中国大陆重力场非潮汐时空变化特征的初步分析
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摘要
本文基于Tsoft软件在潮汐数据预处理中的应用,采用Tsoft数据预处理软件和别尔采夫滤波相结合方法,提取了覆盖中国大陆28个重力固体潮台站连续观测数据的非潮汐分量.对各台站2008～2011年的连续数据,进行了缺失数据补接、地震动事件提取和去除非线性漂移等预处理工作,并通过滤波提取固体潮非潮汐分量.结果表明:除在贵阳、勐腊和十堰3个原始数据质量较差的台站外,其它台站观测数据应用本文方法均取得良好的结果.在此基础上,对处理结果采用滑动平均,将非潮汐分量结果的月均值与GRACE卫星和CMAP降水记录的月采样数据进行对比,结果显示了地表降水同重力变化具有一定相关性特征.此外,基于Tsoft软件的分段曲线漂移拟合能有效去除原始数据中的漂移.
Tsoft software is widely used in preprocessing tidal dataset,and it had been proved to be an effective way to process tidal data.But it has been only used to extract tidal information,in this paper we try to use it to extract non-tidal information.Following that we claim a new method to extract non-tidal changes of gravity from tidal station based on Tsoft software and Pertesv's filtering.The Tsoft software maibly used to preprocess original dataset to clear away different kinds of interference,and the Pertesv's filtering is one of the best way to extract non-tidal information so far,which has been widely used in related studies.Based on the new method,we process and analysis the gravity data of 28 tidal stations in mainland China in past 3.5 years(2008.1～2011.5),the preprocessing to the original data contains fill in data gaps,extract earthquake events,remove the drift and so on.The results show that the non-tidal variation based on the new method has high precision in almost all tidal stations except only 3 stations :Guiyang,Mengla and Shiyan,in which the original data is extremely bad.Following that we compared the non-tidal information with the computed results of GRACE satellite data and the rainfall information from CMAP,and the results indicate that the new method claimed in this paper is accurate and credible.Besides that,we also find the correlation characteristics between rainfall and gravity variations,which had been explained by other scholars.Meanwhile,to remove the drift in original gravity tidal data,we try to present a new way——Curve fitting based Tsoft software,which is more simple to remove the drift than the current ways.And then we comparing the tidal data which removed drift with the theory gravity tidal,which shows that we remove the drift effectively through the new way.Overall,the new method we claim in this paper is a high precision and accuracy method to extract non-tidal variations from the original data of tidal stations,and it may be widely used in related reasearches.
Tsoft software is widely used in preprocessing tidal dataset,and it had been proved to be an effective way to process tidal data.But it has been only used to extract tidal information,in this paper we try to use it to extract non-tidal information.Following that we claim a new method to extract non-tidal changes of gravity from tidal station based on Tsoft software and Pertesv's filtering.The Tsoft software maibly used to preprocess original dataset to clear away different kinds of interference,and the Pertesv's filtering is one of the best way to extract non-tidal information so far,which has been widely used in related studies.Based on the new method,we process and analysis the gravity data of 28 tidal stations in mainland China in past 3.5 years(2008.1～2011.5),the preprocessing to the original data contains fill in data gaps,extract earthquake events,remove the drift and so on.The results show that the non-tidal variation based on the new method has high precision in almost all tidal stations except only 3 stations :Guiyang,Mengla and Shiyan,in which the original data is extremely bad.Following that we compared the non-tidal information with the computed results of GRACE satellite data and the rainfall information from CMAP,and the results indicate that the new method claimed in this paper is accurate and credible.Besides that,we also find the correlation characteristics between rainfall and gravity variations,which had been explained by other scholars.Meanwhile,to remove the drift in original gravity tidal data,we try to present a new way——Curve fitting based Tsoft software,which is more simple to remove the drift than the current ways.And then we comparing the tidal data which removed drift with the theory gravity tidal,which shows that we remove the drift effectively through the new way.Overall,the new method we claim in this paper is a high precision and accuracy method to extract non-tidal variations from the original data of tidal stations,and it may be widely used in related reasearches.
引文
[1]方俊.固体潮.北京:科学出版社,1984.Fang J.Earth Tide(in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,1984.
