鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区长8油层组浅水三角洲沉积特征
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摘要
鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区上三叠统长8油层组构造稳定,气候湿润,坡度仅为0.1°,具备形成浅水三角洲的地质条件.通过大量岩心观察和地震反射特征分析,并结合现代浅水湖泊沉积特征,综合研究认为,陇东地区长8沉积时期水体较浅,发育浅水三角洲沉积.其主要沉积特征为:岩石成分成熟度较低,结构成熟度中等,粒度概率曲线表现出明显的牵引流特征;三角洲前缘河口坝和重力流沉积不发育,河道频繁分叉改道,延伸较远,砂体规模较大;浅水三角洲前缘相带分布范围广,与三角洲平原之间无明显的坡折带,不具备吉尔伯特型三角洲的三元结构.浅水三角洲前缘分流河道砂体分布广泛,纵横叠置,其成藏条件优越,利于岩性油气藏的形成.
The Chang 8oil-bearing interval of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the north-western Ordos Basin was de- posited in a stable tectonic setting and it was favorable in terms of geological condition for the shallow-water deltas with the hu- mid climate and the slope gradient at only 0.1°.It is found that shallow water delta was developed during Chang 8deposition by agreat number of core observations,seismic reflection characteristics analysis and modern shallow water lake sediments.It is chcharacterized with low component maturity and middle textural maturity,traction current deposits indicated by grain-size probability curves.In the study area,the mouth bar and the gravity flow deposits are not well developed,and the river has been branched off or diverted frequently due to the lake water obstruction and are widely distributed to a long distance with lar- ger scales.The delta front facies belt is characterized by its wide distribution,the gently connecting of delta plain and delta front with no obvious transition.And three-member structure of the Gilbert Delta is not developed.Therefore,the sandbodies of distributary channels are widely distributed,overlapping vertically,and extending laterally,which is favorable for the forma- tion of lithologic hydrocarbon reservoir.
The Chang 8oil-bearing interval of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the north-western Ordos Basin was de- posited in a stable tectonic setting and it was favorable in terms of geological condition for the shallow-water deltas with the hu- mid climate and the slope gradient at only 0.1°.It is found that shallow water delta was developed during Chang 8deposition by agreat number of core observations,seismic reflection characteristics analysis and modern shallow water lake sediments.It is chcharacterized with low component maturity and middle textural maturity,traction current deposits indicated by grain-size probability curves.In the study area,the mouth bar and the gravity flow deposits are not well developed,and the river has been branched off or diverted frequently due to the lake water obstruction and are widely distributed to a long distance with lar- ger scales.The delta front facies belt is characterized by its wide distribution,the gently connecting of delta plain and delta front with no obvious transition.And three-member structure of the Gilbert Delta is not developed.Therefore,the sandbodies of distributary channels are widely distributed,overlapping vertically,and extending laterally,which is favorable for the forma- tion of lithologic hydrocarbon reservoir.
引文
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Fisk,H.N.,Kolb,C.R.,McFarlan,E.,et al.,1954.Sedimentary Framework of the Modern Mississippi Delta.Journal of Sedimentary Research,24(2):76-99.
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Li,Y.H.,Liu,C.Y.,Du,Y.G.,et al.,2009.Sedimentary Characteristics of Shallow Water Delta and Lake Shoreline Control on Sandbodies of Chang 8Oil-Bearing Interval of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in Northwestern Ordos Basin.Journal of Palaeogeography,11(3):265-274(in Chinese with English abstract).
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Olariu,C.,Bhattacharya,J.P.,2006.Terminal Distributary Channels and Delta Front Architecture of River-Dominated Delta Systems.Journal of Sedimentary Research,76(2):212-233.
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Wang,J.,2007.Shallow Oscillating Lacustrine Sediment of the Late Guantao Formation in Gudao Oilfield,Shandong Province.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,25(1):82 -89(in Chinese with English abstract).
