基于粒子群优化的双力偶模型振幅谱反演方法及应用
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摘要
发展了一种基于全波形振幅谱的频率域双力偶震源机制反演方法.通过理论振幅谱与观测振幅谱的拟合搜寻断层面参数,基于粒子群优化算法可以在较短的时间内得到稳定可靠的解.数值试验表明,在定位误差较大,以及台站布局较差的情况下,振幅谱反演仍可较为准确地得到震源机制,并且由此计算得到的最优震源深度仍比较接近真实的震源位置.使用该方法用2010年5月17日渤海ML4.0地震的震源机制进行了检验,结果与加权P波初动解非常一致.应用该方法对山东半岛及近海地区2003—2010年14次ML≥4.0地震震源机制进行了估计.
An inversion method is proposed to best fit the observation in frequency domain with synthetic amplitude spectra of full waveform in seismic source mechanism studies.Grid search is performed for finding fault parameters by correlating theoretical spectra with observations.Employing particle swarm optimization algorithm,stable and reliable solutions can be obtained in shorter time.Numerical test shows that,in the case of large location error and worse station coverage,the inversion can result in the solutions close to the given true focal mechanism,and the focal depth near the real focus.The method has been applied to processing local and regional recordings of the 17 May 2010 ML4.0 earthquake in Bohai Sea region.The result is in agreement with that obtained from P wave polarity analysis.We also estimated focal mechanism solutions of 14 ML≥4.0 earthquakes in Shandong peninsula and its adjacent sea area from 2003 to 2010.
An inversion method is proposed to best fit the observation in frequency domain with synthetic amplitude spectra of full waveform in seismic source mechanism studies.Grid search is performed for finding fault parameters by correlating theoretical spectra with observations.Employing particle swarm optimization algorithm,stable and reliable solutions can be obtained in shorter time.Numerical test shows that,in the case of large location error and worse station coverage,the inversion can result in the solutions close to the given true focal mechanism,and the focal depth near the real focus.The method has been applied to processing local and regional recordings of the 17 May 2010 ML4.0 earthquake in Bohai Sea region.The result is in agreement with that obtained from P wave polarity analysis.We also estimated focal mechanism solutions of 14 ML≥4.0 earthquakes in Shandong peninsula and its adjacent sea area from 2003 to 2010.
引文
卞爱飞,於文辉,周华伟.2010.频率域全波形反演方法研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,25(3):982--993.
吴大铭,王培德,陈运泰.1989.用SH波和P波振幅比确定震源机制解[J].地震学报,11(3):275--281.
吴忠良,陈运泰.1994.近震源宽频带记录的地震矩张量反演[J].地震学报,16(2):141--152.
许力生,陈运泰.1997.震源深度误差对矩张量反演的影响[J].地震学报,19(5):462--470.
许力生,陈运泰.2002.震源时间函数与震源破裂过程[J].地震地磁观测与研究,23(6):1--8.
许力生,蒋长胜,陈运泰,李春来,张天中.2007.2004年首都圈地区中小地震的矩张量反演[J].地震学报,29(3):229--239.
杨文采.2002.非线性地球物理反演方法:回顾与展望[J].地球物理学进展,27(2):255--261.
郑建常,陈运泰.2012.稀疏台网反演区域地震偏量矩张量解的稳定性[J].地震学报,34(1):31--43.
周荣茂,陈运泰.1999.由矩张量反演得到的北部湾地震的震源机制[J].地震学报,21(6):561--569.
Beck L S,Patton H J.1991.Inversion of regional surface wave spectra for source parameters of aftershock from the Loma-Prieta earthquake[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,81(5):1726--1736.
Bouchon M.1981.A simple method to calculate Green’s functions for elastic layered media[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,71(4):959--971.
Cesca S,Buforn E,Dahm T.2006.Amplitude spectra moment tensor inversion of shallow earthquakes in Spain[J].Geophys J Int,166(2):839--854.
Cesca S,Heimann S,Dahm T.2010.Rapid directivity detection by azimuthal amplitude spectra inversion[J].J Seismol,15(1):147--164.
Cotton F,Campillo M.1995.Frequency domain inversion of strong motions:Application to the1992Landers earthquake[J].J Geophys Res,100(B3):3961--3975.
Dreger D S,Helmberger D V.1993.Determination of source parameters at regional distances with three-componentsparse network data[J].J Geophys Res,98(B5):8107--8125.
Dufumier H,Trampert J.1997.Contribution of seismic tomography in moment-tensor inversions using teleseismic surface-wave spectra[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,87(1):114--122.
Ford S R,Dreger D S,Walter W R.2010.Network sensitivity solutions for regional moment tensor inversions[J].BullSeism Soc Amer,100(5A):1962--1970.
Godano M,Regnier M,Deschamps A,Bardainne T,Gaucher E.2009.Focal mechanisms from sparse observations bynonlinear inversion of amplitude:Method and tests on synthetic and real data[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,99(4):2243--2264.
Hassan R,Cohanim B,de Weck O.2005.A comparison of particle swarm optimization and the generic algorithm[C]∥Proceedings of the46th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures,Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference.Austin,Texas:AIAA:1--13.
