大凉山断裂带南段滑动速率估计
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摘要
大凉山断裂带是川滇活动块体东边界的重要组成部分,其活动速率的估计不仅对评价青藏高原东南边缘的地壳运动和变形模型具有重要理论意义,还对大凉山地区的地震危险性评价和地震中长期预测具有重要的应用价值。通过对大凉山断裂带南段交际河断裂和布拖断裂的详细野外调查、典型构造地貌GPS精细测量以及断错地貌的时间约束,获得大凉山断裂带南段全新世以来的滑动速率为2.5～4.5mm/a,交际河断裂平均滑动速率略大于布拖断裂的滑动速率。对比滑动速率发现,大凉山断裂带南段与鲜水河-小江断裂系中段西支的安宁河、则木河断裂带的水平滑动速率相当,表明大凉山断裂带活动强度不低于安宁河和则木河断裂带,随着大凉山断裂带逐渐取代安宁河和则木河断裂在鲜水河-小江断裂系中的作用,大凉山断裂带的活动强度将增强。
Daliangshan Fault zone constitutes an important part of the eastern boundary of Sichuan-yunnan active block. The studies of slip rate along the fault is not only significant to the crust movement and deformation pattern on the southeast edge of Tibetan Plateau,but also has great value in seismic hazard assessment and mid- and long-term forecasting of earthquake of the Daliangshan region. Through detailed field work along the south segment of Daliangshan Fault zone,namely the Butuo Fault and the Jiaojihe Fault,and based on accurate RTK(GPS)survey for the alluvial fans and activity dating,we suggest that left-lateral slip rate of the south segment of the fault zone is between 2.5～4.5mm/a,and the slip rate of Jiaojihe Fault is slightly higher than that of the Butuo Fault. Due to partitioning of part of the strike-slip component on the Daliangshan Fault zone,there is an obvious deficit in the displacement and slip rate on the Anninghe-Zemuhe Fault,compared to the Xianshuihe and Xiaojiang Faults. Comparing to the slip rates between Daliangshan Fault and Anninghe-Zemuhe Fault,it is found that they have similar horizontal slip rate,indicating the seismicity level of the Daliangshan Fault will not be lower than that of Anninghe-Zemuhe Fault. As the Daliangshan Fault gradually replaces the role of Anninghe-Zemuhe Fault in the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang Fault system,the seismicity on the Daliangshan Fault zone will increase,and the Dalianghan region will have a higher risk of earthquake damage.
Daliangshan Fault zone constitutes an important part of the eastern boundary of Sichuan-yunnan active block. The studies of slip rate along the fault is not only significant to the crust movement and deformation pattern on the southeast edge of Tibetan Plateau,but also has great value in seismic hazard assessment and mid- and long-term forecasting of earthquake of the Daliangshan region. Through detailed field work along the south segment of Daliangshan Fault zone,namely the Butuo Fault and the Jiaojihe Fault,and based on accurate RTK(GPS)survey for the alluvial fans and activity dating,we suggest that left-lateral slip rate of the south segment of the fault zone is between 2.5～4.5mm/a,and the slip rate of Jiaojihe Fault is slightly higher than that of the Butuo Fault. Due to partitioning of part of the strike-slip component on the Daliangshan Fault zone,there is an obvious deficit in the displacement and slip rate on the Anninghe-Zemuhe Fault,compared to the Xianshuihe and Xiaojiang Faults. Comparing to the slip rates between Daliangshan Fault and Anninghe-Zemuhe Fault,it is found that they have similar horizontal slip rate,indicating the seismicity level of the Daliangshan Fault will not be lower than that of Anninghe-Zemuhe Fault. As the Daliangshan Fault gradually replaces the role of Anninghe-Zemuhe Fault in the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang Fault system,the seismicity on the Daliangshan Fault zone will increase,and the Dalianghan region will have a higher risk of earthquake damage.
引文
陈桂华.2006.川滇块体北东边界活动构造带的构造转换与变形分解作用(D):[学位论文].北京:中国地震局地质研究所.CHEN Gui-hua.2006.Structural transformation and strain partitioning along the northeast boundary belt of the SichuanYunnan block[D].Doctoral Thesis.Institute of Geology,China Earthquake Administration,Beijing(inChinese).
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何宏林,池田安隆,何玉林等.2008.新生的大凉山断裂带:鲜水河-小江断裂系中段的裁弯取直[J].中国科学(D辑),38(5):564—574.HE Hong-lin,Yasutaka Ikeda,HE Yu-lin,et al.2008.Newly-generated Daliangshan Fault zone-Shortcutting on thecentral segment of Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang Fault system[J].Science in China(Ser D),38(5):564—574(inChinese).
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申旭辉,陈正位,许任德,等.2000.凉山活动构造带晚新生代变形特征和位移规模[J].地震地质,22(3):232—238.SHEN Xu-hui,CHEN Zheng-wei,XU Ren-de,et al.2000.Deformation characteristics and displacement amount ofLiangshan active fault zone in late Cenozoic era[J].Seismology and Geology,22(3):232—238(in Chinese).
