散射波速度分析方法在南华北盆地破碎地层发育区的应用
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摘要
针对南华北盆地中、深层断裂发育,地层倾角较大,断块非常破碎,地震波场中反射波、绕射波等多种波发育,目的层速度分析困难,成像精度低等难题,本文在阐明散射波速度分析原理的基础上,介绍了在破碎地层发育区采用散射波速度分析方法,建立叠前时间偏移速度场的方法和应用效果。分析表明,共散射点道集具有明显的优点:①共散射点道集的覆盖次数远远高于CMP道集;②散射波呈双曲线分布,双曲线顶点总是指向真实散射点。这种特点为准确拾取速度提供了条件。对比散射波速度谱和常规速度谱可以看出,散射波速度谱的质量明显优于常规速度谱。实际应用表明,散射波速度分析方法能够高效、客观地建立叠前时间偏移速度模型,改善成像效果。
Seismic imaging in the southern part,North China Basin faces a few difficulties such as complex faults,steep-dipping broken formations,complicated wave fields,target inaccurate velocity and poor imaging.To solve these problems,we introduce in this paper a scattered wave velocity analysis method for pre-stack time migration velocity field based on the scattering principle.We also demonstrate its implementation procedures and application results in a broken formations zone.The analysis shows that common scattered point(CSP) gathers have significant advantages.The fold of CSP gathers is much higher than that of common mid-point(CMP) gathers,as well as the travel-time curve of scattered wave in CSP gathers is hyperbola,whose apex directs real scattered points,which makes it possible to extract accurately the velocity of scattered wave.It is clear that the quality of scattered wave velocity spectrum is much better than that of traditional velocity spectrum.The application results indicate that the scattered wave velocity analysis method could be used to build accurate migration velocity models and improve imaging of steep-dipping broken formations.
Seismic imaging in the southern part,North China Basin faces a few difficulties such as complex faults,steep-dipping broken formations,complicated wave fields,target inaccurate velocity and poor imaging.To solve these problems,we introduce in this paper a scattered wave velocity analysis method for pre-stack time migration velocity field based on the scattering principle.We also demonstrate its implementation procedures and application results in a broken formations zone.The analysis shows that common scattered point(CSP) gathers have significant advantages.The fold of CSP gathers is much higher than that of common mid-point(CMP) gathers,as well as the travel-time curve of scattered wave in CSP gathers is hyperbola,whose apex directs real scattered points,which makes it possible to extract accurately the velocity of scattered wave.It is clear that the quality of scattered wave velocity spectrum is much better than that of traditional velocity spectrum.The application results indicate that the scattered wave velocity analysis method could be used to build accurate migration velocity models and improve imaging of steep-dipping broken formations.
引文
[1]z Yilmaz.Seismic Data Analysis.Society of Explora-tion Geophysicists,2002
[2]尹军杰.地震散射波场特征的数值模拟研究[博士学位论文].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2005Junjie Yin.A Study on Seismic Scattered Wave Char-acteristics by Numerical Simulating[D].A Disserta-tion Submitted to China University of Geosciences ofBeijing for Doctoral Degree,2005
[3]Bancroft J C,Geiger H D,Margrave G F.The equiva-lent offset method of prestack time migration.Geo-physics,1998,63(6):2042～2053
[4]解东宁,周立发.南华北地区石炭—二叠纪煤系生烃潜力与二次生烃探讨.煤田地质与勘探,2006,34(1):30～33Xie Dongning and Zhou Lifa.Discussion on hydrocar-bon generation potential and secondary hydrocarbongeneration of organic matter from permo-carboniferouscoal measures in the southern North China.Coal Geolo-gy&Exploration,2006,34(1):30～33
[5]吴如山,安艺敬一著;李裕澈,卢寿德等译.地震波的散射衰减.北京:地震出版社,1993,1～50
[6]徐汉林,赵宗举,吕福亮等.南华北地区的构造演化与含油气性.大地构造与成矿学,2004,28(4):450～463Xu Hanlin,Zhao Zongju,Lv Fuliang et al.Tectonicevolution of the Nanhuabei area and analysis about it'spetroleum potential.Geotectonica Et Metallogenia,2004,28(4):450～463
[7]胡俊卿,严永新,吴官生等.南华北地区石炭系—二叠系有机质热演化成因类型研究.石油天然气学报(江汉石油学院学报),2005,27(5):554～556Hu Junqing,Yan Yongxin,Wu Guansheng et al.Car-boniferous-Permian organic mass thermal evolution andgenesis in south huabei area.Journal of Jianghan Pe-troleum Institute,2005,27(5):554～556
[8]勾丽敏.散射波成像处理技术研究[博士学位论文].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2007Gou Limin.A study on Scattered Wave Imaging Pro-cessing Technique[D]:A Dissertation Submitted toChina University of Geosciences of Beijing for DoctoralDegree,2007
[2]尹军杰.地震散射波场特征的数值模拟研究[博士学位论文].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2005Junjie Yin.A Study on Seismic Scattered Wave Char-acteristics by Numerical Simulating[D].A Disserta-tion Submitted to China University of Geosciences ofBeijing for Doctoral Degree,2005
[3]Bancroft J C,Geiger H D,Margrave G F.The equiva-lent offset method of prestack time migration.Geo-physics,1998,63(6):2042～2053
[4]解东宁,周立发.南华北地区石炭—二叠纪煤系生烃潜力与二次生烃探讨.煤田地质与勘探,2006,34(1):30～33Xie Dongning and Zhou Lifa.Discussion on hydrocar-bon generation potential and secondary hydrocarbongeneration of organic matter from permo-carboniferouscoal measures in the southern North China.Coal Geolo-gy&Exploration,2006,34(1):30～33
[5]吴如山,安艺敬一著;李裕澈,卢寿德等译.地震波的散射衰减.北京:地震出版社,1993,1～50
[6]徐汉林,赵宗举,吕福亮等.南华北地区的构造演化与含油气性.大地构造与成矿学,2004,28(4):450～463Xu Hanlin,Zhao Zongju,Lv Fuliang et al.Tectonicevolution of the Nanhuabei area and analysis about it'spetroleum potential.Geotectonica Et Metallogenia,2004,28(4):450～463
[7]胡俊卿,严永新,吴官生等.南华北地区石炭系—二叠系有机质热演化成因类型研究.石油天然气学报(江汉石油学院学报),2005,27(5):554～556Hu Junqing,Yan Yongxin,Wu Guansheng et al.Car-boniferous-Permian organic mass thermal evolution andgenesis in south huabei area.Journal of Jianghan Pe-troleum Institute,2005,27(5):554～556
[8]勾丽敏.散射波成像处理技术研究[博士学位论文].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2007Gou Limin.A study on Scattered Wave Imaging Pro-cessing Technique[D]:A Dissertation Submitted toChina University of Geosciences of Beijing for DoctoralDegree,2007
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