川东南-黔北志留系石牛栏组沉积与层序地层
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摘要
基于地震、钻井及露头资料的综合分析,对川东南-黔北志留系石牛栏组及同期异相的小河坝组沉积与层序地层进行了研究。结果表明:①石牛栏组与下伏龙马溪组共同构成一个独立的三级层序,石牛栏组为高位体系域的一部分;②石牛栏组内部呈现为两个次一级的海平面升降旋回,可进一步划分为上、下两个四级层序;③台地边缘礁滩相在两个四级层序的高位体系域中均有一至两期小规模的发育,但在上部四级层序中最发育;④石牛栏组沉积期表现为台缘缓坡模式,因为台缘到斜坡没有明显坡折,加上陆源碎屑的影响,导致生物礁发育规模普遍很小,多呈点状或串珠状分布;⑤研究区内石牛栏组白云岩化作用总体上很弱,推测该时期海水盐度较低,主要由两个原因所致,一是来自南边黔中隆起及东边雪峰隆起的淡水河流注入导致研究区内海水盐度较低,二是台地边缘礁滩隆起幅度较低,无法形成相对局限的高盐度环境;⑥南川一带的小河坝组应当属于低河流能量、欠充沛物源且以悬浮搬运为主的低建设性浅水三角洲。
Based on the integrated analysis of seismic,drilling and outcrop data,this paper studied the deposition and sequence stratigraphy characteristics of Shiniulan & Xiaoheba formations in southeastern Sichuan-northern Guizhou provinces.The following results were obtained.The Shiniulan Fm and its underlying Longmaxi Formation compose a separate third-order sequence,and the Shiniulan Formation is part of a high-stand system tract.There are two sub-eustatic sea level cycles in the Shiniulan Formation,so this formation can be further divided into an upper and a lower fourth-order sequence.There are one to two development phases of platform margin reef & bank facies in the high-stand system tract of each fourth-order sequence,but the best platform reef & bank facies lies in the upper one.The bioherms developed during the deposition of the Shiniulan Formation are generally small and in scattered or beaded distribution due to the non-existence of obvious slope break between platform margin and slope as well as the dilution of terrigenous inputs.In the study area,the dolomitization of the Shiniulan Fm is very weak as a whole.It is assumed that the salinity was low in this stage mainly due to factors.The first is the input of fresh water from the central Guizhou Uplift in the south and Xuefeng Uplift in the east.The second is the low amplitude of uplift of platform margin reef & bank.The sedimentary environment of the Xiaoheba Formation in Nanchuan area should be a shallow water constructive delta with low river energy,non-well developed provenance and predominant suspension transport.
Based on the integrated analysis of seismic,drilling and outcrop data,this paper studied the deposition and sequence stratigraphy characteristics of Shiniulan & Xiaoheba formations in southeastern Sichuan-northern Guizhou provinces.The following results were obtained.The Shiniulan Fm and its underlying Longmaxi Formation compose a separate third-order sequence,and the Shiniulan Formation is part of a high-stand system tract.There are two sub-eustatic sea level cycles in the Shiniulan Formation,so this formation can be further divided into an upper and a lower fourth-order sequence.There are one to two development phases of platform margin reef & bank facies in the high-stand system tract of each fourth-order sequence,but the best platform reef & bank facies lies in the upper one.The bioherms developed during the deposition of the Shiniulan Formation are generally small and in scattered or beaded distribution due to the non-existence of obvious slope break between platform margin and slope as well as the dilution of terrigenous inputs.In the study area,the dolomitization of the Shiniulan Fm is very weak as a whole.It is assumed that the salinity was low in this stage mainly due to factors.The first is the input of fresh water from the central Guizhou Uplift in the south and Xuefeng Uplift in the east.The second is the low amplitude of uplift of platform margin reef & bank.The sedimentary environment of the Xiaoheba Formation in Nanchuan area should be a shallow water constructive delta with low river energy,non-well developed provenance and predominant suspension transport.
引文
①牟传龙.四川盆地沉积演化及其对油气控制作用研究.中石化南方分公司,2008.
[1]王津义,涂伟,曾华盛,等.黔西北地区天然气成藏地质特征[J].石油实验地质,2008,30(5):445-450.Wang Jinyi,Tu Wei,Zeng Huasheng,et al.Geologic characteristics of natural gas accumulations in the northwest of Guizhou[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2008,30(5):445-450.
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[5]李双建,周雁,肖开华,等.四川盆地东南缘习水吼滩志留系古油世藏特征[J].石油学报,2009,30(6):849-856.Li Shuangjian,Zhou Yan,Xiao Kaihua,et al.Characteristics of Silu-rian destroyed oil reservoir in Houtan section of Xishui area in sohu-theastern margin of Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolci Sinica,2009,30(6):849-856.
