长白山火山区壳幔S波速度结构研究
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摘要
利用面波层析成像和远震接收函数方法对长白山地区的地壳上地幔速度结构进行了研究。结果表明:长白山火山区附近存在岩石圈减薄、上地幔软流圈增厚以及上地幔S波速度降低等与上地幔高温物质有关的现象,它表明长白山的岩浆系统一直延伸到上地幔软流圈范围。天池火山区地壳内部存在明显的S波低速层,在离天池火山口较近的WQD台附近,低速层顶部埋深约8km,厚度近20km,S波最小速度约2.2km/s。在距离天池火山北部50km的EDO台地壳中没有明显的低速层。火山区S波速度结构总体表现出距离天池越近,地壳的V_P/V_S越大,低速层的厚度和幅度增加的特征,表明天池火山口附近地壳内部存在高温物质或岩浆囊。CBS台站不同方位的接收函数及反演结果表明,地表低速层厚度以及莫霍面深度存在随方位的变化。地表低速层在南部方向明显较厚,莫霍面深度在南部天池火山口方向存在小幅度抬升。CBS台站附近特殊的近地表速度结构可能是该台站记录的火山地震波形主频较低的主要因素。天池火山口附近莫霍面的小幅度抬升意味着存在与火山作用有关的壳幔物质交换通道。
The crustal and upper mantle S-wave velocity structures in Changbaishan volcanic region were obtained from surface wave tomography and teleseismic receiver function modeling.In Changbaishan region,the S-wave velocity shows a thin lithosphere,thick asthenosphere with relatively low S-wave velocity in upper mantle,which indicates the high temperature volcano system at least extends to asthenosphere. There exist distinct low velocity layers in the crust of the volcano area.Beneath WQD station near to the caldera,the low velocity layer at 8km depth is 20km thick with the lowest S-wave velocity about 2.2km/s.Beneath the EDO station located 50km north of Tianchi caldera,no obvious low velocity layer was detected in the crust.The average crustal V_p/V_s near the caldera is higher than those obtained in surrounding area.In the volcanic region,the thickness of crustal low velocity layer is greater and the lowest velocity is more obvious with the distance shorter to the caldera.It indicates the existence of the high temperature material or magma reservoir in the crust near the Tianchi caldera. The receiver functions and inversion result from different back azimuths at CBS permanent seismic station shows that the thickness of near surface low velocity layer and Moho depth change with directions. The near surface low velocity layer is obviously thicker in south direction.The Moho depth shows slightly rising in the direction of the caldera located.We consider that the special near surface velocity structure is the main cause of relatively lower prominent frequency of volcanic earthquake waveform recorded by CBS station.The slightly rising of Moho depth beneath Tianchi caldera indicates there is a material exchanging channel between magma reservoir and upper mantle.
The crustal and upper mantle S-wave velocity structures in Changbaishan volcanic region were obtained from surface wave tomography and teleseismic receiver function modeling.In Changbaishan region,the S-wave velocity shows a thin lithosphere,thick asthenosphere with relatively low S-wave velocity in upper mantle,which indicates the high temperature volcano system at least extends to asthenosphere. There exist distinct low velocity layers in the crust of the volcano area.Beneath WQD station near to the caldera,the low velocity layer at 8km depth is 20km thick with the lowest S-wave velocity about 2.2km/s.Beneath the EDO station located 50km north of Tianchi caldera,no obvious low velocity layer was detected in the crust.The average crustal V_p/V_s near the caldera is higher than those obtained in surrounding area.In the volcanic region,the thickness of crustal low velocity layer is greater and the lowest velocity is more obvious with the distance shorter to the caldera.It indicates the existence of the high temperature material or magma reservoir in the crust near the Tianchi caldera. The receiver functions and inversion result from different back azimuths at CBS permanent seismic station shows that the thickness of near surface low velocity layer and Moho depth change with directions. The near surface low velocity layer is obviously thicker in south direction.The Moho depth shows slightly rising in the direction of the caldera located.We consider that the special near surface velocity structure is the main cause of relatively lower prominent frequency of volcanic earthquake waveform recorded by CBS station.The slightly rising of Moho depth beneath Tianchi caldera indicates there is a material exchanging channel between magma reservoir and upper mantle.
引文
陈九辉,刘启元,李顺成,等.2005.青藏高原东北缘鄂尔多斯地块地壳上地幔S波速度结构[J].地球物理学报,48(2):333-342.