宋方敏,汪一鹏,俞维贤,等.1998.小江活动断裂带[M].北京:地震出版社.SONG Fang-min,WANG Yi-peng,YU Wei-xian,et al.1998.Xiaojiang Active Fault Zone[M].Seismological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
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周荣军,何玉林,黄祖智,等.2001.鲜水河断裂带乾宁—康定段的滑动速率与强震复发间隔[J].地震学报,23(3):250—261.ZHOU Rong-jun,HE Yu-lin,HUANG Zu-zhi,et al.2001.The slip rate and strong earthquake recurrence intervals ofthe Qianning-Kangding segment of the Xianshuihe Fault zone[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,23(3):250—261(in Chinese).
周荣军,黎小刚,黄祖智,等.2003.四川大凉山断裂带的晚第四纪平均滑动速率[J].地震研究,26(2):191—196.ZHOU Rong-jun,LI Xiao-gang,HUANG Zu-zhi,et al.2003.Average slip rate of Daliang Mountains Fault zone inSichuan in late Quaternary period[J].Journal of Seismological Research,26(2):191—196(in Chinese).
王虎,冉勇康,李彦保.2012.通过小型三角状拉分盆地的生长限制走滑断层的位移速率[J].地震地质,待刊.WANG Hu,RAN Yong-kang,LI Yan-bao.2012.Growth of small triangular pull-apart basins and constraints on the sliprate of strike-slip fault[J].Seismology and Geology,(in Chinese)(in press).
闻学泽.1995.活动断裂地震潜势的定量评估[M].北京:地震出版社.WEN Xue-ze.1995.Quantitative Evaluation of Earthquake Potential of Active Fault[M].Seismological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
张培震,王敏,甘卫军.2003.GPS观测的活动断裂滑动速率及其对现今大陆动力作用的制约[J].地学前缘,10(特刊):81—92.ZHANG Pei-zhen,WANG Min,GAN Wei-jun.2003.Slip rates along major active faults from GPS measurements andconstraints on contemporary continental tectonics[J].Earth Science Frontiers,10(supp1):81—92(in Chinese).
张培震,王琪,马宗晋.2002.青藏高原现今构造变形特征与GPS速度场[J].地学前缘,9(2):442—450.ZHANG Pei-zhen,WANG Qi,MA Zong-jin.2002.GPS velocity field and active crustal deformation in and around theQinhai-Tibet Plateau[J].Earth Science Frontiers,9(2):442—450(in Chinese).
Anderson J G.1979.Estimating the seismicity from geological structure for seismic risk studies[J].Bull Seism SocAm,69:135—158.
HE Hong-lin,Takashi Oguchi.2008.Late Quaternary activity of the Zemuhe and Xiaojiang Faults in southwest Chinafrom geomorphological mapping[J].Geomorphology,96(1-2):62—85.
Molna P.1979.Earthquake recurrence intervals and plate tectonics[J].Bull Seism Soc Am,69:115—134.
Shen Z K,Lu J,Wang M,et al.2005.Contemporary crustal deformation around the southeast borderland of the TibetanPlateau[J].J Geophys Res,110:B11409.doi:10.1029/2004JB003421.
Wallace,R E.1970.Earthquake recurrence intervals on the San Andereas Fault[J].Bull Soc Am,81:2875—2890.
Zhang Pei-zhen,Shen Zheng-kang,Wang Min,et al.2004.Continuous deformation of the Tibetan Plateau from globalpositioning system data[J].Geology,32(9):809—812.
邓起东,陈立春,冉勇康.2004.活动构造定量研究与应用[J].地学前缘,11(4):383—392.DENG Qi-dong,CHEN Li-chun,RAN Yong-kang.2004.Quantitative studies and applications of active tectonics[J].Earth Science Frontiers,11(4):383—392(in Chinese).
邓起东,张培震,冉勇康,等.2002.中国活动构造基本特征[J].中国科学(D辑),32(12):1020—1033.DENG Qi-dong,ZHANG Pei-zhen,RAN Yong-kang,et al.2002.Basic characteristics of active tectonics of China[J].Science in China(Ser D),32(12):1020—1033(in Chinese).
何宏林,池田安隆.2007.安宁河断裂带晚第四纪运动特征及模式的讨论[J].地震学报,29(5):537—548.HE Hong-lin,Yasutaka Ikeda.2007.Faulting on the Anninghe Fault zone,southwest China in late Quaternary and itsmovement model[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,29(5):537—548(in Chinese).
何宏林,池田安隆,何玉林等.2008.新生的大凉山断裂带:鲜水河-小江断裂系中段的裁弯取直[J].中国科学(D辑),38(5):564—574.HE Hong-lin,Yasutaka Ikeda,HE Yu-lin,et al.2008.Newly-generated Daliangshan Fault zone-Shortcutting on thecentral segment of Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang Fault system[J].Science in China(Ser D),38(5):564—574(inChinese).