[6]朱志军,陈洪德,林良彪,等.黔北—川东南志留系层序格架下的沉积体系演化特征及有利区带预测[J].沉积学报,2010,28(2):243-252.Zhu Zhijun,Chen Hongde,Lin Liangbiao,et al.Depositional system evolution character istics in the framework of sequences of silurian and prediction of favorable zones in the Northern Guizhou-Southeas-tern Sichuan[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2010,28(2):243-252.
[7]许国明,王国司,石国山.黔中隆起及其南北斜坡区天然气勘探前景[J].贵州地质,2008,25(2):27-31.Xu Guoming,Wang Guosi,Shi Guoshan.The natural gas exploration prospecting in Qianzhong protrusion and its south and north slope area[J].Guizhou Geology,2008,25(2):27-31.
[8]陈洪德,庞林,倪新锋,等.中上扬子地区海相油气勘探前景[J].石油实验地质,2007,29(1):13-18.Chen Hongde,Pang Lin,Ni Xinfeng,et al.New brief remarks on hy-drocarbon prospecting of marine strata in the Middle and Upper Yang-tze Region[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2007,29(1):13-18.
[9]杨晓萍,张宝民,柳少波.四川盆地南部志留系碳酸盐灰泥丘成因与储集性[J].海相油气地质,2002,7(4):26-32.Yang Xiaoping,Zhang Baomin,Liu Shaobo.Origin and reservoir property of Silurian carbonate mud mound in Southern Sichuan Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2002,7(4):26-32.
[10]文玲,胡书毅,田海芹.扬子地区志留纪岩相古地理与石油地质条件研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(6):11-15.Wen Ling,Hu Shuyi,Tian Haiqin.Lithofacies paleogeography and petroleum geology of the Silurian in Yangtze area[J].Petroleum Ex-ploration and Development,2002,29(6):11-15.
[11]马文辛,刘树根,黄文明,等.四川盆地东南缘志留系古油藏特征及其油气勘探意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(3):432-441.Ma Wenxin,Liu Shugen,Huang Wenming,et al.Characteristics of Si-lurian Paleo-oil reservoirs and their significance for petroleum explo-ration on the southeast margin of Sichuan Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geo-logy,2012,33(3):432-441.
[12]王鸿祯.中国古地理图集[M].北京:地图出版社,1985.Wang Hongzhen.Atlas of palaeogeography of China[M].Beijing:Map Publishing House,1985.
[13]刘宝珺.中国南方岩相古地理图集[M].北京:科学出版社,1994.Liu Baojun.Atlas of lithofacies and paleogeography in South of China[M].Beijing:Science Press,1994.
[14]马永生,陈洪德,王国力,等.中国南方层序地层与古地理[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.Ma Yongsheng,Chen Hongde,Wang Guoli,et al.Sequence stratigraphyand Paleogeography in South China[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009.
[15]马东洲,陈鸿德,朱利东,等.川南下志留统石牛栏组沉积体系与岩相古地理[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2006,33(3):228-233.Ma Dongzhou,Chen Hongde,Zhu Lidong,et al.Depositional system and lithofacies and paleogeography of the Silurian Shiniulan Forma-tion in the southern Sichuan Basin,China[J].Journal of Chengdu University of technology(Science&Technology Edition),2006,33(3):228-232(in Chinese with English abstract).
[16]郭英海,李壮福,李大华,等.四川地区早志留世岩相古地理[J].古地理学报,2004,6(1):21-29.Guo Yinghai,Li Zhuangfu,Li Dahua,et al.Lithofacies palaeogeogra-phy of the early Silurian in Sichuan area[J].Journal of Palaeogeogra-phy,2004,6(1):21-29(in Chinese with English abstract).
[17]刘若冰,田景春,黄勇,等.川东南震旦系灯影组白云岩与志留系石牛栏组灰岩储层特征[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2007,34(3):245-251.Liu Ruobing,Tian Jingchun,Huang Yong,et al.Characteristics of the carbonate rock reservoir of the Upper Sinian Dengying Formation and the Lower Silurian Shiniulan Formation in the southeast of Sichuan,China[J].Journ al of Chengdu University of Technolog(Science&Technology Edition),2007,34(3):245-251.
[18]许效松,汪正江.对中国海相盆地油气资源战略选区的思考[J].海相油气地质,2003,8(1/2):1-9.Xu Xiaosong,Wang Zhengjiang.Thought clew to search after strategic prospecting precincts of oil and gas resources in marine facies basins in China[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2003,8(1/2):1-9.