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Xi,S.L.,Li,W.H.,Liu,X.S.,et al.,2009.Sedimentary Characteristics of Shallow Water Delta of the Lower Permian Taiyuan Formation in Shenmu Area,Ordos Basin.Journal of Palaeogeography,11(2):187-194(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang,B.H.,Bai,H.Q.,Dai,Y.Q.,et al.,2008.Provenance and Depositional Systems during the Depositional Period of Interval 8of Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in Qingyang Area,Ordos Basin.Journalof Palaeogeography,10(3):251-259(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang,Y.Y.,Zhang,P.B.,Zhang,Z.Y.,2005.Sedimentary Features and Sequence Evolution of Braided River Delta of Chang 8Oil Formation of Xifeng Oil Field in Ordos Basin.Geological Science and Technology Information,24(1):45-48(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang,C.M.,Yin,T.J.,Zhu,Y.J.,et al.,2010.ShallowWater Deltas and Models.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,28(5):933-944(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang,J.L.,Yu,H.L.,1989.Knowledge on Genesis of Shallow Lacustrine Sandbadies from HydrocarbonBearing Basins in East China.Oil&Gas Geology,10(1):40-44(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhu,W.L.,Li,J.P.,Zhou,X.H.,et al.,2008.Neogene Shallow Water Deltaic System and Large Hydrocarbon Accumulations in Bohai Bay,China.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,26(4):575-582(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhu,X.M.,Liu,Y.,Fang,Q.,et al.,2012.Formation and Sedimentary Model of Shallow Delta in Large-Scale Lake:Example from Cretaceous Quantou Formation in Sanzhao Sag,Songliao Basin.Earth Science Frontiers,19 (1):89-99(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhu,X.M.,Zhang,Y.N.,Yang,J.S.,et al.,2008.Sedimentary Characteristics of the Shallow Jurassic Braided River Delta,the Junggar Basin.Oil&Gas Geology,29(2):244-251(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zou,C.N.,Zhao,W.Z.,Zhang,X.Y.,et al.,2008.Formation and Distribution of Shallow-Water Deltas and Central-Basin Sandbodies in Large Open Depression Lake Basins.Acta Geologica Sinica,82(6):813-825(in Chinese with English abstract).
陈全红,李文厚,高永祥,等,2007.鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组深湖沉积与油气聚集意义.中国科学(D辑),37(S1):39-48.
代黎明,李建平,周心怀,等,2007.渤海海域新近系浅水三角洲沉积体系分析.岩性油气藏,19(4):75-81.
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Clifton,H.E.,1988.Sedimentologic Approaches to Paleobathymetry,with Applications to the Merced Formation of Central California.Palaios,3(5):507-522.
Dai,L.M,Li,J.P.,Zhou,X.H.,et al.,2007.Depositional System of the Neogene Shallow Water Delta in Bohai Sea Area.Lithologic Reservoirs,19(4):75-81(in Chinese with English abstract).
Donaldon,A.C.,1974.Pennsylvanian Sedimentation of Central Appalachians.Geological Society of America Special Paper,148:47-48.doi:10.1130/SPE148-p47
Fisk,H.N.,Kolb,C.R.,McFarlan,E.,et al.,1954.Sedimentary Framework of the Modern Mississippi Delta.Journal of Sedimentary Research,24(2):76-99.
Gong,S.l.,1986.Deposit of Shallow-Water Delta and Coal Accumulation Environment in Early Permian Late Stage,Yu County,Henan Province.Coal Geology&Exploration,11(2):85-91(in Chinese).
Han,X.D.,Lou,Z.H.,Yao,Y.M.,et al.,2000.Analysis of the Sedimentary Dynamic Process of the Shallow-Water Lake Delta in the Songliao Basin,Northeast China.Acta Minalogica Sinica,20(3):305-313(in Chinese with English abstract).
Han,Y.L.,Wang,C.Y.,Wang,H.H.,et al.,2009.Sedimentary Characteristics of Shallow-Water Deltas in Chang 8Subsection of Yanchang Formation,Jiyuan Area.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,27(6):1057-1064(in Chinese with English abstract).
Ji,L.M.,Wu,T.,Li,L.T.,2006.Paleoclimatic Characteristics during Sedimentary Period of Main Source Rocks of Yanchang Formation(Triassic)in Eastern Gansu.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,24(3):426-431(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li,Y.H.,Liu,C.Y.,Du,Y.G.,et al.,2009.Sedimentary Characteristics of Shallow Water Delta and Lake Shoreline Control on Sandbodies of Chang 8Oil-Bearing Interval of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in Northwestern Ordos Basin.Journal of Palaeogeography,11(3):265-274(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu,C.Z.,Xin,R.C.,Wang,G.,1998.Sedimentary Features of Shallow Water Lake Delta of Fuyu Formation in Toutai Area of Northern Songliao Basin.Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,22(1):70-72(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu,H.Q.,Li,X.B.,Wanyan,R.,et al.,2011.Palaeogeographic and Sedimentological Characteristics of the Triassic Chang 8,Ordos Basin,China.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,29(6):1086-1095(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lou,Z.H.,Lan,X.,Lu,Q.M.,et al.,1999.Controls of the Topography,Climate and Lake Level Fluctuation on the Depositional Environment of a Shallow-Water Delta—A Case Study of the Cretaceous Putaohua Reservoir in the Northern Part of Songliao Basin.Acta Geologica Sinica,73(1):83-92(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lou,Z.H.,Lu,Q.M.,Cai,X.Y.,et al.,1998.Influence of Lake Level Fluctuation on Sandbody Shapes at Shallow—Water Delta Front.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,16 (4):27-31(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lü,Z.S.,Hao,C.K.,Ma,H.B.,et al.,2003.Continental Ichnofabric Types in the Liaohe Oilfield and Their Environmental Interpretation,China.Acta Geologica Sinica,77(1):9-15(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lu,X.G.,Li,C.S.,Cai,X.Y.,et al.,1999.Depositional Characteristics and Front Facies Reservoir Framework Model in Songliao Shallow Lacustrine Delta.ActaSedimentologicaSinica,17(4):572-577(in Chinese with English abstract).
