长江中下游地区中生代陆内构造作用与成因分析
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摘要
长江中下游地区多期构造叠加、复合联合作用明显,中生代以来地壳运动频繁、构造活动强烈,地表为桐柏一大别造山带,九岭一江南隆起带,其问为对冲样式构造组合的长江复合构造带。大别造山带前陆深地震反射剖面揭示长江中下游深部为"双鳄鱼构造"状态,大量前陆断褶带的物质被掩盖在大别造山带之下,岩片叠置、断裂交错的镶嵌构造极为发育,下地壳切过莫霍面向北俯冲,是后期岩浆的活动通道和就位空间。综合地球物理剖面揭示下扬子地区南北岩石圈结构差异明显,上地壳南北对冲构造发育;下地壳为向北倾斜的构造带,北部仍向南逆冲,南部切过莫霍面向北俯冲。长江中下游地区上述构造的形成受控于长江陆内异化带的作用,该带是一条陆内岩石圈规模的向北倾斜的破裂带,发生在中国大陆形成之后,不受早期板块界线的控制,是岩石圈规模的大陆异化、物质重建、结构重组的产物;主要结构特征为上地壳对冲式逆断层组合,中地壳为水平流变层,下地壳切过莫霍面由南向北俯冲;形成过程是印支晚期一燕山早期中国陆内近南北向挤压,地壳破碎,岩石圈加厚;燕山晚期大规模伸展拉张,岩浆活动,壳幔混熔。特殊成因机制和演化过程的综合效应是长江陆内异化带的地质内涵。深部物质沿长江陆内异化带上升。在上部地壳内多期叠加构成的构造格架中就位,岩体形态在深部近东西向呈带状,中部状态复杂,浅表受控于多种构造组合形式,见空即灌。
The middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River has a characteristic of multiphase structural superposition and combination.It has experienced frequent crustal movement and intense tectonic activity since Mesozoic.It manifests as Tongbai-Dabie orogenic belt,Jiuling-Jiangnan uplift and Yangtze River compound structural belt.The deep structures of the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River show as a double " crocodile structure" which is revealed by Dabie orogenic belt foreland deep seismic reflection profile.Many material of foreland fault fold belt are covered by the Dabie orogenic belt.Mosaic structures are well developed as a result of tectonic slices and fault superimposed.The lower crust cut the Moho surface and subducted toward north and make this place be the channel of upwelling magma.The lithospheric structures are obviously different between the south and north Lower Yangtze area which is revealed by the comprehensive geophysical profiles.The face to face vergencing structures are well developed in the upper crust.The lower crust is a north-dipping tectonic zone and north part southward thrusting,south curst cut the Moho surface and northward subduction.The structures of the Yangtze River region are controlled by the intracontinental alienation belt of the Yangtze River.This belt is a north-dipping crushed zone in lithospheric scale,which is formed after the formation of China continent,but uncontrolled by early plate boundaries.It is the production of physical reconstruction and structure reorganization.The major structural features of Yangtze River compound structural belt are showed as face to face vergencing fault assemblages in the upper crust,the horizontal rheology in middle crust and north-dipping tectonic zone cut the Moho face and northward subduction in the lower crust.It is result of SNtrending compressive stress in Late Indosinian-Early Yanshanian,crust broken and thickened lithosphere,then magmatic activities and crust-mantle immiscible occurred under the extensional structural setting in Late Yanshanian.The combined effect of special genetic mechanism and the evolution is the geological meaning of the alienation band in Yangtze River intracontinent.Deep-seated material is upwelling along the alienation band and in place of the tectonic framework which was formed by the multiphase structural superposition in the upper crust.Rock in the deep crust is EW-trending,that in the middle is complex,while close to the surface is determined by a variety of structural combinations.
The middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River has a characteristic of multiphase structural superposition and combination.It has experienced frequent crustal movement and intense tectonic activity since Mesozoic.It manifests as Tongbai-Dabie orogenic belt,Jiuling-Jiangnan uplift and Yangtze River compound structural belt.The deep structures of the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River show as a double " crocodile structure" which is revealed by Dabie orogenic belt foreland deep seismic reflection profile.Many material of foreland fault fold belt are covered by the Dabie orogenic belt.Mosaic structures are well developed as a result of tectonic slices and fault superimposed.The lower crust cut the Moho surface and subducted toward north and make this place be the channel of upwelling magma.The lithospheric structures are obviously different between the south and north Lower Yangtze area which is revealed by the comprehensive geophysical profiles.The face to face vergencing structures are well developed in the upper crust.The lower crust is a north-dipping tectonic zone and north part southward thrusting,south curst cut the Moho surface and northward subduction.The structures of the Yangtze River region are controlled by the intracontinental alienation belt of the Yangtze River.This belt is a north-dipping crushed zone in lithospheric scale,which is formed after the formation of China continent,but uncontrolled by early plate boundaries.It is the production of physical reconstruction and structure reorganization.The major structural features of Yangtze River compound structural belt are showed as face to face vergencing fault assemblages in the upper crust,the horizontal rheology in middle crust and north-dipping tectonic zone cut the Moho face and northward subduction in the lower crust.It is result of SNtrending compressive stress in Late Indosinian-Early Yanshanian,crust broken and thickened lithosphere,then magmatic activities and crust-mantle immiscible occurred under the extensional structural setting in Late Yanshanian.The combined effect of special genetic mechanism and the evolution is the geological meaning of the alienation band in Yangtze River intracontinent.Deep-seated material is upwelling along the alienation band and in place of the tectonic framework which was formed by the multiphase structural superposition in the upper crust.Rock in the deep crust is EW-trending,that in the middle is complex,while close to the surface is determined by a variety of structural combinations.
引文
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董树文,高锐,李秋生等.2005.大别山造山带前陆深地震反射剖面,地质学报,79(5):595—601.Dong Shuwen,Gao Rui,Li Qiusheng et al.2005.A deep seismic reflection profile across a foreland of the Dabie orogen.Acta Geologica Sinica,79(5):595—601.
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宋传中,张华,任升莲等.2011.长江中下游转换构造结与区域成矿背景分析.地质学报,85(5):778—788.Song Chuanzhong,Zhang Hun,Ben Shenglian et al.Transform tectonic node of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and analysis of regional metallogenic settings.Acta Geologica Sinica,85(5):778—788.
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张国伟,郭安林,姚安平.2006.关于中国大陆地质与大陆构造基础研究的思考.自然科学进展.16(10):1210—1215.Zhang Guowei,Guo Anlin and Yao Anping.2006.Thinking on the basic research of geological and tectonics in China.Progress in Natural Science,16(10):1210—1215.
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常印佛,董树文,黄德志.1996.论中-下扬子“一盖多底”格局与演化.火山地质与矿产,17(1—2):1—15.Chang Yinfo,Dong Shuwen and Huang Dezhi.1996.On tectonics of"poly-basement with one cover"in middle-lower Yangtze Craton China.Volcanology&Mineral Resources,17(1—2):1—15.
陈沪生.1988.下扬子地区HQ-13线的综合地球物理调查及其地质意义.石油与天然气地质,9(3):211—222.Chen Husheng.1988.Comprehensive geophysical survey of HQ-13line in the lower Yangzi reaches and its geological significance.Oil&Gas Geology,9(3):211—222.
董树文,高锐,李秋生等.2005.大别山造山带前陆深地震反射剖面,地质学报,79(5):595—601.Dong Shuwen,Gao Rui,Li Qiusheng et al.2005.A deep seismic reflection profile across a foreland of the Dabie orogen.Acta Geologica Sinica,79(5):595—601.
董树文,张岳桥,龙长兴等.2007.中国侏罗纪构造变革与燕山运动新诠释.地质学报,81(11):1449—1461.Dong Shuwen,Zhang Yueqiao,Long Changxiang et al.2007.Jurassic tectonic revolution in China and new interpretation of the"Yanshan Movement".Acta Geologica Sinica,82(2):334—347.
董树文,马立成,刘刚等.2011.论长江中下游成矿动力学.地质学报,85(5):612—625.Dong Shuwen,Ma Licheng,Liu Gang etal.2011.On dynamics of the metallogenic belt of middle-lower reaches of Yangtze River,eastern China.Acta Geologica Sinica,85(5):612—625.
郭福祥.1998.中国南方中新生代大地构造属性和南华造山带褶皱过程.地质学报,72(1):22—33.Guo Fuxiang.1998.Meso-Cenozoic Nanhua(South China)orogenic helt-subaerial tridirectional orogen.Acta Geologica Sinica,72(1):22—33.
李献华,李武显,李正祥.2007.再论南岭燕山早期花岗岩的成因类型与构造意义.科学通报,52(9):981—991.Li Xianhua,Li Wuxian and Li Zhengxiang.2007.On the genetic classification and tectonic implications of the Early Yanshanian granitoids in the Nanling range,South China.Chinese Science Bulletin,52(14):1873—1885.