CHEN Jiu-hui,LIU Qi-yuan,LI Shun-cheng,et al.2005.Crust and upper mantle S wave velocity structure across northeastern Tibetan Plateau and Ordos block[J].Chinese J Geophys,48(2):333-342(in Chinese).
崔笃信,王庆良,李克,等.2007.长白山天池火山近期形变场演化过程分析[J].地球物理学报,50(6): 173l-1739.
CUI Du-xin,WANG Qing-liang,LI Ke,et al.2007.Analysis of recent deformation of Changbaishan Tianchi volcano [J].Chinese J Geophys,50(6 ):1731 - 1739(in Chinese).
黄忠贤,郑月军.1998.面波速度的Occam反演[A].见:刘光鼎院士工作50周年学术论文集.北京:科学出版社.692-704.
HUANG Zhong-xian,ZHENG Yun-jun.1998.Occam's inversion for surface wave velocities[A].In:Collected Papers for Celebrating 50 Years' Work of Academician LIU Guang-ding.Science Press,Beijing.692-704(in Chinese).
刘启元,李顺成,沈扬,等.1997.延怀盆地及其邻区地壳上地幔速度结构的宽频带地震台阵研究[J].地球物理学报,40(6):763-772.
LIU Qi-Yuan,Ll Shun-cheng,SHEN Yang,et al.1997.Broadband seismic array study of the crust and upper mantle velocity structure beneath Yanhuai Basin and its neighboring region[J].Chinese J Geophys,40(6):763-772 (in Chinese).
刘启元,李昱,陈九辉,等.2009.汶川M_s8.0地震:地壳上地幔S波速度结构的初步研究[J].地球物理学报, 52(2):309-319.
LIU Qi-yuan,LI Yu,CHEN Jiu-hui,et al.2009.Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake:Preliminary study of S-wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle[J].Chinese J Geophus,52(2):309-319(in Chinese).
刘若新,李继泰,魏海泉,等.1992.长白山天池火山:一座具潜在喷发危险的近代火山[J].地球物理学报,35 (5):661-665.
LIU Ruo-xin,Ll Ji-tai,WEl Hai-quan,et al.1992.Volcano at Tianchi Lake,Changbaishan Mt.:A modern volcano with potential danger of eruption[J].Chinese J Geophys,35(5 ):661- 665(in Chinese).
刘若新,魏海泉,李继泰,等.1998.长白山天池火山近代喷发[M].北京:科学出版社.
LIU Ruo-xin,WEI Hai-quan,LI Ji-tai,et al.1998.The Recent Eruption of Tianchi Volcano,Changbaishan[M].Science Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
明跃红,苏伟,房立华.2006.长白山天池火山地震类型及火山活动性的初步研究[J].中国地震,22(1): 56-63.
MING Yue-hong,SU Wei,FANG Li-hua.2006.A preliminary study of the types of volcanic earthquakes and volcanic activity at the Changbaishan Tianchi volcano[J].Earthquake Research in China,22(1):56-63(in Chinese).
明跃红,吴建平,苏伟.2007.长白山天池火山区的谐频事件[J].地震地质,29(3):492-501.
MING Yue-hong,WU Jian-ping,SU Wei,et al.2007.Harmonic-spectral event at Changbaishan Tianchi volcano[J]. Seismology and Geology,29(3):492-501(in Chinese).
汤吉,刘铁胜,江钊,等.1997.长白山天池火山区大地电磁测深初步观测[J].地震地质,19(2):164-170.
TANG Ji,LIU Tie-sheng,JIANG Zhao,et al.1997.Preliminary observations of the Tianchi volcano area in Changbaishan Mountains by MT method[J].Seismology and Geology,19(2):164- 170(in Chinese).
汤吉,邓前辉,赵国泽,等.2001.长白山天池火山区电性结构和岩浆系统[J].地震地质,23(2):19l-200.
TANG Ji,DENG Qian-hui,ZHAO Guo-ze,et al.2001.Electric conductivity and magma chamber at the Tianchi volcano area in Changbaishan Mountains[J].Seismology and Geology,23(2):191-200(in Chinese).
吴建平,明跃红,王椿镛.2001.云南数字地震台站下方的S波速度结构研究[J].地球物理学报,44(2): 228-230.
