复杂近地表速度广义近似反演方法研究
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摘要
针对复杂近地表地震波旅行时层析成像的数据特征,设计和推导了基于广义逆的近似算法,避开了大型矩阵的求解问题,提出了复杂近地表速度广义近似反演方法。这种广义近似反演方法是一种考虑了复杂地表区地震记录旅行时拾取误差的层析成像方法,能够获得较稳定的近地表速度模型。根据旅行时误差与速度模型误差的关系,给出了误差传递方程,可应用于反演精度的控制。将广义近似层析反演方法应用于南方海相碳酸盐岩复杂地表区实际地震资料,用炮检距小于2 500m的旅行时数据反演出了射线分布与近地表速度模型。针对无约束广义近似层析反演结果存在的射线分布不均衡问题,提出了4种约束方法,获得了较好的射线覆盖,反演出的速度分布清晰地展示出近地表地层结构。用3 200m/s作为门槛值划分出低、降速带后,将约束广义近似层析反演的速度模型用于地震资料静校正,消除了复杂近地表对反射波旅行时的影响,得到了理想的反射波同相轴形态。
Aiming at the data characteristics of the seismic wave traveltime tomography imaging for complex nearsurface structures,the approximate algorithm based on generalized inverse was designed and deduced.Meanwhile,ageneralized approximate inversion method was put forward to avoid the problem of solving a large matrix.The generalized approximate inversion is a kind of tomography method which considers the picking error of traveltime on seismic records for complex near-surface structures and can obtain relatively stable near-surface velocity model.In terms of the relationship between the error of traveltime and velocity model,the error propagation equation is given,which is expected to control the inversion accuracy.The generalized approximate tomography inversion method is applied to the seismic data from the southern marine carbonate area with complex surface conditions;the traveltime data(offset smaller than 2500m)is used to invert the distribution of seismic ray and near-surface velocity model.For uneven distribution of seismic ray in unconstrained inversion,four constraint methods are proposed to get a better ray coverage.The inverted velocity model shows clear near-surface structure.By setting 3 200m/s as threshold for classifying low-velocity layer and normal-velocity layer,statics are calculated and applied on seismic records.This eliminates the impact of complex near-surface conditions on reflection traveltime and restores hyperbolic characteristic of reflection events.
Aiming at the data characteristics of the seismic wave traveltime tomography imaging for complex nearsurface structures,the approximate algorithm based on generalized inverse was designed and deduced.Meanwhile,ageneralized approximate inversion method was put forward to avoid the problem of solving a large matrix.The generalized approximate inversion is a kind of tomography method which considers the picking error of traveltime on seismic records for complex near-surface structures and can obtain relatively stable near-surface velocity model.In terms of the relationship between the error of traveltime and velocity model,the error propagation equation is given,which is expected to control the inversion accuracy.The generalized approximate tomography inversion method is applied to the seismic data from the southern marine carbonate area with complex surface conditions;the traveltime data(offset smaller than 2500m)is used to invert the distribution of seismic ray and near-surface velocity model.For uneven distribution of seismic ray in unconstrained inversion,four constraint methods are proposed to get a better ray coverage.The inverted velocity model shows clear near-surface structure.By setting 3 200m/s as threshold for classifying low-velocity layer and normal-velocity layer,statics are calculated and applied on seismic records.This eliminates the impact of complex near-surface conditions on reflection traveltime and restores hyperbolic characteristic of reflection events.
引文
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[21]Zhang K,Li Z C,Zeng T S,et al.Tomographic velocity inversion for ADCIGs in areas with a rugged surface[J].Applied Geophysics,2012,9(3):313-318
[22]张兵,徐兆涛,王华忠,等.山前带地震数据共成像点道集层析速度反演建模方法研究[J].石油物探,2012,51(6):590-597Zhang B,Xu Z T,Wang H Z,et al.Common imaging gathers tomography velocity inversion and model building in foothill area[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2012,51(6):590-597
[23]董良国,郭晓玲,吴晓丰,等.起伏地表弹性波传播有限差分法数值模拟[J].天然气工业,2007,27(10):38-41Dong L G,Guo X L,Wu X F,et al.Finite difference numerical simulation for the elastic wave propagation in rugged topography[J].Natural Gas Industry,2007,27(10):38-41
[24]Helgason S.The Radon transform[M].2nd ed.USA:Birkhauser Boston Inc,1999:1-200
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[2]Bording R P,Gersztenkorn A,Lines L R,et al.Applications of seismic travel-time tomography[J].Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society,1987,90(2):285-303
[3]Gelbke C,Miranda F,Sattel G.Results of a seismic transmission tomography survey at the Grimsel Rock Laboratory[J].Log Analysist,1989,30(4):243-260
