光纤布拉格光栅地震检波器的实验研究
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摘要
光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)是一种新型的传感元件,具有分辨率高、精度高、抗电磁干扰能力强、频带宽等优点.本文以光纤布拉格光栅为敏感元件,设计并制作了一种地震检波器,建立了地震检波器的力学模型,并推导出地震检波器固有频率和灵敏度的理论公式.理论分析了影响地震检波器动态特性的因素,并进行实验对该FBG地震检波器的性能进行研究,实验结果表明:该FBG地震检波器在5～55Hz的振动频率范围内,具有良好的线性响应,而且输出稳定、灵敏度高,适用于地震勘探.
Fiber Bragg grating(FBG) is a new type sensor,it has high resolution,wide bandwidth,high accuracy and fine immunity to electromagnetic interference.A novel geophone based on FBG is designed and produced in this paper.The mechanic model of the FBG geophone is established,the important parameters such as natural frequency and acceleration sensitivity of the FBG geophone are deduced.Through theoretical analysis,some factors which affect dynamic characteristics of the FBG geophone are found,and performance of the FBG geophone is studied by experiment.The experimental results show that the FBG geophone has the advantages of good linear response,stable output and high sensitivity at 5Hz to 55 Hz,and can be used for seismic prospecting.
Fiber Bragg grating(FBG) is a new type sensor,it has high resolution,wide bandwidth,high accuracy and fine immunity to electromagnetic interference.A novel geophone based on FBG is designed and produced in this paper.The mechanic model of the FBG geophone is established,the important parameters such as natural frequency and acceleration sensitivity of the FBG geophone are deduced.Through theoretical analysis,some factors which affect dynamic characteristics of the FBG geophone are found,and performance of the FBG geophone is studied by experiment.The experimental results show that the FBG geophone has the advantages of good linear response,stable output and high sensitivity at 5Hz to 55 Hz,and can be used for seismic prospecting.
引文
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[9]Haronian D.A low-cost micromechanical accelerometer withintegrated solid-state sensor.Sensors and Actuators,2000,84(1-2):149-155.
[10]Goldberg H,Gannon J,Marsh J.An extremely low-noisemicromachined accelerometer with custom ASIC circuitrysource.Sensors(Peterborough,NH),2001,18(5):52-56.
[11]刘育梁,何俊,王永杰等.光纤地震波探测的研究进展.激光与光电子学进展,2009,(11):21-27.Liu Y L,He J,Wang Y J,et al.Progress of seismic wavedetection by Fiber-optic sensors.Laser&OptoelectronicsProgress(in Chinese),2009,(11):21-27.
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[13]乔学光,丁峰,贾振安等.基于光源滤波的高精度光纤光栅地震检波解调系统.光学学报,2010,30(8):2219-2223.Qiao X G,Ding F,Jia Z A,et al.High precision optical fiberBragg grating demodulation system based on the sourcefiltering for seismic detection.Acta Optica Sinica(inChinese),2010,30(8):2219-2223.
[14]Ferraro P,Natale G D.On the possible use of optical fiberBragg gratings as strain sensors for geodynamical monitoring.Optics and Lasers in Engineering,2002,37:115-130.
[15]付建伟,肖立志,张元中等.油气井永久性光纤Bragg光栅传感监测系统安装设计.地球物理学进展,2008,23(1):257-262.Chen H F,Xiao L Z,Zhang YZ,et al.Oil and gas wellpermanent FBG sensing monitoring system installationdesign.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(1):257-262.
[16]梁磊周雪芳.新型光纤Bragg光栅地震检波器的研究.承德石油高等专科学校学报,2003,5(1):4-7.Lang L,Zhou X F.Research on the new type of the fiberBragg grating geophone.Journal of Chengde PetroleumCollege(in Chinese),2003,5(1):4-7.
[17]邵敏,乔学光,傅海威等.光纤传感技术在地震勘探中的应用研究.地球物理学进展,2011,26(1):342-348.Shao M,Qiao X G,Fu H W,et al.Applications of fiber opticalsensing in seismic exploration.Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2011,26(1):342-348.
[18]王大兴,辛可锋,李幼铭等.地层条件下砂岩含水饱和度对波速及衰减影响的实验研究.地球物理学报,2006,49(3):908-914.Wang D X,Xin K F,Li Y M,et al.An experimental study ofinfluence of water saturation on velocityandattenuation in sands tone under stratum conditions.Chinese J.Geophys.,2006,49(3):908-914.
[19]Schmidt H C,Borm G,Amberg F.Bragg grating seismicmonitoring system.Proc Photonics East 1999,Fiber OpticalSensor Technology and Applications,SPIE,1999,3(6):417-424.