WU Jiang-ping,MING Yue-hong,WANG Chun-yong.2001.S wave velocity structure beneath digital seismic stations of Yunnan Province inferred from teleseismic receiver function modelling[J].Chinese J Geophys,44(2): 220-232.
吴建平,明跃红,张恒荣.等.2005.2002年夏季长白山天池火山区的地震活动研究[J].地球物理学报,48 (3):62l-628.
WU Jiang-ping,MING Yue-hong,ZHANG Heng-rong,et al.2005.Seismic activity at the Changbaishan Tianchi volca- no in the summer of 2002[J].Chinese J Geophys,48(3):684-691.
吴建平,明跃红,张恒荣,等.2007.长白山天池火山区的震群活动研究[J].地球物理学报,50(4): 1089-1096.
WU Jiang-ping,MING Yue-hong,ZHANG Heng-rong,et al.2007.Earthquake swarm activity in Changbaishan Tianchi volcano[J].Chinese J Geophys,50(4):983-946.
吴庆举,曾融生.1998.用宽频带远震接收函数研究青藏高原的地壳结构[J].地球物理学报,4l(5): 669-679.
WU Qing-ju,ZENG Rong-sheng.1998.The crustal structure of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau inferred from broadband teleseismic waveform[J].Chinese J Geophys,41(5):669-679(in Chinese).
解广轰,王俊文.1988.长白山地区新生代火山岩的岩石化学及同位素地球化学研究[J].岩石学报,4(4): 1-12.
XIE Guang-hong,WANG Jun-wen.1988.Petrochemistry and Sr,Nd,Pb-isotopic geochemistry of Cenozoic volcanic rocks,Changbaishan area,Northeast China[J].Acts Petrologica Sinica,4(4):1-12(in Chinese).
张先康,张成科,赵金仁,等.2002.长白山天池火山岩浆系统的深地震测深研究[J].地震学报,24(2): 135-143.
ZHANG Xian-kang,ZHANG Cheng-ke,ZHAO Jin-ren,et al.2002.Deep seismic sounding investigation into the deep structure of the magma system in Changbaishan-Tianchi volcano region[J].Acts Seismologica Sinica,15(2): 143-151.
赵金仁,张先康,杨卓欣,等.2003.长白山天池火山区上地壳三维速度层析成像[J].地球物理学报,46(6): 796-802.
ZHAO Jin-ren,ZHANG Xian-kang,YANG Zhuo-xin,et al.2003.3D tomography of velocity structure in upper crust beneath the Changbaishan Tianchi volcanic region[J].Chinese J Geophys,46(6):796- 802(in Chinese).
Darbyshire F A,Priestley K F,White R S,et al.2000.Crustal structure of central and northern Iceland from analysis of teleseismic receiver functions[J].Geophys J Int,143:163-184.
Dziewonski A,Bloch S,Landisman M.1969.A technique for the analysis of transient signals[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,59(1 ):427-444.
Dziewonski A,Hales A L.1972.Numerical analysis of dispersed seismic waves[A].In:Bolt B A(ed).Methods of Computational Physics,vol.11.Academic Press,New York.39-85.
Hetlanda E A,Wu F T,Song J L.2004.Crustal structure in the Changbaishan volcanic area,China,determined by modeling receiver functions[J].Tectonophysics,386:157-175.
Kennent B L N.1983.Seismic Wave Propagation in Stratified Media[M].Cambridge University Press,New York.
Langston C A.1979.Structure under Mount Rainier,Washington,inferred from teleseismic body waves[J].J Geophys Res,84(9):4749-4762.
Lei Jian-she,Dapeng Zhao.2005.P-wave tomography and origin of the Changbai intraplate volcano in Northeast Asia [J].Tectonophysics,397:281-295.
Wei H Q,Hong H J,Sparks R,et al.2004.Potential hazards of eruptions around the Tianchi caldera lake,China[J]. Acta Geologica Sinca,78(3 ):790-794.
Wu J,Jiao W,Ming Y,et al.2006.Attenuation of coda waves at the Changbaishan Tianchi volcanic area in Northeast China[J].Pageoph,163:1351-1368.
Zhao D.2004.Global tomographic images of mantle plumes and subducting slabs:Insight into deep Earth dynamics [J].Phys Earth Planet Inter,146:3-34.
Zhu L,Kanamori H.2000.Moho depth variation in southern California from teleseismic receiver functions[J].J Geophys Res,105:2969-2980.