Hernandez B,Cotton F,Campillo M.1999.Contribution of radar interferometry to a two-step inversion of the kinematicprocess of the1992Landers earthquake[J].J Geophys Res,104(B6):13083--13099.
Kagan Y Y.1991.3-D rotation of double-couple earthquake sources[J].Geophys J Int,106(3):709--716.
Kanamori H,Given J W.1981.Use of long-period surface waves for rapid determination of earthquake source parameters[J].Phys Earth Planet Interi,27(1):8--31.
Kanamori H,Given J W.1982.Use of long-period surface waves for rapid determination of earthquake source parameters2:Preliminary determination of source mechanisms of large earthquakes(MS≥6.5)in1980[J].Phys Earth PlanetInteri,30(2--3):260--268.
Kennedy J,Eberhart R.1995.Particle swarm optimization[C]∥Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference onNeural Networks.Perth,Australia:IEEE:1942--1945.
Kobayashi R,Nakanishi I.1994.Application of genetic algorithms to focal mechanism determination[J].Geophys ResLett,21(8):729--732.
Lashak A B,Zare M,Mortezanejad G,Bayranvand S P.2010.Moment tensor inversion of nine events in Iran using INSN data[J].J Seismol,14(4):751--760.
Mendiguren J.1977.Inversion of surface wave data in source mechanism studies[J].Geophys Res Lett,82(5):889--894.
Nakano M,Kumagai H,Inoue H.2008.Waveform inversion in the frequency domain for the simultaneous determinationof earthquake source mechanism and moment function[J].Geophys J Int,173(3):1000--1011.
Pasyanos M E,Dreger D S,Romanowicz B.1996.Toward real-time estimation of regional moment tensors[J].BullSeism Soc Amer,86(5):1255--1269.
Patton H J,Zandt G.1991.Seismic moment tensors of western U S earthquakes and implication for the tectonic stressfield[J].J Geophys Res,96(B11):18245--18259.
Romanowicz B A.1982.Moment tensor inversion of long period Rayleigh waves:A new approach[J].J Geophys Res,87(B7):5395--5407.
Sambridge M,Drijkoningen G.1992.Genertic algorithms in seismic waveform inversion[J].Geophys J Int,109(2):323--342.
Sasatani T.1997.Source characteristics of the1994Hokkaido Toho-Oki earthquake deduced from wide band strong motion records[J].Jour Fac Sci Hokkaido Univ,Ser VII(Geophysics),10(2):269--293.
íleny`J,Pseneik I.1995.Mechanisms of local earthquakes in3-D inhomogeneous media determined by waveform inversion[J].Geophys J Int,121(2):459--474.
íleny`J.1998.Earthquake source parameters and their confidence regions by agenetic algorithm with a‘memory’[J].Geophys J Int,134(1):228--242.
Thio H K,Kanamori H.1995.Moment tensor inversions for local earthquakes using surface waves recorded at TERRAscope[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,85(4):1021--1038.
Wu Y M,Zhao L,Chang C H,Hsu Y J.2008.Focal mechanism determination in Taiwan by genetic algorithm[J].BullSeism Soc Amer,98(2):651--661.
Yang F,Zhang C,Sun T.2008.Comparison of particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm for HMM training[C]∥19th International Conference on Pattern Recognition.New York:IEEE,2008:1--4.
Zahradník J,Jansky J,Paptsimpa K.2001.Focal mechanism of weak earthquakes from amplitude spectra and polarities[J].Pure Appl Geophys,158(4):647--665.
Zhou R,Tajima F,Stoffa P L.1995.Earthquake source parameter determination using genetic algorithms[J].GeophysRes Lett,22(4):517--520.
吴大铭,王培德,陈运泰.1989.用SH波和P波振幅比确定震源机制解[J].地震学报,11(3):275--281.
吴忠良,陈运泰.1994.近震源宽频带记录的地震矩张量反演[J].地震学报,16(2):141--152.
许力生,陈运泰.1997.震源深度误差对矩张量反演的影响[J].地震学报,19(5):462--470.
许力生,陈运泰.2002.震源时间函数与震源破裂过程[J].地震地磁观测与研究,23(6):1--8.
许力生,蒋长胜,陈运泰,李春来,张天中.2007.2004年首都圈地区中小地震的矩张量反演[J].地震学报,29(3):229--239.
杨文采.2002.非线性地球物理反演方法:回顾与展望[J].地球物理学进展,27(2):255--261.
郑建常,陈运泰.2012.稀疏台网反演区域地震偏量矩张量解的稳定性[J].地震学报,34(1):31--43.
周荣茂,陈运泰.1999.由矩张量反演得到的北部湾地震的震源机制[J].地震学报,21(6):561--569.
Beck L S,Patton H J.1991.Inversion of regional surface wave spectra for source parameters of aftershock from the Loma-Prieta earthquake[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,81(5):1726--1736.
Bouchon M.1981.A simple method to calculate Green’s functions for elastic layered media[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,71(4):959--971.
