基于平面波记录的绕射目标成像方法研究
|
摘要
断层、盐丘、溶洞、裂缝等非均质构造已成为现阶段碳酸盐岩高精度成像、构造及岩性解释的主要目标。然而,常规地震数据处理通常将这些非均质地质体引起的绕射波作为噪声而进行压制,即使偏移成像可以收敛归位绕射波,也因绕射波的弱振幅值和能量的快速衰减而湮没在反射能量中,因而未被有效地利用。本文根据绕射波和反射波在平面波记录上的时距曲线差异,利用平面波解构滤波方法压制平滑连续的拟线性反射波,保护和突出曲率较大、连续性较差的拟双曲绕射波,从而提高非均质绕射目标体的成像分辨率。通过对断陷模型和2DSEG/EAGE盐丘模型的试算,表明该方法可以有效改善盐丘、断层及其他小尺度非均质构造的成像质量,提高地震资料解释的精度。
Objectives of structure elucidation,lithologic interpretation and carbonate high precision imaging,such as faults,salts,karst caves and fractures et al,usually act as complicate diffractions on seismic records.However,traditional seismic data processing and imaging always suppresses diffractions as interfering noise.And although migration converge the diffractive waves,they may be hidden in the reflection energy which is disadvantage to the subsequent interpretation because of the weak amplitude and quick energy attenuation of the diffractions.According to the difference between reflection and diffraction on the plane wave record,we use plane wave destruction filtering to obtain pseudo-hyperbolic diffraction whose curvature is large by suppressing laterally continuous pseudo-linear reflection,which aims to enhance the imaging resolution of heterogenous diffracting objectives.The fault-through model and 2D SEG/EAGE salt model tests demonstrate that this method can effectively improve the imaging quality of heterogenous structures.And it can enhance the interpretive precision together with conventional interpretation.
Objectives of structure elucidation,lithologic interpretation and carbonate high precision imaging,such as faults,salts,karst caves and fractures et al,usually act as complicate diffractions on seismic records.However,traditional seismic data processing and imaging always suppresses diffractions as interfering noise.And although migration converge the diffractive waves,they may be hidden in the reflection energy which is disadvantage to the subsequent interpretation because of the weak amplitude and quick energy attenuation of the diffractions.According to the difference between reflection and diffraction on the plane wave record,we use plane wave destruction filtering to obtain pseudo-hyperbolic diffraction whose curvature is large by suppressing laterally continuous pseudo-linear reflection,which aims to enhance the imaging resolution of heterogenous diffracting objectives.The fault-through model and 2D SEG/EAGE salt model tests demonstrate that this method can effectively improve the imaging quality of heterogenous structures.And it can enhance the interpretive precision together with conventional interpretation.
引文
[1]Berkovitch A,Belfer I,Hassin Y et al.Diffraction im-aging by multifocusing.Geophysics,2009,74(6):WCA75～WCA81
[2]撒利明,姚逢昌,狄帮让等.缝洞型储层地震识别理论与方法.北京:石油工业出版社,2009
[3]Bansal R,Imhof M G.Diffraction enhancement inprestack seismic data.Geophysics,2005,70(3):V73～V79
[4]Khaidukov V,Landa E,Moser T J.Diffraction ima-ging by focusing-defocusing:An outlook on seismicsuper resolution.Geophysics,2004,69(6):1478～1490
[5]Moser T,Howard B C.Diffraction imaging in depth.Geophysical Prospecting,2008,56(5):627～641
[6]Kozlov E,Barasky N,Korolev E et al.Imaging scat-tering objects masked by specular reflections.SEGTechnical Program Expanded Abstracts,2004,23:1131～1135
[7]Zhu Xiaosan,Wu Rushan.Imaging diffraction pointsusing the local image matrices generated in prestackmigration.Geophysics,2010,75(1):S1～S9
[8]Koren Z,Ravve I.Specular/diffraction imaging byfull azimuth subsurface angle domain decomposition.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2010,29:3268～3272
[9]朱生旺,曲寿利,魏修成等.通过压制共散射点道集映射噪声改善绕射波成像分辨率.石油物探,2010,49(2):107～114Zhu Shengwang,Qu Shouli,Wei Xiucheng et al.Toimprove imaging resolution by mapping noise attenua-tion on CSP gathers.GPP,2010,49(2):107～114
[10]Landa E,Shtivelman V,Gelchinsky B.A method fordetection of diffracted waves on common-offset sec-tions.Geophysical Prospecting,1987,35(4):359～373
[11]Landa E,Keydar S.Seismic monitoring of diffractionimages for detection of local heterogeneities.Geo-physics,1998,63(3):1093～1100
[12]Nowak E J,Imhof M G.Diffractor localization viaweighted Radon transforms.SEG Technical Pro-gram Expanded Abstracts,2004,23:2108～2111