[2]许厚泽.固体地球潮汐.湖北:湖北科学技术出版社,2010:111-113.Xu H Z.Solid Earth Tides(in Chinese).Hubei:Science andTechnology Press,2010:111-113.
[3]张晶,郗钦文,杨林章等.引潮力与潮汐应力对强震触发的研究.地球物理学报,2007,50(2):448-454.Zhang J,Xi Q W,Yang L Z,et al.A study on tidal force/stress triggering of strong earthquakes.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(2):448-454.
[4]Van Camp M,Vauterin P.Tsoft:graphical and interactivesoftware for the analysis of time series and Earth tides.Computers&Geosciences,2005,31(5):631-640.
[5]孙和平,许厚泽.国际地球动力学合作项目的实施与展望.地球科学进展,1997,12(2):152-157.Sun H P,Xu H Z.Execution and prospect for the globalGeodynamics project cooperation.Advance in Earth Sciences(in Chinese),1997,12(2):152-157.
[6]Vauterin P.Tsoft:Graphical and interactive software for theanalysis of Earth tide data.//Ducarme B,Paquet P eds.Proc.13th Int.Sympos.on Earth Tides.Brussels,Observatoire Royal de Belgique,Srie Gophysique,1998:481-486.
[7]Doodson A T.The analysis of tidal observations.PhilosophicalTransactions of the Royal Society,1928,A.Acta Geodaeticaet Cartographica Sinica,1997,26(4):307-314.
[8]孙和平,徐建桥,许厚泽.我国GWR超导重力仪观测资料应用研究进展.大地测量与地球动力学,2002,22(4):106-111.Sun H P,Xu J Q,Xu H Z.Progress in application study ofgravity observations recorded with a GWR SuperconductingGravimeter in China.Crustal Deformation and Earthquake(inChinese),2002,22(4):106-111.
[9]Wang R J.Effect of rotation and ellipticity on Earth tides.Geophy J.Int.1994,117(2):562-565.
[10]Sun H P,Hsu H Z,JentZSeh G,et al.Tidal gravityobservations obtained with a superconducting gravimeter atWuhan/China and its application to geodynamics.Joumal ofGeodynamics,2002,33(1-2):187-198.
[11]徐建桥,孙和平,罗少聪.利用国际超导重力仪观测资料研究地球自由核章动.中国科学(D辑),2001,31(9):719-726.Xu J Q,Sun H P,Luo S C.Use the observation data of theinternational Superconducting Gravimeter to study the Earth’s Free Core Nutation.Science in China,Ser.D(inChinese),2001,31(9):719-726.
[12]张永红,李国营,孙和平.上地幔各向异性介质对固体潮及负荷潮的影响.地球物理学报,1999,42(3):333-340.Zhang Y H,Li G Y,Sun H P.Study of the influence of theanisotropic medium in upper mantle on Earth tides andLoading tides.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1999,42(3):333-340.
[13]李国营,彭龙辉,许厚泽.自转微椭、非均匀地球的潮汐变形.地球物理学报,1996,39(5):672-678.Li G Y,Peng L H,Xu H Z.Tidal deformation of a Self-rotating,Elliptical,Heterogeneous earth.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1996,39(5):672-678.
[14]李辉,李瑞浩.固体潮观测数据的滤波预处理方法.地壳形变与地震,1994,14(1):23-31.Li H,Li R H.Filter preprocessing method for the data ofEarth tide.Crustal Deformation and Earthquake(inChinese),1994 14(1):23-31.
[15]李瑞浩,孙和平,陈冬生等.重力潮汐观测资料的改正和异常背景值的显示问题.地震学报,1991,13(2):259-269.Li R H,Sun H P,Chen D S,et al.On the correction toobservation of gravity tides and the indication of gravityanomaly.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),1991,13(2):259-269.
[16]Sun H P,Xu H Z,Ducarme B,et al.Comprehensivecomparison and analysis of the tidal gravity observationsobtained with superconducting gravimeters at stations inChina,Belgium and France.Chinese Science Bulletin,1999,44(8):750-755.
[17]孙和平,许厚泽,陈武等.香港地区重力固体潮和海潮负荷特征研究.地球物理学报,2006,49(3):724-734.Sun H P,Xu H Z,Chen W,et al.Study of Earth’sgravitytide and ocean loading characteristics in Hong Kong area.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(3):724-734.