冉勇康,陈立春,程建武,等.2008.安宁河断裂冕宁以北晚第四纪地表变形与强震破裂行为[J].中国科学(D辑),38(5):543—554.RAN Yong-kang,CHEN Li-chun,CHENG Jian-wu,et al.2008.Late Quaternary surface deformation and rupturebehavior of strong earthquake on the segment north of Mianning of the Anninghe Fault[J].Science in China(SerD),51(9):1224—1237.
任金卫.1994.则木河断裂晚第四纪位移及滑动速率[J].地震地质,16(2):146.REN Jin-wei.1994.Late Quaternary displacement and slip rate of Zemuhe Fault in Sichuan,China[J].Seismology andGeology,16(2):146(in Chinese).
申旭辉,陈正位,许任德,等.2000.凉山活动构造带晚新生代变形特征和位移规模[J].地震地质,22(3):232—238.SHEN Xu-hui,CHEN Zheng-wei,XU Ren-de,et al.2000.Deformation characteristics and displacement amount ofLiangshan active fault zone in late Cenozoic era[J].Seismology and Geology,22(3):232—238(in Chinese).
宋方敏,汪一鹏,俞维贤,等.1998.小江活动断裂带[M].北京:地震出版社.SONG Fang-min,WANG Yi-peng,YU Wei-xian,et al.1998.Xiaojiang Active Fault Zone[M].Seismological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
唐荣昌,韩渭滨主编.1993.四川活动断裂与地震[M].北京:地震出版社.TANG Rong-chang,HAN Wei-bin(ed).1993.Active Faults and Earthquake in Sichuan Province[M].SeismologicalPress,Beijing(in Chinese).
周荣军,何玉林,黄祖智,等.2001.鲜水河断裂带乾宁—康定段的滑动速率与强震复发间隔[J].地震学报,23(3):250—261.ZHOU Rong-jun,HE Yu-lin,HUANG Zu-zhi,et al.2001.The slip rate and strong earthquake recurrence intervals ofthe Qianning-Kangding segment of the Xianshuihe Fault zone[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,23(3):250—261(in Chinese).
周荣军,黎小刚,黄祖智,等.2003.四川大凉山断裂带的晚第四纪平均滑动速率[J].地震研究,26(2):191—196.ZHOU Rong-jun,LI Xiao-gang,HUANG Zu-zhi,et al.2003.Average slip rate of Daliang Mountains Fault zone inSichuan in late Quaternary period[J].Journal of Seismological Research,26(2):191—196(in Chinese).
王虎,冉勇康,李彦保.2012.通过小型三角状拉分盆地的生长限制走滑断层的位移速率[J].地震地质,待刊.WANG Hu,RAN Yong-kang,LI Yan-bao.2012.Growth of small triangular pull-apart basins and constraints on the sliprate of strike-slip fault[J].Seismology and Geology,(in Chinese)(in press).
闻学泽.1995.活动断裂地震潜势的定量评估[M].北京:地震出版社.WEN Xue-ze.1995.Quantitative Evaluation of Earthquake Potential of Active Fault[M].Seismological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
张培震,王敏,甘卫军.2003.GPS观测的活动断裂滑动速率及其对现今大陆动力作用的制约[J].地学前缘,10(特刊):81—92.ZHANG Pei-zhen,WANG Min,GAN Wei-jun.2003.Slip rates along major active faults from GPS measurements andconstraints on contemporary continental tectonics[J].Earth Science Frontiers,10(supp1):81—92(in Chinese).
张培震,王琪,马宗晋.2002.青藏高原现今构造变形特征与GPS速度场[J].地学前缘,9(2):442—450.ZHANG Pei-zhen,WANG Qi,MA Zong-jin.2002.GPS velocity field and active crustal deformation in and around theQinhai-Tibet Plateau[J].Earth Science Frontiers,9(2):442—450(in Chinese).
Anderson J G.1979.Estimating the seismicity from geological structure for seismic risk studies[J].Bull Seism SocAm,69:135—158.
HE Hong-lin,Takashi Oguchi.2008.Late Quaternary activity of the Zemuhe and Xiaojiang Faults in southwest Chinafrom geomorphological mapping[J].Geomorphology,96(1-2):62—85.
Molna P.1979.Earthquake recurrence intervals and plate tectonics[J].Bull Seism Soc Am,69:115—134.
Shen Z K,Lu J,Wang M,et al.2005.Contemporary crustal deformation around the southeast borderland of the TibetanPlateau[J].J Geophys Res,110:B11409.doi:10.1029/2004JB003421.
Wallace,R E.1970.Earthquake recurrence intervals on the San Andereas Fault[J].Bull Soc Am,81:2875—2890.
Zhang Pei-zhen,Shen Zheng-kang,Wang Min,et al.2004.Continuous deformation of the Tibetan Plateau from globalpositioning system data[J].Geology,32(9):809—812.
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