H,Zou Z,et al.The problems of de-noise and storage in seismic reverse time migration[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2010,53(9):2171-2180
[18]杨仁虎,常旭,刘伊克.叠前逆时偏移影响因素分析[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(8):1902-1913Yang R H,Chang X,Liu Y K.The influence factorsanalyses of imaging precision in pre-stack reversetime migration[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2010,53(8):1902-1913
[19]陈可洋.基于拉普拉斯算子的叠前逆时噪声压制方法[J].岩性油气藏,2011,23(5):87-95Chen K Y.Pre-stack reverse-time noise suppressingmethod based on Laplacian operator[J].LithologicReservoirs,2011,23(5):87-95
[20]康玮,程玖兵.叠前逆时偏移假象去除方法[J].地球物理学进展,2012,27(3):1163-1172Kang W,Cheng J B.Methods of suppressing arti-facts in prestack reverse time migration[J].Progressin Geophysics,2012,27(3):1163-1172
[21]陈康,吴国忱.逆时偏移拉普拉斯算子滤波改进算法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(2):249-255Chen K,Wu G C.An improved filter algorithmbased on Laplace operator in reverse-time migration[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(2):249-255
[22]陈可洋.标量声波波动方程高阶交错网格有限差分法[J].中国海上油气,2009,21(4):232-236Chen K Y.High-order staggered-grid finite differ-ence scheme for scalar acoustic wave equation[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2009,21(4):232-236
[23]陈可洋.地震波数值模拟中差分近似的各向异性分析[J].石油物探,2010,49(1):19-22Chen K Y.Anisotropic analysis of difference approx-imation in seismic wave numerical modeling[J].Geo-physical Prospecting for Petroleum,2010,49(1):19-22
[24]陈可洋.完全匹配层吸收边界条件研究[J].石油物探,2010,49(5):472-477Chen K Y.Study on perfectly matched layer absorb-ing boundary condition[J].Geophysical Prospectingfor Petroleum,2010,49(5):472-477
[25]陈可洋.边界吸收中镶边法的评价[J].中国科学院研究生院学报,2010,27(2):170-175Chen K Y.Evaluation on the bordering method ofthe absorbing boundary condition[J].Journal of theGraduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sci-ences,2010,27(2):170-175
[26]陈可洋.网格剖分及其精度和计算量分析[J].内陆地震,2011,25(1):12-20Chen K Y.Mesh Generation and its accuracy andcomputational amount analysis[J].Inland Earth-quake,2010,25(1):12-20
[27]陈可洋.数值模拟的尺度调节机理[J].内陆地震,2011,25(4):321-328Chen K Y.Scale adjusting mechanism on numericalsimulation[J].Inland Earthquake,2011,25(4):321-328
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