[18]Godin G.The Analysis of Tides.London:University ofToronto Press,1972:94.
[19]徐剑桥,周江存,罗少聪等.武汉台重力长期变化特征研究.科学通报,2008,53(5):583-588.Xu J Q,Zhou J C,Luo S C,et al.The study of a long-termchange characteristics of gravity in Wuhan station.ChineseScience Bulletin(in Chinese),2008,53(5):583-588.
[20]陈晓东,孙和平.一种新的重力潮汐数据预处理和分析方法.大地测量与地球动力学,2002,22(3):83-87.Chen X D,Sun H P.New method for pre-processing andanalyzing tidal gravity observations.Journal of Geodesy andGeodynamics(in Chinese),2002,22(3):83-87.
[21]徐建桥.重力固体潮汐理论及分析方法——武昌台超导重力仪观测资料的分析处理.武汉:中国科学院测量与地球物理研究所,1997.Xu J Q.The Theory and Analysis of Gravity Tidal——Superconducting Gravimeter Data Analysis and Proccessing inWuchang Station(in Chinese).Wuhan:Institute of Geodesyand Geophysics.Chinese Academy of Sciences,1997.
[22]徐华君,柳林涛,许厚泽等.利用小波分析重力的长期变化.地球物理学报,2008,51(3):735-742.Xu H J,Liu L T,Xu H Z,et al.Wavelet approach to studythe secular gravity variation.Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2008,51(3):735-742.
[23]孙和平,许厚泽,周江存等.武汉超导重力仪观测最新结果和海潮模型研究.地球物理学报,2005,48(2):299-307.Sun H P,Xu H Z,Zhou J C,et al.Latest observationresults from superconducting gravimeter at station Wuhanand investigation of the ocean tide models.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(2):299-307.
[24]徐剑桥,许厚泽,孙和平等.武汉基准台超导重力仪重力潮汐观测结果.测绘学报,1997,26(4):307-314.Xu J Q,Xu H Z,Sun H P,et al.Results of tidal gravityobservations with a superconducting gravimeter at Wuhanfundmental station.Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica(in Chinese),1997,26(4):307-314.
[25]孙和平,罗少聪.大气重力信号的理论计算及其检测.地球物理学报,1998,41(5):634-640.Sun H P,Luo S C.Theoretical computation and detection ofthe Atmospheric Gravity signals.Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),1998,41(5):634-640.
[26]罗少聪,孙和平,徐建桥.大气变化对位移、重力和倾斜观测影响的理论计算.地球物理学报,2005,48(6):1288-1294.Luo S C,Sun H P,Xu J Q.Theoretical computation of thebarometric pressure effects on deformation,gravity and tilt.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(6):1288-1294.
[27]孙和平,罗少聪.地球物理场观测中的大气效应问题研究.地球物理学进展,2002,17(3):507-513.Sun H P,Luo S C.Study of the atmospheric pressureinfluence on geophysical observations.Progress inGeophysics(in Chinese),2002,17(3):507-513.
[28]孙和平,许厚泽,Ducarme B,Hinderer J.中比法三国超导重力仪潮汐观测资料综合对比分析与研究.科学通报,1998,43(13):1433-1438.Sun H P,Xu H Z,Ducarme B,Hinderer J.Thecomprehensive comparative analysis and research onSuperconducting gravimeter tidal observation data in China,Belgium and France.Chinese Science Bulletin(in Chinese),1998,43(13):1433-1438.
[29]陈晓东,孙和平.重力潮汐观测数据分析方法的比较与研究.//大地测量与地球动力学进展论文集.湖北:湖北科技出版社,2004.Chen X D,Sun H P.The comparison and analysis to themethod of tidal gravity observation processing.//Journal ofGeodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese).Hubei:HubeiTechnology Press,2004.
[30]王旭升,王广才,董建楠.断裂带地下水位的降雨动态模型及异常识别.地震学报,2010,32(5):570-578.Wang X S,Wang G C,Dong J N.Simulation of groundwaterregime in response to rainfall and identification of anomaliesin a fault zone.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2010,32(5):570-578.
