泥岩墙成像的关键处理技术
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摘要
泥岩墙是一种特殊岩性构造,具有纵向构造幅度小、条带分布窄等特点,是块状岩性储层的典型代表。为了准确刻画泥岩墙横向边界和纵向厚度,要求地震资料具有较高的纵、横向分辨率和保真度。一般岩性处理方法的关键在于保幅保真,但往往造成分辨率较低;而高分辨率地震处理方法在提高分辨率的同时,又损失了振幅保真性。本文在分析地震资料处理中影响振幅保真性和分辨率的主要处理技术基础上,从地表一致性振幅处理、CRP道集调谐反褶积和弯曲射线叠前时间偏移等关键技术入手,通过地球物理模型分析不同技术对岩性处理结果的影响,并结合实际地震资料处理,探索出适用于泥岩墙等薄互层成像的岩性处理技术。
The mudstone wall is a special lithologic structure with low amplitude and narrow range,and also a typical representative of massive lithologic reservoir.In order to accurately portray its boundaries and thickness,seismic processing result needs to represent higher vertical and horizontal resolutions and fidelity.Generally,lithologic processing of seismic data unilaterally hinges on preservation of relative amplitudes,but often leads to lower resolution,and conventional high-resolution processing intentionally improves the resolution,yet accompanied by the loss of fidelity.In this paper,three key technologies influencing seismic resolutions and fidelity are first analyzed on a geophysical model,including surface consistent amplitude,harmonizer deconvolution on common reflection point(CRP) and curved-ray Kirchhoff prestack time migration(PSTM),and the technologies can then be concluded to adapt to imaging the mudstone wall.A case proves that the key technologies are available for mudstone wall imaging and have a wide prospect in low-amplitude structure and lithologic reservoir processing.
The mudstone wall is a special lithologic structure with low amplitude and narrow range,and also a typical representative of massive lithologic reservoir.In order to accurately portray its boundaries and thickness,seismic processing result needs to represent higher vertical and horizontal resolutions and fidelity.Generally,lithologic processing of seismic data unilaterally hinges on preservation of relative amplitudes,but often leads to lower resolution,and conventional high-resolution processing intentionally improves the resolution,yet accompanied by the loss of fidelity.In this paper,three key technologies influencing seismic resolutions and fidelity are first analyzed on a geophysical model,including surface consistent amplitude,harmonizer deconvolution on common reflection point(CRP) and curved-ray Kirchhoff prestack time migration(PSTM),and the technologies can then be concluded to adapt to imaging the mudstone wall.A case proves that the key technologies are available for mudstone wall imaging and have a wide prospect in low-amplitude structure and lithologic reservoir processing.
引文
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[3]田新琦,魏春光,何雨丹,陈霞.前陆盆地斜坡带低幅度构造地球物理识别技术.地球物理学进展,2009,24(5):1794～1800Tian Xinqi,Wei Chunguang,He Yudan,Chen Xia.Geophysical technique for detecting low-relief trap onthe slope of foreland basin.Progress in Geophysics,2009,24(5):1794～1800
[4]方光建,曾永军,孔令洪.南美前陆盆地斜坡带低幅度构造的识别方法.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(增刊1):134～136Fang Guangjian,Zeng Yongjun,Kong Linghong.I-dentification method of low-amplitude structure inslope zone of south-American foreland basin.OGP,2010,45(Sup 1):134～136
[5]熊定钰,赵海珍,陈海云等.保持地震记录叠前AVO属性的噪声衰减方法.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(6):857～860Xiong Dingyu,Zhao Haizhen,Chen Haiyun et al.Noise attenuation based on the preserved pre-stackAVO attribute.OGP,2010,45(6):857～860
[6]凌云,高军,张汝杰.地表一致性变预测步长反褶积与沙丘鸣震的压制.石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(1):23～31Ling Yun,Gao Jun,Zhang Rujie.Surface consistentdeconvolution with variable predictive distance andreverberation’s suppression of land dune.OGP,1998,33(1):23～31
[7]朱洪昌,朱莉,玄长虹等.运用高分辨率地震资料处理技术识别薄储层及微幅构造.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(增刊1):90～93Zhu Hongchang,Zhu li,Xuan Changhong et al.Ap-plication of high resolution seismic data processingtechnique to identify thin reservoir and low structure.OGP,2010,45(Sup 1):90～93
[8]John C Bancroft.A Practical Understanding of Pre-and Poststack Migration(Vol 1).SEG,2007
[9]John C Bancroft.A Practical Understanding of Pre-and Poststack Migration(Vol 2).SEG,2007
[10]Peacock K L and Treitel S.Predictive deconvolution:theory and practice.Geophysics,1969,34(2):155～169
[11]王翠华,何光明,朱敏,王平.相对振幅保持技术在三维连片地震资料处理中的应用.石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(增刊1):12～18Wang Cuihua,He Guangming,Zhu Min,WangPing.Application of relative amplitude preservingtechnique to block-jointed together processing of 3Dseismic data.OGP,2008,43(Sup 1):12～18
[12]王小卫,姚姚,吕彬,程庆.弯曲射线走时计算方法在Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移中的应用.天然气地球科学,2010,21(5):855～858Wang Xiaowei,Yao Yao,Lv Bin,Cheng Qing.Ap-plication of curved-ray Kirchhoff prestack time migra-tion.Natural Gas Geoscience,2010,21(5):855～858
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