[20]宁靖,吕公河,吴学兵等.布拉格光栅检波器在地震勘探中的应用前景.勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(6):440-443.Ning J,Lv G H,Wu X B,et al.Recent developments of fiberBragg grating geophone in petroleum exploration.Progress inExploration Geophysics(in Chinese),2004,27(6):440-443.
[21]张燕君,陈才和,郝永杰等.双光路迈克尔逊加速度检波器.传感技术学报,2005,18(3):680-684.Zhang Y J,Chen C H,Hao Y J,et al.Michelson dual-opticroutes geophone.Chinese Journal of Sensors and Actuators(in Chinese),2005,18(3):680-684.
[22]Morey W W,Meltz G,Glenn W H.Fiber optic Bragg gratingsensors.SPIE,1989,1169:98-107.
[23]Kersey A D,Davis M A,Patrick H J,et al.Fiber gratingsensors.J.Lightwave Technol.,1997,15(8):1442-1463.
[24]饶云江,王义平,朱涛.光纤光栅原理及应用.北京:科学出版社,2006.Rao Y J,Wang Y P,Zhu T.Principles and Applications ofFiber Grating(in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,2006.
[25]刘兆琪.涡流地震检波器的特性及测试方法的研究.地球物理学报,1989,32(5):559-568.Liu Z Q.Research on the characteristics and test method of aneddy geophone.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1989,32(5):559-568.
[26]李学成,刘肃,张文涛等.双膜片结构光纤光栅地震检波器低频特性的研究.光电子?激光,2010,21(4):529-532.Li X C,Liu S,Zhang W T,et al.Study on low-frequencycharacteristic of double-diaphragm fiber Bragg gratinggeophone.Journal of Optoelectronics?Laser(in Chinese),2010,21(4):529-532.
[27]刘钦朋,乔学光,赵建林等.双光栅π相位差温度不敏感加速度传感技术研究.中国激光,2011,38(2):0205006-1-0205006-6.Liu Q P,Qiao X G,Zhao J L,et al.Temperature insensitiveacceleration sensing technology based on phase of double fiberBragg gratings.Chinese J.Lasers(in Chinese),2011,38(2):0205006-1-0205006-6.
[2]付小宁,李西安.地震检波器阻尼随温度变化的研究.传感器技术,2004,23(6):41-43.Fu X N,Li X A.Study on geophones’damping variation withtemperature.Journal of Transducer Technology(in Chinese),2004,23(6):41-43.
[3]马超,乔学光,贾振安等.光纤Bragg光栅地震检波器的研究.光通信研究,2007,33(5):53-55.Ma C,Qiao X G,Jia Z A,et al.Research of fiber Bragg gratinggeophone.Study on Optical Communication(in Chinese),2007,33(5):53-55.
[4]Zhang Y,Yin Z F,Chen B Q,et al.A novel fiber Bragg gratingbased seismic geophone for oil/gas prospecting.SPIE,2005,5765:1112-1120.
[5]张向林,陶果,刘新茹.油气地球物理勘探技术进展.地球物理学进展,2006,21(1):143-151.Zhang X L,Tao G,Liu X R.Progress in oil geophysicalexploration.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(1):143-151.
[6]刘光林,刘泰生,高中录等.地震检波器的发展方向.勘探地球物理进展,2003,26(3):178-185.Liu G L,Liu T S,Gao Z L,et al.On the development trend ofseismic geophones.Progress in Exploration Geophysics(inChinese),2003,26(3):178-185.
[7]丁桂兰,刘振富,陈才和等.三分量全光纤加速度地震检波器的设计.光电子与激光,2002,13(1):50-52.Ding G L,Liu Z F,Chen C H,et al.The design of three-component all-fiberoptic acceleration seismometer.Journal ofOptoelectronics and Laser(in Chinese),2002,13(1):50-52.
[8]高华,李淑清,南忠良等.光栅地震检波器的研究.航空精密制造技术,2003,39(1):40-42.Gao H,Li S Q,Nan Z L,et al.Study of grating geophone.Aviation Precision Manufacturing Technology(in Chinese),2003,39(1):40-42.
[9]Haronian D.A low-cost micromechanical accelerometer withintegrated solid-state sensor.Sensors and Actuators,2000,84(1-2):149-155.
[10]Goldberg H,Gannon J,Marsh J.An extremely low-noisemicromachined accelerometer with custom ASIC circuitrysource.Sensors(Peterborough,NH),2001,18(5):52-56.
[11]刘育梁,何俊,王永杰等.光纤地震波探测的研究进展.激光与光电子学进展,2009,(11):21-27.Liu Y L,He J,Wang Y J,et al.Progress of seismic wavedetection by Fiber-optic sensors.Laser&OptoelectronicsProgress(in Chinese),2009,(11):21-27.