[2]许厚泽.固体地球潮汐.湖北:湖北科学技术出版社,2010:111-113.Xu H Z.Solid Earth Tides(in Chinese).Hubei:Science andTechnology Press,2010:111-113.
[3]张晶,郗钦文,杨林章等.引潮力与潮汐应力对强震触发的研究.地球物理学报,2007,50(2):448-454.Zhang J,Xi Q W,Yang L Z,et al.A study on tidal force/stress triggering of strong earthquakes.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(2):448-454.
[4]Van Camp M,Vauterin P.Tsoft:graphical and interactivesoftware for the analysis of time series and Earth tides.Computers&Geosciences,2005,31(5):631-640.
[5]孙和平,许厚泽.国际地球动力学合作项目的实施与展望.地球科学进展,1997,12(2):152-157.Sun H P,Xu H Z.Execution and prospect for the globalGeodynamics project cooperation.Advance in Earth Sciences(in Chinese),1997,12(2):152-157.
[6]Vauterin P.Tsoft:Graphical and interactive software for theanalysis of Earth tide data.//Ducarme B,Paquet P eds.Proc.13th Int.Sympos.on Earth Tides.Brussels,Observatoire Royal de Belgique,Srie Gophysique,1998:481-486.
[7]Doodson A T.The analysis of tidal observations.PhilosophicalTransactions of the Royal Society,1928,A.Acta Geodaeticaet Cartographica Sinica,1997,26(4):307-314.
[8]孙和平,徐建桥,许厚泽.我国GWR超导重力仪观测资料应用研究进展.大地测量与地球动力学,2002,22(4):106-111.Sun H P,Xu J Q,Xu H Z.Progress in application study ofgravity observations recorded with a GWR SuperconductingGravimeter in China.Crustal Deformation and Earthquake(inChinese),2002,22(4):106-111.
[9]Wang R J.Effect of rotation and ellipticity on Earth tides.Geophy J.Int.1994,117(2):562-565.
[10]Sun H P,Hsu H Z,JentZSeh G,et al.Tidal gravityobservations obtained with a superconducting gravimeter atWuhan/China and its application to geodynamics.Joumal ofGeodynamics,2002,33(1-2):187-198.
[11]徐建桥,孙和平,罗少聪.利用国际超导重力仪观测资料研究地球自由核章动.中国科学(D辑),2001,31(9):719-726.Xu J Q,Sun H P,Luo S C.Use the observation data of theinternational Superconducting Gravimeter to study the Earth’s Free Core Nutation.Science in China,Ser.D(inChinese),2001,31(9):719-726.
[12]张永红,李国营,孙和平.上地幔各向异性介质对固体潮及负荷潮的影响.地球物理学报,1999,42(3):333-340.Zhang Y H,Li G Y,Sun H P.Study of the influence of theanisotropic medium in upper mantle on Earth tides andLoading tides.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1999,42(3):333-340.
[13]李国营,彭龙辉,许厚泽.自转微椭、非均匀地球的潮汐变形.地球物理学报,1996,39(5):672-678.Li G Y,Peng L H,Xu H Z.Tidal deformation of a Self-rotating,Elliptical,Heterogeneous earth.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1996,39(5):672-678.
[14]李辉,李瑞浩.固体潮观测数据的滤波预处理方法.地壳形变与地震,1994,14(1):23-31.Li H,Li R H.Filter preprocessing method for the data ofEarth tide.Crustal Deformation and Earthquake(inChinese),1994 14(1):23-31.
[15]李瑞浩,孙和平,陈冬生等.重力潮汐观测资料的改正和异常背景值的显示问题.地震学报,1991,13(2):259-269.Li R H,Sun H P,Chen D S,et al.On the correction toobservation of gravity tides and the indication of gravityanomaly.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),1991,13(2):259-269.
[16]Sun H P,Xu H Z,Ducarme B,et al.Comprehensivecomparison and analysis of the tidal gravity observationsobtained with superconducting gravimeters at stations inChina,Belgium and France.Chinese Science Bulletin,1999,44(8):750-755.
[17]孙和平,许厚泽,陈武等.香港地区重力固体潮和海潮负荷特征研究.地球物理学报,2006,49(3):724-734.Sun H P,Xu H Z,Chen W,et al.Study of Earth’sgravitytide and ocean loading characteristics in Hong Kong area.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(3):724-734.