CHEN Jiu-hui,LIU Qi-yuan,LI Shun-cheng,et al.2005.Crust and upper mantle S wave velocity structure across northeastern Tibetan Plateau and Ordos block[J].Chinese J Geophys,48(2):333-342(in Chinese).
崔笃信,王庆良,李克,等.2007.长白山天池火山近期形变场演化过程分析[J].地球物理学报,50(6): 173l-1739.
CUI Du-xin,WANG Qing-liang,LI Ke,et al.2007.Analysis of recent deformation of Changbaishan Tianchi volcano [J].Chinese J Geophys,50(6 ):1731 - 1739(in Chinese).
黄忠贤,郑月军.1998.面波速度的Occam反演[A].见:刘光鼎院士工作50周年学术论文集.北京:科学出版社.692-704.
HUANG Zhong-xian,ZHENG Yun-jun.1998.Occam's inversion for surface wave velocities[A].In:Collected Papers for Celebrating 50 Years' Work of Academician LIU Guang-ding.Science Press,Beijing.692-704(in Chinese).
刘启元,李顺成,沈扬,等.1997.延怀盆地及其邻区地壳上地幔速度结构的宽频带地震台阵研究[J].地球物理学报,40(6):763-772.
LIU Qi-Yuan,Ll Shun-cheng,SHEN Yang,et al.1997.Broadband seismic array study of the crust and upper mantle velocity structure beneath Yanhuai Basin and its neighboring region[J].Chinese J Geophys,40(6):763-772 (in Chinese).
刘启元,李昱,陈九辉,等.2009.汶川M_s8.0地震:地壳上地幔S波速度结构的初步研究[J].地球物理学报, 52(2):309-319.
LIU Qi-yuan,LI Yu,CHEN Jiu-hui,et al.2009.Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake:Preliminary study of S-wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle[J].Chinese J Geophus,52(2):309-319(in Chinese).
刘若新,李继泰,魏海泉,等.1992.长白山天池火山:一座具潜在喷发危险的近代火山[J].地球物理学报,35 (5):661-665.
LIU Ruo-xin,Ll Ji-tai,WEl Hai-quan,et al.1992.Volcano at Tianchi Lake,Changbaishan Mt.:A modern volcano with potential danger of eruption[J].Chinese J Geophys,35(5 ):661- 665(in Chinese).
刘若新,魏海泉,李继泰,等.1998.长白山天池火山近代喷发[M].北京:科学出版社.
LIU Ruo-xin,WEI Hai-quan,LI Ji-tai,et al.1998.The Recent Eruption of Tianchi Volcano,Changbaishan[M].Science Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
明跃红,苏伟,房立华.2006.长白山天池火山地震类型及火山活动性的初步研究[J].中国地震,22(1): 56-63.
MING Yue-hong,SU Wei,FANG Li-hua.2006.A preliminary study of the types of volcanic earthquakes and volcanic activity at the Changbaishan Tianchi volcano[J].Earthquake Research in China,22(1):56-63(in Chinese).
明跃红,吴建平,苏伟.2007.长白山天池火山区的谐频事件[J].地震地质,29(3):492-501.
MING Yue-hong,WU Jian-ping,SU Wei,et al.2007.Harmonic-spectral event at Changbaishan Tianchi volcano[J]. Seismology and Geology,29(3):492-501(in Chinese).
汤吉,刘铁胜,江钊,等.1997.长白山天池火山区大地电磁测深初步观测[J].地震地质,19(2):164-170.
TANG Ji,LIU Tie-sheng,JIANG Zhao,et al.1997.Preliminary observations of the Tianchi volcano area in Changbaishan Mountains by MT method[J].Seismology and Geology,19(2):164- 170(in Chinese).
汤吉,邓前辉,赵国泽,等.2001.长白山天池火山区电性结构和岩浆系统[J].地震地质,23(2):19l-200.
TANG Ji,DENG Qian-hui,ZHAO Guo-ze,et al.2001.Electric conductivity and magma chamber at the Tianchi volcano area in Changbaishan Mountains[J].Seismology and Geology,23(2):191-200(in Chinese).
吴建平,明跃红,王椿镛.2001.云南数字地震台站下方的S波速度结构研究[J].地球物理学报,44(2): 228-230.