[13]Fomel S.Applications of plane-wave destruction fil-ters.Geophysics,2002,67(6):1946～1960
[14]Taner M T,Fomel S,Landa E.Separation and ima-ging of seismic diffractions using plane-wave decom-position.SEG Technical Program Expanded Ab-stracts,2006,25:2401～2405
[15]Fomel S,Landa E,Taner M T.Poststack velocity a-nalysis by separation and imaging of seismic diffrac-tions.Geophysics,2007,72(6):U89～U94
[16]Schultz P S,Claerbout J F.Velocity estimation anddownward continuation by wavefront synthesis.Geo-physics,1978,43(4):691～714
[17]Stoffa P L,Buhl P,Diebold J B et al.Direct mappingof seismic data to the domain of intercept time and rayparameter:A plane-wave decomposition.Geophy-sics,1981,46(3):255～267
[18]Claerbout J F.Earth Soundings Analysis:Processingversus Inversion.Blackwell Scientific PublicationsInc,1992
[19]孙东,潘建国,雍学善等.碳酸盐岩储层垂向长串珠状形成机制.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(增1):101～104Sun Dong,Pan Jianguo,Yong Xueshan et al.Forma-tion mechanism of vertical“long string beads”in car-bonate reservoir.OGP,2010,45(Sup 1):101～104
[20]何晓松,孙林,张红斌等.盐下碳酸盐岩储层礁体识别.石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(增1):98～100He Xiaosong,Sun Lin,Zhang Hongbin et al.Sub-salt carbonate reef reservoir identification.OGP,2009,44(Sup 1):98～100
[2]撒利明,姚逢昌,狄帮让等.缝洞型储层地震识别理论与方法.北京:石油工业出版社,2009
[3]Bansal R,Imhof M G.Diffraction enhancement inprestack seismic data.Geophysics,2005,70(3):V73～V79
[4]Khaidukov V,Landa E,Moser T J.Diffraction ima-ging by focusing-defocusing:An outlook on seismicsuper resolution.Geophysics,2004,69(6):1478～1490
[5]Moser T,Howard B C.Diffraction imaging in depth.Geophysical Prospecting,2008,56(5):627～641
[6]Kozlov E,Barasky N,Korolev E et al.Imaging scat-tering objects masked by specular reflections.SEGTechnical Program Expanded Abstracts,2004,23:1131～1135
[7]Zhu Xiaosan,Wu Rushan.Imaging diffraction pointsusing the local image matrices generated in prestackmigration.Geophysics,2010,75(1):S1～S9
[8]Koren Z,Ravve I.Specular/diffraction imaging byfull azimuth subsurface angle domain decomposition.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2010,29:3268～3272
[9]朱生旺,曲寿利,魏修成等.通过压制共散射点道集映射噪声改善绕射波成像分辨率.石油物探,2010,49(2):107～114Zhu Shengwang,Qu Shouli,Wei Xiucheng et al.Toimprove imaging resolution by mapping noise attenua-tion on CSP gathers.GPP,2010,49(2):107～114
[10]Landa E,Shtivelman V,Gelchinsky B.A method fordetection of diffracted waves on common-offset sec-tions.Geophysical Prospecting,1987,35(4):359～373
[11]Landa E,Keydar S.Seismic monitoring of diffractionimages for detection of local heterogeneities.Geo-physics,1998,63(3):1093～1100
[12]Nowak E J,Imhof M G.Diffractor localization viaweighted Radon transforms.SEG Technical Pro-gram Expanded Abstracts,2004,23:2108～2111
[13]Fomel S.Applications of plane-wave destruction fil-ters.Geophysics,2002,67(6):1946～1960
[14]Taner M T,Fomel S,Landa E.Separation and ima-ging of seismic diffractions using plane-wave decom-position.SEG Technical Program Expanded Ab-stracts,2006,25:2401～2405
[15]Fomel S,Landa E,Taner M T.Poststack velocity a-nalysis by separation and imaging of seismic diffrac-tions.Geophysics,2007,72(6):U89～U94
[16]Schultz P S,Claerbout J F.Velocity estimation anddownward continuation by wavefront synthesis.Geo-physics,1978,43(4):691～714
[17]Stoffa P L,Buhl P,Diebold J B et al.Direct mappingof seismic data to the domain of intercept time and rayparameter:A plane-wave decomposition.Geophy-sics,1981,46(3):255～267
[18]Claerbout J F.Earth Soundings Analysis:Processingversus Inversion.Blackwell Scientific PublicationsInc,1992
[19]孙东,潘建国,雍学善等.碳酸盐岩储层垂向长串珠状形成机制.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(增1):101～104Sun Dong,Pan Jianguo,Yong Xueshan et al.Forma-tion mechanism of vertical“long string beads”in car-bonate reservoir.OGP,2010,45(Sup 1):101～104
[20]何晓松,孙林,张红斌等.盐下碳酸盐岩储层礁体识别.石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(增1):98～100He Xiaosong,Sun Lin,Zhang Hongbin et al.Sub-salt carbonate reef reservoir identification.OGP,2009,44(Sup 1):98～100
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心