[18]Godin G.The Analysis of Tides.London:University ofToronto Press,1972:94.
[19]徐剑桥,周江存,罗少聪等.武汉台重力长期变化特征研究.科学通报,2008,53(5):583-588.Xu J Q,Zhou J C,Luo S C,et al.The study of a long-termchange characteristics of gravity in Wuhan station.ChineseScience Bulletin(in Chinese),2008,53(5):583-588.
[20]陈晓东,孙和平.一种新的重力潮汐数据预处理和分析方法.大地测量与地球动力学,2002,22(3):83-87.Chen X D,Sun H P.New method for pre-processing andanalyzing tidal gravity observations.Journal of Geodesy andGeodynamics(in Chinese),2002,22(3):83-87.
[21]徐建桥.重力固体潮汐理论及分析方法——武昌台超导重力仪观测资料的分析处理.武汉:中国科学院测量与地球物理研究所,1997.Xu J Q.The Theory and Analysis of Gravity Tidal——Superconducting Gravimeter Data Analysis and Proccessing inWuchang Station(in Chinese).Wuhan:Institute of Geodesyand Geophysics.Chinese Academy of Sciences,1997.
[22]徐华君,柳林涛,许厚泽等.利用小波分析重力的长期变化.地球物理学报,2008,51(3):735-742.Xu H J,Liu L T,Xu H Z,et al.Wavelet approach to studythe secular gravity variation.Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2008,51(3):735-742.
[23]孙和平,许厚泽,周江存等.武汉超导重力仪观测最新结果和海潮模型研究.地球物理学报,2005,48(2):299-307.Sun H P,Xu H Z,Zhou J C,et al.Latest observationresults from superconducting gravimeter at station Wuhanand investigation of the ocean tide models.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(2):299-307.
[24]徐剑桥,许厚泽,孙和平等.武汉基准台超导重力仪重力潮汐观测结果.测绘学报,1997,26(4):307-314.Xu J Q,Xu H Z,Sun H P,et al.Results of tidal gravityobservations with a superconducting gravimeter at Wuhanfundmental station.Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica(in Chinese),1997,26(4):307-314.
[25]孙和平,罗少聪.大气重力信号的理论计算及其检测.地球物理学报,1998,41(5):634-640.Sun H P,Luo S C.Theoretical computation and detection ofthe Atmospheric Gravity signals.Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),1998,41(5):634-640.
[26]罗少聪,孙和平,徐建桥.大气变化对位移、重力和倾斜观测影响的理论计算.地球物理学报,2005,48(6):1288-1294.Luo S C,Sun H P,Xu J Q.Theoretical computation of thebarometric pressure effects on deformation,gravity and tilt.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(6):1288-1294.
[27]孙和平,罗少聪.地球物理场观测中的大气效应问题研究.地球物理学进展,2002,17(3):507-513.Sun H P,Luo S C.Study of the atmospheric pressureinfluence on geophysical observations.Progress inGeophysics(in Chinese),2002,17(3):507-513.
[28]孙和平,许厚泽,Ducarme B,Hinderer J.中比法三国超导重力仪潮汐观测资料综合对比分析与研究.科学通报,1998,43(13):1433-1438.Sun H P,Xu H Z,Ducarme B,Hinderer J.Thecomprehensive comparative analysis and research onSuperconducting gravimeter tidal observation data in China,Belgium and France.Chinese Science Bulletin(in Chinese),1998,43(13):1433-1438.
[29]陈晓东,孙和平.重力潮汐观测数据分析方法的比较与研究.//大地测量与地球动力学进展论文集.湖北:湖北科技出版社,2004.Chen X D,Sun H P.The comparison and analysis to themethod of tidal gravity observation processing.//Journal ofGeodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese).Hubei:HubeiTechnology Press,2004.
[30]王旭升,王广才,董建楠.断裂带地下水位的降雨动态模型及异常识别.地震学报,2010,32(5):570-578.Wang X S,Wang G C,Dong J N.Simulation of groundwaterregime in response to rainfall and identification of anomaliesin a fault zone.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2010,32(5):570-578.
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