[19]侯明才,陈鸿德,陈安清.江南-雪峰隆起对川东南-黔南凹陷石牛栏期沉积古地理的制约[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2010,37(4):395-400.Hou Mingcai,Chen Hongde,Chen Anqing.Constraints of the Jiang-nan-Xuefeng upheaval to the depositional system and paleogeography distribution of Southeast Sichuang-South Guizhou depression during Shiniulan period[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),2010,37(4):395-400.
[20]张林,魏国齐,郭英海,等.四川盆地志留系层序地层及有利储集层分布[J].天然气工业,2005,25(5):6-8.Zhang Lin,Wei Guoqi,Guo Yinghai,et al.Favorable reservoir distri-bution in Sichuan basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2005,25(5):6-8(in Chinese with English abstract).
[21]刘伟,许效松,余谦,等.中上扬子晚奥陶世赫南特期岩相古地理[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2012,39(1):32-37.Liu Wei,Xu Xiaosong,Yu Qian,et al.Lithofacies palaeogeography of the Late Ordovician Hirnantian in the middle-upper Yangtze region of China[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),2012,39(1):32-37.
[22]万云,张廷山.川东南-黔北地区志留纪生物礁与古环境演化[J].沉积学报,1997,15(4):106-113.Wan Yun,Zhang Tingshan.The Silurian reef and its environmental evolution in the southeastern Sichuan Province and northern Guizhou Province[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1997,15(4):106-113.
[1]王津义,涂伟,曾华盛,等.黔西北地区天然气成藏地质特征[J].石油实验地质,2008,30(5):445-450.Wang Jinyi,Tu Wei,Zeng Huasheng,et al.Geologic characteristics of natural gas accumulations in the northwest of Guizhou[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2008,30(5):445-450.
[2]聂海宽,张金川,包书景,等.四川盆地及其周缘上奥陶统-下志留统页岩气聚集条件[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(3):335-345.Nie Haikuan,Zhang Jinchuan,Bao Shujing,et al.Shale gas accumu-lation conditions of the Upper Ordovician-Lower Silurian in Sichuan Basin and its periphery[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2012,33(3):335-345.
[3]肖开华.中国南方志留系油气地质特征与勘探方向[J].天然气工业,2009,29(11):1-4.Xiao Kaihua.Geological features and exploration direction of the Silu-rian hydrocarbon reservoirs in Southern China[J].Natural Gas In-dustry,2009,29(11):1-4.
[4]宋文海.川东南下志留统小河坝砂岩含气地质条件论述——一个未来的勘探区块[J].天然气勘探与开发,1998,21(2):1-5.Song Wenhai.Discussion on the geological conditions of gas in of the sandstone in Silurian Xiaoheba formation in Southeastern SichuanProvince—a future exploration blocks[J].Natural Gas Exploraiton&Development,1998,21(2):1-5(in Chinese).
[5]李双建,周雁,肖开华,等.四川盆地东南缘习水吼滩志留系古油世藏特征[J].石油学报,2009,30(6):849-856.Li Shuangjian,Zhou Yan,Xiao Kaihua,et al.Characteristics of Silu-rian destroyed oil reservoir in Houtan section of Xishui area in sohu-theastern margin of Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolci Sinica,2009,30(6):849-856.
[6]朱志军,陈洪德,林良彪,等.黔北—川东南志留系层序格架下的沉积体系演化特征及有利区带预测[J].沉积学报,2010,28(2):243-252.Zhu Zhijun,Chen Hongde,Lin Liangbiao,et al.Depositional system evolution character istics in the framework of sequences of silurian and prediction of favorable zones in the Northern Guizhou-Southeas-tern Sichuan[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2010,28(2):243-252.
[7]许国明,王国司,石国山.黔中隆起及其南北斜坡区天然气勘探前景[J].贵州地质,2008,25(2):27-31.Xu Guoming,Wang Guosi,Shi Guoshan.The natural gas exploration prospecting in Qianzhong protrusion and its south and north slope area[J].Guizhou Geology,2008,25(2):27-31.
[8]陈洪德,庞林,倪新锋,等.中上扬子地区海相油气勘探前景[J].石油实验地质,2007,29(1):13-18.Chen Hongde,Pang Lin,Ni Xinfeng,et al.New brief remarks on hy-drocarbon prospecting of marine strata in the Middle and Upper Yang-tze Region[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2007,29(1):13-18.
[9]杨晓萍,张宝民,柳少波.四川盆地南部志留系碳酸盐灰泥丘成因与储集性[J].海相油气地质,2002,7(4):26-32.Yang Xiaoping,Zhang Baomin,Liu Shaobo.Origin and reservoir property of Silurian carbonate mud mound in Southern Sichuan Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2002,7(4):26-32.