[4]张建中,丁兴号.一种2.5维井间透射波层析成像方法[J].声学学报,2007,32(1):91-96Zhang J Z,Ding X H.An approach to 2.5-D crosswell seismic transmission tomography[J].Acta Acustica,2007,32(1):91-96
[5]Zhou C,Crawley S,Whitmore D,et al.Seismic reflection tomography with 3D RTM angle gathers[EB/OL].(2013-06-10)[2013-12-30].http:∥earthdoc.eage.org/publication/publicationdetails/?publication=69508
[6]Stork C.Reflection tomography in the postmigrated domain[J].Geophysics,1992,57(5):680-692
[7]井西利,杨长春,王世清.一种改进的地震反射层析成像方法[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(6):1831-1836Jing X L,Yang C C,Wang S Q.A improved seismic reflection tomographic method[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2007,50(6):1831-1836
[8]Brzostowski M A,McMechan G A.3-D tomographic imaging of near-surface seismic velocity and attenuation[J].Geophysics,1992,57(3):396-403
[9]Mari J L O,Mendes M.3D Near surface imaging thanks to refraction tomography and delay method[EB/OL].(2010-06-14)[2013-12-30].http:∥www.earthdoc.org/publication/publicationdetails/?publication=39624
[10]Afanasiev M,Pratt R G,Kamei R,et al.Crosshole Tomography,Waveform Inversion and Anisotropy-A Combined Approach Making Use of Simulated Annealing[EB/OL].(2012-06-04)[2013-12-30].http:∥www.earthdoc.org/publication/publicationdetails/?publication=59614
[11]左建军,林松辉,孔庆丰,等.井间地震直达波和反射波联合层析成像及应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(2):226-231Zuo J J,Lin S H,Kong Q F,et al.Crosswell seismic direct wave and reflected wave joint tomographic imaging and Application[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2011,46(2):226-231
[12]瞿辰,杨文采,于常青.高分辨率过井地震层析成像的级联算法及其应用[J].物探与化探,2010,34(6):814-820Huo C,Yang W C,Yu C Q.High resolution over the cascade algorithm well seismic tomography and its application[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2010,34(6):814-820
[13]李培明,闫智慧,郭明杰,等.联合应用初至和浅层反射的二维可形变层析静校正[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(5):647-654Li P M,Yan Z H,Guo M J.The combined application of first break and shallow reflection of 2D deformable tomographic static correction[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(5):647-654
[14]张树林,朱介寿,贺振华.井间地震和逆VSP联合层析成像[J].石油地球物理勘探,1993,28(5):577-583Zhang S L,Zhu J S,He Z H.Joint tomography of interborehole seismic data and inverse VSP data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1993,28(5):577-583
[15]Meléndez A,Korenaga J,Sallarǒs V,et al.TOMO3D-A new 3-d joint refraction and reflection travel-time tomography code for active-source seismic data[EB/OL].(2013-06-04)[2013-12-30].http:∥www.researchgate.net/publication/258621526_tomo3d_a_new_3-D_joint_refraction_and_reflection_travel-time_tomography_code_for_active-source_seismic_data
[16]Noble M,Thierry P,Taillandier C,et al.High-performance 3Dfirst-arrival traveltime tomography[J].The Leading Edge,2010,29(1):86-93
[17]Li S,Fomel S,Vladimirsky A.Prestack first-break traveltime tomography using the double-square-root eikonal equation[J].Expanded Abstracts of 82nd Annual Internat SEG Mtg,2012,1-6
[18]袁刚,冯心远,蒋波,等.约束层析反演及其在地震速度计算中的应用[J].石油物探,2013,52(1):55-59Yuan G,Feng X Y,Jiang B,et al.Constrained tomography inversion and its application in seismic velocity computation[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2013,52(1):55-59
[19]Smithyman B,Pratt R G,Hayles J,et al.Detecting near-surface objects with seismic waveform tomography[J].Geophysics,2009,74(6):WCC119-WCC127
[20]Sheng J,Leeds A,Buddensiek M,et al.Early arrival waveform tomography on near-surface refraction data[J].Geophysics,2006,71(4):U47-U57
[21]Zhang K,Li Z C,Zeng T S,et al.Tomographic velocity inversion for ADCIGs in areas with a rugged surface[J].Applied Geophysics,2012,9(3):313-318
[22]张兵,徐兆涛,王华忠,等.山前带地震数据共成像点道集层析速度反演建模方法研究[J].石油物探,2012,51(6):590-597Zhang B,Xu Z T,Wang H Z,et al.Common imaging gathers tomography velocity inversion and model building in foothill area[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2012,51(6):590-597
[23]董良国,郭晓玲,吴晓丰,等.起伏地表弹性波传播有限差分法数值模拟[J].天然气工业,2007,27(10):38-41Dong L G,Guo X L,Wu X F,et al.Finite difference numerical simulation for the elastic wave propagation in rugged topography[J].Natural Gas Industry,2007,27(10):38-41
[24]Helgason S.The Radon transform[M].2nd ed.USA:Birkhauser Boston Inc,1999:1-200
[26]Fitzgibbon A,Pilu M,Fisher R B.Direct least square fitting of ellipses[J].Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,IEEE Transactions on,1999,21(5):476-480
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