WU Jiang-ping,MING Yue-hong,WANG Chun-yong.2001.S wave velocity structure beneath digital seismic stations of Yunnan Province inferred from teleseismic receiver function modelling[J].Chinese J Geophys,44(2): 220-232.
吴建平,明跃红,张恒荣.等.2005.2002年夏季长白山天池火山区的地震活动研究[J].地球物理学报,48 (3):62l-628.
WU Jiang-ping,MING Yue-hong,ZHANG Heng-rong,et al.2005.Seismic activity at the Changbaishan Tianchi volca- no in the summer of 2002[J].Chinese J Geophys,48(3):684-691.
吴建平,明跃红,张恒荣,等.2007.长白山天池火山区的震群活动研究[J].地球物理学报,50(4): 1089-1096.
WU Jiang-ping,MING Yue-hong,ZHANG Heng-rong,et al.2007.Earthquake swarm activity in Changbaishan Tianchi volcano[J].Chinese J Geophys,50(4):983-946.
吴庆举,曾融生.1998.用宽频带远震接收函数研究青藏高原的地壳结构[J].地球物理学报,4l(5): 669-679.
WU Qing-ju,ZENG Rong-sheng.1998.The crustal structure of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau inferred from broadband teleseismic waveform[J].Chinese J Geophys,41(5):669-679(in Chinese).
解广轰,王俊文.1988.长白山地区新生代火山岩的岩石化学及同位素地球化学研究[J].岩石学报,4(4): 1-12.
XIE Guang-hong,WANG Jun-wen.1988.Petrochemistry and Sr,Nd,Pb-isotopic geochemistry of Cenozoic volcanic rocks,Changbaishan area,Northeast China[J].Acts Petrologica Sinica,4(4):1-12(in Chinese).
张先康,张成科,赵金仁,等.2002.长白山天池火山岩浆系统的深地震测深研究[J].地震学报,24(2): 135-143.
ZHANG Xian-kang,ZHANG Cheng-ke,ZHAO Jin-ren,et al.2002.Deep seismic sounding investigation into the deep structure of the magma system in Changbaishan-Tianchi volcano region[J].Acts Seismologica Sinica,15(2): 143-151.
赵金仁,张先康,杨卓欣,等.2003.长白山天池火山区上地壳三维速度层析成像[J].地球物理学报,46(6): 796-802.
ZHAO Jin-ren,ZHANG Xian-kang,YANG Zhuo-xin,et al.2003.3D tomography of velocity structure in upper crust beneath the Changbaishan Tianchi volcanic region[J].Chinese J Geophys,46(6):796- 802(in Chinese).
Darbyshire F A,Priestley K F,White R S,et al.2000.Crustal structure of central and northern Iceland from analysis of teleseismic receiver functions[J].Geophys J Int,143:163-184.
Dziewonski A,Bloch S,Landisman M.1969.A technique for the analysis of transient signals[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,59(1 ):427-444.
Dziewonski A,Hales A L.1972.Numerical analysis of dispersed seismic waves[A].In:Bolt B A(ed).Methods of Computational Physics,vol.11.Academic Press,New York.39-85.
Hetlanda E A,Wu F T,Song J L.2004.Crustal structure in the Changbaishan volcanic area,China,determined by modeling receiver functions[J].Tectonophysics,386:157-175.
Kennent B L N.1983.Seismic Wave Propagation in Stratified Media[M].Cambridge University Press,New York.
Langston C A.1979.Structure under Mount Rainier,Washington,inferred from teleseismic body waves[J].J Geophys Res,84(9):4749-4762.
Lei Jian-she,Dapeng Zhao.2005.P-wave tomography and origin of the Changbai intraplate volcano in Northeast Asia [J].Tectonophysics,397:281-295.
Wei H Q,Hong H J,Sparks R,et al.2004.Potential hazards of eruptions around the Tianchi caldera lake,China[J]. Acta Geologica Sinca,78(3 ):790-794.
Wu J,Jiao W,Ming Y,et al.2006.Attenuation of coda waves at the Changbaishan Tianchi volcanic area in Northeast China[J].Pageoph,163:1351-1368.
Zhao D.2004.Global tomographic images of mantle plumes and subducting slabs:Insight into deep Earth dynamics [J].Phys Earth Planet Inter,146:3-34.
Zhu L,Kanamori H.2000.Moho depth variation in southern California from teleseismic receiver functions[J].J Geophys Res,105:2969-2980.
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