新疆乌鲁木齐04号井数字化水位同震阶变的研究
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摘要
本文通过对新04井2001年7月数字化改造以来水位同震变化观测资料分析、地震活动性对比和井孔地质构造条件等的综合研究,得到以下认识:①无论地震的方位和震源机制如何,新04井水位同震变化总是具有下降-回升的变化规律;井水位同震下降幅度随震级的增大而增大,随井震距的增大而减小,三者之间有良好的相关性。②新04井水位同震响应能力受本地应力状态的影响,当井区附近孕震时,断层受到挤压闭锁,透水能力下降,井水位同震响应能力降低;地震发生后,断层解锁,透水能力恢复,井水位同震响应能力也恢复到正常状态。③新04井位于断裂交汇区,岩石破碎,裂隙节理发育,井孔穿过断层破碎带,具备水位同震下降的地质背景条件;受7级以上强震S波或面波的激发,穿过井孔的断层发生张合作用或蠕动,引起井水外泄可能是井水位同震下降变化的原因。
The authors analysis coseismic changes of water level based on digital observation from Xin-04 well since July 2001,seismicity and geological structure near the well.The result shows:① The cosismic changes of water level are consistently following the process of drop-recovery regardless of epicentral directions or focal mechanism of earthquakes.The amplitude of water level drops increases with the earthquake magnitude,and decreases with epicentral distances.They have rather well correlation.② The response of Xin-04 well to seismic wave may be affected by the local stress state.When a moderate earthquake is prepared near the well,the fault is compressed and locked causing the ability of permeability and response to earthquake decreases.After the earthquake,the fault is unlocked and the ability of response to earthquake recovers.③ The Xin-04 well is located in the intersections between faults where much fissure and joint exist in fragmental rock.The well passes through broken fractures,having the geological background of water coseismic drop;the fault opening-closing or creep slipping caused by S wave or surface wave of M > 7.0 earthquake leads to water flowing out,which may be the main factor of water coseismic drop.
The authors analysis coseismic changes of water level based on digital observation from Xin-04 well since July 2001,seismicity and geological structure near the well.The result shows:① The cosismic changes of water level are consistently following the process of drop-recovery regardless of epicentral directions or focal mechanism of earthquakes.The amplitude of water level drops increases with the earthquake magnitude,and decreases with epicentral distances.They have rather well correlation.② The response of Xin-04 well to seismic wave may be affected by the local stress state.When a moderate earthquake is prepared near the well,the fault is compressed and locked causing the ability of permeability and response to earthquake decreases.After the earthquake,the fault is unlocked and the ability of response to earthquake recovers.③ The Xin-04 well is located in the intersections between faults where much fissure and joint exist in fragmental rock.The well passes through broken fractures,having the geological background of water coseismic drop;the fault opening-closing or creep slipping caused by S wave or surface wave of M > 7.0 earthquake leads to water flowing out,which may be the main factor of water coseismic drop.
引文
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Quilty E.G.,Roeloffs E.A.,1997,Water level changes in response to the December20,1994M4.7earthquake near Parkfield,California,Bull Seism.Soc.Am.,87,310～317.
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黄辅琼、迟恭财、徐桂明等,2000,大陆地下流体对台湾南投7.6级地震的响应研究,地震,2000,20(增刊),119～125。
付虹、刘丽芳、王世芹等,2002,地方震及近震地下水同震震后效应研究,地震,22(4),55～66。
高小其、许秋龙、兰陵等,2002,新04号井、新10号井水位和新10号泉流量地震前兆特征的对比分析,内陆地震,16(4),346～354。
刘耀炜、杨选辉、刘用铭等,2005,地下流体苏门答腊8.7级地震的响应特征,见:中国地震局监测预报司,2004年印度尼
西亚苏门答腊8.7大地震及其对中国大陆地区的影响,131-258,北京:地震出版社。
唐小勇、王新刚、黄建明等,2005,乌鲁木齐台2004年印尼苏门答腊特大地震钻孔应变观测报告,地壳构造与地壳应力,2,14～15。
汪一鹏、沈军,2000,天山北麓活动构造基本特征,新疆地质,18(3),203～210。
汪成民、李宣瑚、王铁城等,1990,中国地下水动态观测网,169～171,北京:地震出版社。
伍致中、郭富贤,1991,再论博格达推覆构造与油气,新疆地质,9(1):40～49。
杨竹转、邓志辉、赵云旭等,2005,云南思茅大寨井水位同震阶变的初步研究,地震学报,27(5),569～574。
杨竹转,2004,地震引起的地下水位变化及其机理初步研究,硕士论文,北京:中国地震局地质研究所
鱼金子、车用太、王爱英等,1995,大同-阳高地震前静乐井水位记震能力的异常及其意义,山西地震,80,50～53。
张昭栋、迟镇乐、陈会民等,2000,井水位的振荡与地震波,地震研究,23(4),418～425。
庄光国,1999,台湾海峡7.3级地震水震波特征研究,地震,19(2),199～203。
Brodsky E.E.,Roeloffs E.A.,Woodcock D,et al,2003,A mechanism for sustained groundwater pressure changes induced bydistant earthquakes,J.Geophys.Res.,108(B8),2390,doi:10.1029/2002JB002321.
David R.Montgomery,Michael Manga,2003,Streamflow and water well responses to earthquakes.Science,300(27):2047～2049.
King C.Y.,Azuma S.,Igarashi G.,et al,1999,Earthquake-related water-level changes at16closely clustered wells in Tono,central Japan,J.Geophys.Res.,104(B6):13073～13082.
Quilty E.G.,Roeloffs E.A.,1997,Water level changes in response to the December20,1994M4.7earthquake near Parkfield,California,Bull Seism.Soc.Am.,87,310～317.
Roeloffs E.A.,1998,Persistent water level changes in a well near Parkfield California,due to local and distant earthquakes,J.Geophys.Res.,103(B1):869～889.
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