基于S变换求取地层的品质因子Q值
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摘要
地层的品质因子Q对衡量地震波传播过程中的能量衰减以及预测油气具有重要意义。生产中最常用的方法是通过频谱比法求品质因子Q值,但是传统的频谱比法面临时窗选取等问题。利用S变换优越的时频分析特性以及与傅里叶谱直接相联系的特性,提取地层上下界面对应的瞬时频谱,然后通过拟合频率与振幅比的关系,得到地层的品质因子Q值。通过数值模拟证明了该方法的有效性。
It is important to measure quality factor Q in the processing of seismic wave propagation and the predictiing of hydrocarbon.In practical production,the most commonly used to estimate quality factor Q is spectral ratio method.However,the traditional spectral ratio method is facing windowing problem.In this paper,the authors took the advantage of superior time-frequency characteristics of the S-transform and the direct linkage between the Fourier spectrum and the S-transform to extract the corresponding instantaneous spectra of the upper and lower interfaces of the formation.Then by fitting the relationship between frequency and amplitude ratio,the authors estimated the quality factor.Numerical simulation shows the effectiveness of this method.
It is important to measure quality factor Q in the processing of seismic wave propagation and the predictiing of hydrocarbon.In practical production,the most commonly used to estimate quality factor Q is spectral ratio method.However,the traditional spectral ratio method is facing windowing problem.In this paper,the authors took the advantage of superior time-frequency characteristics of the S-transform and the direct linkage between the Fourier spectrum and the S-transform to extract the corresponding instantaneous spectra of the upper and lower interfaces of the formation.Then by fitting the relationship between frequency and amplitude ratio,the authors estimated the quality factor.Numerical simulation shows the effectiveness of this method.
引文
[1]孙成禹.地震波理论与方法[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社,2007:124-128.
[2]Aki K,Richards P G.Quantitative seismology theory and methods[M].New York:W H Freeman and Company,1980,168-169.
[3]Toksoz M N,Johnston D H.Seismic wave attenuation[M].Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysicsts,1981:45.
[4]Klimentos T,McCann C.Relationships among compressional waveattenuation,porosity,clay content,and permeability in sandstones[J].Geophysics,1990,55:998-1014
[5]Toksoz M N,Johnston G H,Timur A.Attenuation of seismic wavesin dry and saturated rocks,1.Laboratory measure-ments[J].Geo-physics,1979,44:681-690.
[6]Tonn R.The determination of seismic quality factor Q from VSPdata:A comparison of different computational method[J].Geo-phys,1991,36(1):9-18.
[7]Kjartansson E.Constant Q-wave propagation and attenuation[J].Geophysics Res,1979,84:4737-4748.
[8]Bregman N D,Bailey R C,Chapman C H.Traveltime and ampli-tude inversion in crosshole seismology[J].J Geophys Res,1989,94:7577-7587.
[9]Dasgupta R,Roger A,Clark.Estimation the Q from surface seismicreflection data[J].Geophysics,1998,63(6):2120-2128.
[10]Quan Y,Harris J M.Seismic attenuation tomography using the fre-quency shift method[J].Geophysics,1997,62:895-905.
[11]James Rickett.Estimating attenuation and the relative informationcontent of amplitude and phase spectra[J].Geophysics,2007,72:20-27.
[12]Taner M T.Joint Time/Frequency Analysis Q qulity factor and Dis-persion computation using Gabor-Morlet wavelet or Gabor-Morlettransform[M].Rock Solid images,1983,1-5.
[13]刘希强.高斯线调频连续小波变换的时频能量衰减因子方法及其应用[J].中国地震,2003,19(3):225-235.
[14]Li Yandong,Zheng Xiaodong.Wigner-Ville distribution and its ap-plication in seismic attenuation estimation[J].APPLIED GEO-PHYSICS,2007,4(4):245-254.
[15]Li Hongbing,Zhao Wenzhi.Measures of scale based on the waveletscalogram with applications to seismic attenuation[J].Geophys.2006,71(5):110-108.
[16]Stockwell R G,Mansinha L,Lowe R P.Localization of the complexspectrum:the S transform[J].IEEE trans on signal processing,1996(17):998-1001.
[17]刘喜武.基于广义S变换研究地震地层特征[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):440-451.
[18]张贤达.现代信号处理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007:467-472.
[19]唐向宏.时频分析与小波变换[M].北京:科学出版社,2008:110-113.
[2]Aki K,Richards P G.Quantitative seismology theory and methods[M].New York:W H Freeman and Company,1980,168-169.
[3]Toksoz M N,Johnston D H.Seismic wave attenuation[M].Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysicsts,1981:45.
[4]Klimentos T,McCann C.Relationships among compressional waveattenuation,porosity,clay content,and permeability in sandstones[J].Geophysics,1990,55:998-1014
[5]Toksoz M N,Johnston G H,Timur A.Attenuation of seismic wavesin dry and saturated rocks,1.Laboratory measure-ments[J].Geo-physics,1979,44:681-690.
[6]Tonn R.The determination of seismic quality factor Q from VSPdata:A comparison of different computational method[J].Geo-phys,1991,36(1):9-18.
[7]Kjartansson E.Constant Q-wave propagation and attenuation[J].Geophysics Res,1979,84:4737-4748.
[8]Bregman N D,Bailey R C,Chapman C H.Traveltime and ampli-tude inversion in crosshole seismology[J].J Geophys Res,1989,94:7577-7587.
[9]Dasgupta R,Roger A,Clark.Estimation the Q from surface seismicreflection data[J].Geophysics,1998,63(6):2120-2128.
[10]Quan Y,Harris J M.Seismic attenuation tomography using the fre-quency shift method[J].Geophysics,1997,62:895-905.
[11]James Rickett.Estimating attenuation and the relative informationcontent of amplitude and phase spectra[J].Geophysics,2007,72:20-27.
[12]Taner M T.Joint Time/Frequency Analysis Q qulity factor and Dis-persion computation using Gabor-Morlet wavelet or Gabor-Morlettransform[M].Rock Solid images,1983,1-5.
[13]刘希强.高斯线调频连续小波变换的时频能量衰减因子方法及其应用[J].中国地震,2003,19(3):225-235.
[14]Li Yandong,Zheng Xiaodong.Wigner-Ville distribution and its ap-plication in seismic attenuation estimation[J].APPLIED GEO-PHYSICS,2007,4(4):245-254.
[15]Li Hongbing,Zhao Wenzhi.Measures of scale based on the waveletscalogram with applications to seismic attenuation[J].Geophys.2006,71(5):110-108.
[16]Stockwell R G,Mansinha L,Lowe R P.Localization of the complexspectrum:the S transform[J].IEEE trans on signal processing,1996(17):998-1001.
[17]刘喜武.基于广义S变换研究地震地层特征[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):440-451.
[18]张贤达.现代信号处理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007:467-472.
[19]唐向宏.时频分析与小波变换[M].北京:科学出版社,2008:110-113.
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