玉门关段汉长城墙体结构抗震性能研究
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摘要
基于野外调查和室内试验建立了玉门关段汉长城结构的三维动力分析模型,其中以长城墙体结构中的夯土层、芦苇层和芦苇绳为主要研究对象。采用有限差分法计算了该段长城结构在地震动作用下的抗震性能。计算结果表明:在自重作用下,芦苇层与夯土层变形机制相互补充,芦苇绳的拉结作用明显,整个墙体变形合理;从墙体底部到顶部,地震波的高频成分减少,低频成分增加;在强震作用下,墙体芦苇层的最大应力远小于单根芦苇纤维的抗拉强度,处在比较安全的状态;采用格栅单元和锚索单元分别模拟芦苇层、芦苇绳是合理的。研究成果可为河西地区土遗址保护提供参考。
Based on field investigation and lab test,three-dimensional calculation model of a wall construction for Yumenguan Han Great Walls is built,in which rammed earth layers,reed layers and reed strings of the wall construction are studied.The finite-difference method is used to analyze seismic performance of the walls construction.The results show that:(1)deformation of the reed layer and the rammed earth layer is reasonable;(2)the content of high frequency in seismic wave is decreased and low frequency is increased from the bottom of the walls to its top;(3)under strong earthquake,the maximum stress of the reed layer is far less than the tensile strength of reed fiber;(4)it is rational to use geogrid element and cable element to simulate reed layer and reed string respectively.The studied results can provide a reference for the protection of earthen ruins in the northwest of China.
Based on field investigation and lab test,three-dimensional calculation model of a wall construction for Yumenguan Han Great Walls is built,in which rammed earth layers,reed layers and reed strings of the wall construction are studied.The finite-difference method is used to analyze seismic performance of the walls construction.The results show that:(1)deformation of the reed layer and the rammed earth layer is reasonable;(2)the content of high frequency in seismic wave is decreased and low frequency is increased from the bottom of the walls to its top;(3)under strong earthquake,the maximum stress of the reed layer is far less than the tensile strength of reed fiber;(4)it is rational to use geogrid element and cable element to simulate reed layer and reed string respectively.The studied results can provide a reference for the protection of earthen ruins in the northwest of China.
引文
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[2]郭永恒,邓雪松,周云.从地震震害中看“隔震现象”[J].震害防御技术,2006,1(4):319-325.Guo Yongheng,Deng Xuesong,Zhou Yun.The seismic isolation phenomenon from earthquake damage investigation[J].Technology for Earth-quake Disaster Prevention,2006,1(4):319-325.
[3]石玉成,张杰.敦煌莫高窟主要病害及防治对策[J].西北地震学报,1997,19(2):81-87.Shi Yucheng,Zhang Jie.The Dunhuang caves,main diseases and precautions against them[J].Northwest Seismological Journal,1997,19(2):81-87.
[4]姚道平,张艺峰,谢志招,等.石结构古塔抗震性能研究[J].世界地震工程,2009,25(1):111-116.Yai Daoping,Zhang Yifeng,Xie Zhizhao,et al.Study on earthquake resistant performance of ancient stone towers[J].World Earthquake Engi-neering,2009,25(1):111-116.
[5]张驭寰.古建筑勘察与探究[M].南京:江苏古籍出版社,1988.Zhang Yuhuan.Survey and Exploration of Ancient Buildings[M].Nanjing:Jiangsu Ancient Book Press,1988.
[6]黄展岳.新中国的考古发现和研究[M].北京:中国社会科学院考古研究所,1984.Huang Zhanyue.New China's Archaeological Discoveries and Research[M].Beijing:Institute of Archaeology,CASS,1984.
[7]张维华.中国长城建置考[M].北京:中华书局,1979.Zhang Weihua.Great Wall of China Survey[M].Beijing:Chinese Publishing House,1979.
[8]罗哲文.长城[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2008.Luo Zhewen.Great Wall[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2008.
[9]李并成.敦煌境内的长城和古城遗址[M].甘肃:甘肃人民出版社,2000.Li Bingcheng.The Great Wall and Ancient Ruins in Dunhuang[M].Gansu:Gansu People's Press,2000.
[10]赵明霞.浅谈土遗址加固保护的措施[J].山西建筑,2008,34(8):144-145.Zhao Mingxia.On reinforcement and conservation measures of earthen archaeological site[J].Shanxi Architecture,2008,34(8):144-145.
[11]赵海英.甘肃境内战国秦长城和汉长城保护研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(8):5-6.Zhao Haiying.Study on conservation the GREATWALL of the QIN Dynasty at the warring states period and the HAN Dynasty in Sansu province[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(8):5-6.
[12]熊兵.土遗址加固与保护[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2008.Xiong Bing.Protection and reinforcement of earthen site[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,2008.
[13]赵海英,李最雄,韩文峰,等.西北干旱区土遗址的主要病害及成因[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(增2):2875-2880.Zhao Haiying,Li Zuixiong,Han Wenfeng,et al.Main disease and their causes of earthen ruins in arid region of northwestern China[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(增2):2875-2880.
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