[10]文玲,胡书毅,田海芹.扬子地区志留纪岩相古地理与石油地质条件研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(6):11-15.Wen Ling,Hu Shuyi,Tian Haiqin.Lithofacies paleogeography and petroleum geology of the Silurian in Yangtze area[J].Petroleum Ex-ploration and Development,2002,29(6):11-15.
[11]马文辛,刘树根,黄文明,等.四川盆地东南缘志留系古油藏特征及其油气勘探意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(3):432-441.Ma Wenxin,Liu Shugen,Huang Wenming,et al.Characteristics of Si-lurian Paleo-oil reservoirs and their significance for petroleum explo-ration on the southeast margin of Sichuan Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geo-logy,2012,33(3):432-441.
[12]王鸿祯.中国古地理图集[M].北京:地图出版社,1985.Wang Hongzhen.Atlas of palaeogeography of China[M].Beijing:Map Publishing House,1985.
[13]刘宝珺.中国南方岩相古地理图集[M].北京:科学出版社,1994.Liu Baojun.Atlas of lithofacies and paleogeography in South of China[M].Beijing:Science Press,1994.
[14]马永生,陈洪德,王国力,等.中国南方层序地层与古地理[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.Ma Yongsheng,Chen Hongde,Wang Guoli,et al.Sequence stratigraphyand Paleogeography in South China[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009.
[15]马东洲,陈鸿德,朱利东,等.川南下志留统石牛栏组沉积体系与岩相古地理[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2006,33(3):228-233.Ma Dongzhou,Chen Hongde,Zhu Lidong,et al.Depositional system and lithofacies and paleogeography of the Silurian Shiniulan Forma-tion in the southern Sichuan Basin,China[J].Journal of Chengdu University of technology(Science&Technology Edition),2006,33(3):228-232(in Chinese with English abstract).
[16]郭英海,李壮福,李大华,等.四川地区早志留世岩相古地理[J].古地理学报,2004,6(1):21-29.Guo Yinghai,Li Zhuangfu,Li Dahua,et al.Lithofacies palaeogeogra-phy of the early Silurian in Sichuan area[J].Journal of Palaeogeogra-phy,2004,6(1):21-29(in Chinese with English abstract).
[17]刘若冰,田景春,黄勇,等.川东南震旦系灯影组白云岩与志留系石牛栏组灰岩储层特征[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2007,34(3):245-251.Liu Ruobing,Tian Jingchun,Huang Yong,et al.Characteristics of the carbonate rock reservoir of the Upper Sinian Dengying Formation and the Lower Silurian Shiniulan Formation in the southeast of Sichuan,China[J].Journ al of Chengdu University of Technolog(Science&Technology Edition),2007,34(3):245-251.
[18]许效松,汪正江.对中国海相盆地油气资源战略选区的思考[J].海相油气地质,2003,8(1/2):1-9.Xu Xiaosong,Wang Zhengjiang.Thought clew to search after strategic prospecting precincts of oil and gas resources in marine facies basins in China[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2003,8(1/2):1-9.
[19]侯明才,陈鸿德,陈安清.江南-雪峰隆起对川东南-黔南凹陷石牛栏期沉积古地理的制约[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2010,37(4):395-400.Hou Mingcai,Chen Hongde,Chen Anqing.Constraints of the Jiang-nan-Xuefeng upheaval to the depositional system and paleogeography distribution of Southeast Sichuang-South Guizhou depression during Shiniulan period[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),2010,37(4):395-400.
[20]张林,魏国齐,郭英海,等.四川盆地志留系层序地层及有利储集层分布[J].天然气工业,2005,25(5):6-8.Zhang Lin,Wei Guoqi,Guo Yinghai,et al.Favorable reservoir distri-bution in Sichuan basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2005,25(5):6-8(in Chinese with English abstract).
[21]刘伟,许效松,余谦,等.中上扬子晚奥陶世赫南特期岩相古地理[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2012,39(1):32-37.Liu Wei,Xu Xiaosong,Yu Qian,et al.Lithofacies palaeogeography of the Late Ordovician Hirnantian in the middle-upper Yangtze region of China[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),2012,39(1):32-37.
[22]万云,张廷山.川东南-黔北地区志留纪生物礁与古环境演化[J].沉积学报,1997,15(4):106-113.Wan Yun,Zhang Tingshan.The Silurian reef and its environmental evolution in the southeastern Sichuan Province and northern Guizhou Province[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1997,15(4):106-113.
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