Cesca S,Buforn E,Dahm T.2006.Amplitude spectra moment tensor inversion of shallow earthquakes in Spain[J].Geophys J Int,166(2):839--854.
Cesca S,Heimann S,Dahm T.2010.Rapid directivity detection by azimuthal amplitude spectra inversion[J].J Seismol,15(1):147--164.
Cotton F,Campillo M.1995.Frequency domain inversion of strong motions:Application to the1992Landers earthquake[J].J Geophys Res,100(B3):3961--3975.
Dreger D S,Helmberger D V.1993.Determination of source parameters at regional distances with three-componentsparse network data[J].J Geophys Res,98(B5):8107--8125.
Dufumier H,Trampert J.1997.Contribution of seismic tomography in moment-tensor inversions using teleseismic surface-wave spectra[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,87(1):114--122.
Ford S R,Dreger D S,Walter W R.2010.Network sensitivity solutions for regional moment tensor inversions[J].BullSeism Soc Amer,100(5A):1962--1970.
Godano M,Regnier M,Deschamps A,Bardainne T,Gaucher E.2009.Focal mechanisms from sparse observations bynonlinear inversion of amplitude:Method and tests on synthetic and real data[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,99(4):2243--2264.
Hassan R,Cohanim B,de Weck O.2005.A comparison of particle swarm optimization and the generic algorithm[C]∥Proceedings of the46th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures,Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference.Austin,Texas:AIAA:1--13.
Hernandez B,Cotton F,Campillo M.1999.Contribution of radar interferometry to a two-step inversion of the kinematicprocess of the1992Landers earthquake[J].J Geophys Res,104(B6):13083--13099.
Kagan Y Y.1991.3-D rotation of double-couple earthquake sources[J].Geophys J Int,106(3):709--716.
Kanamori H,Given J W.1981.Use of long-period surface waves for rapid determination of earthquake source parameters[J].Phys Earth Planet Interi,27(1):8--31.
Kanamori H,Given J W.1982.Use of long-period surface waves for rapid determination of earthquake source parameters2:Preliminary determination of source mechanisms of large earthquakes(MS≥6.5)in1980[J].Phys Earth PlanetInteri,30(2--3):260--268.
Kennedy J,Eberhart R.1995.Particle swarm optimization[C]∥Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference onNeural Networks.Perth,Australia:IEEE:1942--1945.
Kobayashi R,Nakanishi I.1994.Application of genetic algorithms to focal mechanism determination[J].Geophys ResLett,21(8):729--732.
Lashak A B,Zare M,Mortezanejad G,Bayranvand S P.2010.Moment tensor inversion of nine events in Iran using INSN data[J].J Seismol,14(4):751--760.
Mendiguren J.1977.Inversion of surface wave data in source mechanism studies[J].Geophys Res Lett,82(5):889--894.
Nakano M,Kumagai H,Inoue H.2008.Waveform inversion in the frequency domain for the simultaneous determinationof earthquake source mechanism and moment function[J].Geophys J Int,173(3):1000--1011.
Pasyanos M E,Dreger D S,Romanowicz B.1996.Toward real-time estimation of regional moment tensors[J].BullSeism Soc Amer,86(5):1255--1269.
Patton H J,Zandt G.1991.Seismic moment tensors of western U S earthquakes and implication for the tectonic stressfield[J].J Geophys Res,96(B11):18245--18259.
Romanowicz B A.1982.Moment tensor inversion of long period Rayleigh waves:A new approach[J].J Geophys Res,87(B7):5395--5407.
Sambridge M,Drijkoningen G.1992.Genertic algorithms in seismic waveform inversion[J].Geophys J Int,109(2):323--342.
Sasatani T.1997.Source characteristics of the1994Hokkaido Toho-Oki earthquake deduced from wide band strong motion records[J].Jour Fac Sci Hokkaido Univ,Ser VII(Geophysics),10(2):269--293.
íleny`J,Pseneik I.1995.Mechanisms of local earthquakes in3-D inhomogeneous media determined by waveform inversion[J].Geophys J Int,121(2):459--474.
íleny`J.1998.Earthquake source parameters and their confidence regions by agenetic algorithm with a‘memory’[J].Geophys J Int,134(1):228--242.
Thio H K,Kanamori H.1995.Moment tensor inversions for local earthquakes using surface waves recorded at TERRAscope[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,85(4):1021--1038.
Wu Y M,Zhao L,Chang C H,Hsu Y J.2008.Focal mechanism determination in Taiwan by genetic algorithm[J].BullSeism Soc Amer,98(2):651--661.
Yang F,Zhang C,Sun T.2008.Comparison of particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm for HMM training[C]∥19th International Conference on Pattern Recognition.New York:IEEE,2008:1--4.
Zahradník J,Jansky J,Paptsimpa K.2001.Focal mechanism of weak earthquakes from amplitude spectra and polarities[J].Pure Appl Geophys,158(4):647--665.
Zhou R,Tajima F,Stoffa P L.1995.Earthquake source parameter determination using genetic algorithms[J].GeophysRes Lett,22(4):517--520.
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