[12]马超,乔学光,贾振安等.光纤布拉格光栅地震检波器的研究与应用.地球物理学进展,2008,23(2):622-626.Ma C,Qiao X G,Jia Z A,et al.Research and application offiber Bragg grating geophone.Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2008,23(2):622-626.
[13]乔学光,丁峰,贾振安等.基于光源滤波的高精度光纤光栅地震检波解调系统.光学学报,2010,30(8):2219-2223.Qiao X G,Ding F,Jia Z A,et al.High precision optical fiberBragg grating demodulation system based on the sourcefiltering for seismic detection.Acta Optica Sinica(inChinese),2010,30(8):2219-2223.
[14]Ferraro P,Natale G D.On the possible use of optical fiberBragg gratings as strain sensors for geodynamical monitoring.Optics and Lasers in Engineering,2002,37:115-130.
[15]付建伟,肖立志,张元中等.油气井永久性光纤Bragg光栅传感监测系统安装设计.地球物理学进展,2008,23(1):257-262.Chen H F,Xiao L Z,Zhang YZ,et al.Oil and gas wellpermanent FBG sensing monitoring system installationdesign.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(1):257-262.
[16]梁磊周雪芳.新型光纤Bragg光栅地震检波器的研究.承德石油高等专科学校学报,2003,5(1):4-7.Lang L,Zhou X F.Research on the new type of the fiberBragg grating geophone.Journal of Chengde PetroleumCollege(in Chinese),2003,5(1):4-7.
[17]邵敏,乔学光,傅海威等.光纤传感技术在地震勘探中的应用研究.地球物理学进展,2011,26(1):342-348.Shao M,Qiao X G,Fu H W,et al.Applications of fiber opticalsensing in seismic exploration.Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2011,26(1):342-348.
[18]王大兴,辛可锋,李幼铭等.地层条件下砂岩含水饱和度对波速及衰减影响的实验研究.地球物理学报,2006,49(3):908-914.Wang D X,Xin K F,Li Y M,et al.An experimental study ofinfluence of water saturation on velocityandattenuation in sands tone under stratum conditions.Chinese J.Geophys.,2006,49(3):908-914.
[19]Schmidt H C,Borm G,Amberg F.Bragg grating seismicmonitoring system.Proc Photonics East 1999,Fiber OpticalSensor Technology and Applications,SPIE,1999,3(6):417-424.
[20]宁靖,吕公河,吴学兵等.布拉格光栅检波器在地震勘探中的应用前景.勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(6):440-443.Ning J,Lv G H,Wu X B,et al.Recent developments of fiberBragg grating geophone in petroleum exploration.Progress inExploration Geophysics(in Chinese),2004,27(6):440-443.
[21]张燕君,陈才和,郝永杰等.双光路迈克尔逊加速度检波器.传感技术学报,2005,18(3):680-684.Zhang Y J,Chen C H,Hao Y J,et al.Michelson dual-opticroutes geophone.Chinese Journal of Sensors and Actuators(in Chinese),2005,18(3):680-684.
[22]Morey W W,Meltz G,Glenn W H.Fiber optic Bragg gratingsensors.SPIE,1989,1169:98-107.
[23]Kersey A D,Davis M A,Patrick H J,et al.Fiber gratingsensors.J.Lightwave Technol.,1997,15(8):1442-1463.
[24]饶云江,王义平,朱涛.光纤光栅原理及应用.北京:科学出版社,2006.Rao Y J,Wang Y P,Zhu T.Principles and Applications ofFiber Grating(in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,2006.
[25]刘兆琪.涡流地震检波器的特性及测试方法的研究.地球物理学报,1989,32(5):559-568.Liu Z Q.Research on the characteristics and test method of aneddy geophone.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1989,32(5):559-568.
[26]李学成,刘肃,张文涛等.双膜片结构光纤光栅地震检波器低频特性的研究.光电子?激光,2010,21(4):529-532.Li X C,Liu S,Zhang W T,et al.Study on low-frequencycharacteristic of double-diaphragm fiber Bragg gratinggeophone.Journal of Optoelectronics?Laser(in Chinese),2010,21(4):529-532.
[27]刘钦朋,乔学光,赵建林等.双光栅π相位差温度不敏感加速度传感技术研究.中国激光,2011,38(2):0205006-1-0205006-6.Liu Q P,Qiao X G,Zhao J L,et al.Temperature insensitiveacceleration sensing technology based on phase of double fiberBragg gratings.Chinese J.Lasers(in Chinese),2011,38(2):0205006-1-0205006-6.
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