吕庆田,韩立国,严加永等.2010.庐枞矿集区火山气液型铁、硫矿床及控矿构造的反射地震成像.岩石学报,26(9):2598—2612.Lü Qingtian,Hun Liguo,Yan Jiayong etal.2010.Seismic imaging of volcanic hydrothermal iron-sulfur deposits and its hosting structure in Luzong ore district.Acta Petrologica Sinica,26(9):2598—2612.
Robert P R,肖龙,Nobu S.2002.中国东部富钾埃达克岩成因的实验约束.岩石学报,18(3):293—302.Robert P R,Xiao Long and Nobu S.2002.Experimental constraints on the origin of potassium-rich adakites in eastern China.Acta Petrologica Sinica,18(3):293—302.
宋传中,朱光,刘洋等.2003.郯庐断裂带肥东韧性剪切带的变形规律、同位素年龄及其构造意义.地质论评,49(1):10—16.Song Chuanzhong,Zhu Guang,Liu Yang et al.2003.Deformation features and isotopic ages of the Feidong ductile shear belt in the Tan-Lu fault zone and its tectonic implications.Geological Review,49(1):10—16.
宋传中,张国伟,王勇生等.2009.秦岭洛南—栾川构造带的变形分解与年代学制约.中国科学(D辑),39(2):144—156.Song Chuanzhong,Zhang Guowei,Wang Yongsheng et al.2009.The constraints of strain partitioning and geochronology in Luonan-Luanchuan tectonic belts on Qinling orogenic belt.Science in China(Series D),52(3):300—312.
宋传中,Lin Shoufa,周涛发等.2010.长江中下游及其邻区中生代构造体制转换.岩石学报,26(9):2835—2849.Song Chuanshong,Lin Shoufa,Zhou Taofa et al.2010.Mesozoic tectonic regime transition of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and its adjacent area.Acta Petrologica Sinica,26(9):2835—2849.
宋传中,张华,任升莲等.2011.长江中下游转换构造结与区域成矿背景分析.地质学报,85(5):778—788.Song Chuanzhong,Zhang Hun,Ben Shenglian et al.Transform tectonic node of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and analysis of regional metallogenic settings.Acta Geologica Sinica,85(5):778—788.
唐永成,吴言昌,储国正等.1998.安徽沿江地区铜金多金属矿床地质.北京:地质出版社.60—85.Tang Yongcheng,Wu Yanchang,Chu Guozheng etal.1998.Geology of Copper-Gold Polymetallio Deposits in the AlongChangjiang Area of Anhui Province.Beijing:Geological Publishing House.60—85.
徐夕生,范钦成,O'Reilly S Y等.2004.安徽铜官山石英闪长岩及其包体锆石U-Pb定年与成因探讨.科学通报,49(18):1883—1891.Xu Xisheng,Fan Qincheng,O'Reilly S Yet al.2004.U-Pb dating of zircons from quartz diorite and its enclaves at Tongguanshan in Anhui and its petrogenetic implication.Chinese Science Bulletin,49(19):2073—2082.
徐晓春,陆三明,谢巧勤等.2008.安徽铜陵狮子山矿田岩浆岩锫石SHRIMP定年及其成因意义.地质学报,82(4):500—509.Xu Xiaochun,Lu Sanming,Xie Qiaoqin et al.2008.SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating for the magmatic rocks in Shizishan ore-field of Tongling,Anhui Province,and its geological implications.Acta Geologica Sinica,82(4):500—510.
袁学诚,李善芳.2008.大别造山带岩石圈结构与超高压变质岩折返的另类模型.中国地质,35(4):565—576.Yuan Xuecheng and Li Shanfang.2008.Lithospheric structure under the Dabie orogen and another model of exhumation of UHP rocks.Geology in China,35(4):565—576.
张国伟,郭安林,刘福田等.1996.秦岭造山带三维结构及其动力学分析.中国科学(D辑),26(增刊):1—6.Zhang Guowei,Guo Anlin,Liu Futian et al.1996.Three-dimensional architecture and dynamic analysis of the Qinling orogenic belt.Science in China(Series D),39(suppl.):1—9.
张国伟,郭安林,姚安平.2006.关于中国大陆地质与大陆构造基础研究的思考.自然科学进展.16(10):1210—1215.Zhang Guowei,Guo Anlin and Yao Anping.2006.Thinking on the basic research of geological and tectonics in China.Progress in Natural Science,16(10):1210—1215.
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