Mei,Z.C.,Lin,J.Y.,1991.Stratigraphic Pattern and Character of Skeletal Sand Bodies in Lacustrine Deltas.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,9(4):1-11(in Chinese with English abstract).
Olariu,C.,Bhattacharya,J.P.,2006.Terminal Distributary Channels and Delta Front Architecture of River-Dominated Delta Systems.Journal of Sedimentary Research,76(2):212-233.
Shen,W.X.,Fan,T.L.,Gong,X.,et al.,2010.Subtle Reservoir Exploration Practice in Non Marine Compressed Shallow Basin.Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),32(2):73-78 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Sun,H.F.,Zhou,X.H.,Peng,W.X.,et al.,2010.Lithological Reservoir Forming Patterns of Neogene Shallow Water Delta in Huanghekou Sag.Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,34(2):11-15(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang,J.,2007.Shallow Oscillating Lacustrine Sediment of the Late Guantao Formation in Gudao Oilfield,Shandong Province.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,25(1):82 -89(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang,J.G.,Wang,T.Q.,Wei,P.S.,et al.,2007.Sedimentary Mode of Shallow Lacustrine Delta of Large Continental Basin—An Example from Putaohua Formation in Northern Songliao Basin.Lithologic Reservoirs,19(2):28 -34(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xi,S.L.,Li,W.H.,Liu,X.S.,et al.,2009.Sedimentary Characteristics of Shallow Water Delta of the Lower Permian Taiyuan Formation in Shenmu Area,Ordos Basin.Journal of Palaeogeography,11(2):187-194(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang,B.H.,Bai,H.Q.,Dai,Y.Q.,et al.,2008.Provenance and Depositional Systems during the Depositional Period of Interval 8of Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in Qingyang Area,Ordos Basin.Journalof Palaeogeography,10(3):251-259(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang,Y.Y.,Zhang,P.B.,Zhang,Z.Y.,2005.Sedimentary Features and Sequence Evolution of Braided River Delta of Chang 8Oil Formation of Xifeng Oil Field in Ordos Basin.Geological Science and Technology Information,24(1):45-48(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang,C.M.,Yin,T.J.,Zhu,Y.J.,et al.,2010.ShallowWater Deltas and Models.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,28(5):933-944(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang,J.L.,Yu,H.L.,1989.Knowledge on Genesis of Shallow Lacustrine Sandbadies from HydrocarbonBearing Basins in East China.Oil&Gas Geology,10(1):40-44(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhu,W.L.,Li,J.P.,Zhou,X.H.,et al.,2008.Neogene Shallow Water Deltaic System and Large Hydrocarbon Accumulations in Bohai Bay,China.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,26(4):575-582(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhu,X.M.,Liu,Y.,Fang,Q.,et al.,2012.Formation and Sedimentary Model of Shallow Delta in Large-Scale Lake:Example from Cretaceous Quantou Formation in Sanzhao Sag,Songliao Basin.Earth Science Frontiers,19 (1):89-99(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhu,X.M.,Zhang,Y.N.,Yang,J.S.,et al.,2008.Sedimentary Characteristics of the Shallow Jurassic Braided River Delta,the Junggar Basin.Oil&Gas Geology,29(2):244-251(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zou,C.N.,Zhao,W.Z.,Zhang,X.Y.,et al.,2008.Formation and Distribution of Shallow-Water Deltas and Central-Basin Sandbodies in Large Open Depression Lake Basins.Acta Geologica Sinica,82(6):813-825(in Chinese with English abstract).
陈全红,李文厚,高永祥,等,2007.鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组深湖沉积与油气聚集意义.中国科学(D辑),37(S1):39-48.
代黎明,李建平,周心怀,等,2007.渤海海域新近系浅水三角洲沉积体系分析.岩性油气藏,19(4):75-81.
龚绍礼,1986.河南禹县早二叠世晚期浅水三角洲沉积和聚煤环境.煤田地质与勘探,11(2):85-91.
韩晓东,楼章华,姚炎明,等,2000.松辽盆地湖泊浅水三角洲沉积动力学研究.矿物学报,20(3):305-313.
韩永林,王成玉,王海红,等,2009.姬塬地区长8油层组浅水三角洲沉积特征.沉积学报,27(6):1057-1064.
吉利明,吴涛,李林涛,2006.陇东三叠系延长组主要油源岩发育时期的古气候特征.沉积学报,24(3):426-431.
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