云冈石窟第19窟西耳窟地震动力响应
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摘要
为探索石窟地震动力响应,建立了云冈石窟第19窟西侧耳窟的三维实体模型,并用有限差分软件FLAC3D对耳窟进行了地震动力模拟计算,分析了硐室岩体位移、加速度放大系数、应力分布和加速度傅里叶谱.数值模拟结果表明:地震作用下,该窟外立面岩体有外倾和塌落的趋势;石窟岩体的破坏模式以剪切破坏为主;地震波在耳窟所在高程范围的岩体内经多次反射、叠加,能量损耗较大,耗散的能量被该区域的岩体吸收,因此,进行抗震加固设计时,应适当提高此区域的地震加速度.
A three-dimensional entity model for the 19th grotto's west side cave of Yungang Grottoes was built in order to explore the seismic dynamic responses of grottoes.A finite difference software,FLAC3D,was used to numerically simulate the displacement,acceleration amplification factor,stress distribution and acceleration Fourier spectrum of its chamber and surrounding rock.The simulation results show that its external cliff has a trend of outward collapse,and the main failure mode of rock mass is shear failure.Seismic waves are reflected and superimposed on each other in the region near the chamber,and large energy is absorbed by rock mass,so earthquake acceleration in the region should be augmented in antiseismic strengthening design.
A three-dimensional entity model for the 19th grotto's west side cave of Yungang Grottoes was built in order to explore the seismic dynamic responses of grottoes.A finite difference software,FLAC3D,was used to numerically simulate the displacement,acceleration amplification factor,stress distribution and acceleration Fourier spectrum of its chamber and surrounding rock.The simulation results show that its external cliff has a trend of outward collapse,and the main failure mode of rock mass is shear failure.Seismic waves are reflected and superimposed on each other in the region near the chamber,and large energy is absorbed by rock mass,so earthquake acceleration in the region should be augmented in antiseismic strengthening design.
引文
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[15]李海波,马行东,李俊如,等.地震荷载作用下地下岩体洞室位移特征的影响因素分析[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(3):358-362.LI Haibo,MA Xingdong,LI Junru,et al.Study oninfluence factors of rock cavern displacement underearthquake[J].Chinese Journal of GeotechnicalEngineering,2006,28(3):358-362.
[16]谌文武,李鹏飞,梁涛,等.苏巴什东寺佛塔的地震动力响应[J].西南交通大学学报,2011,46(3):373-378.CHEN Wenwu,LI Pengfei,LIANG Tao,et al.Dynamic responses of east temple pagoda of SubashiTemple under seismic loads[J].Journal of SouthwestJiaotong University,2011,46(3):373-378.
[2]黄克忠.岩土文物建筑的保护[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998:9-31.
[3]牟会宠,杨志法,伍法权.石质文物保护的工程地质力学研究[M].北京:地震出版社,2000:18-43.
[4]晏鄂川,方云.云冈石窟立柱岩体安全性定量评价[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(增刊2):5046-5049.YAN Echuan,FANG Yun.Quantitative evaluation onthe safety of the column rock masses at YungangGrottoes[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2004,23(Sup.2):5046-5049.
[5]杨晓杰,彭涛,李桂刚,等.云冈石窟立柱岩体长期强度研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增刊2):3402-3407.YANG Xiaojie,PENG Tao,LI Guigang,et al.Studyon long term strength of pillar rockmass at YungangGrottoes[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2009,28(Sup.2):3402-3407.
[6]马淑芝,方云,贾洪彪,等.云冈石窟第9、10窟列柱地质病害特征与加固设计[J].地质科技情报,2011,30(1):123-126.MA Shuzhi,FANG Yun,JIA Hongbiao,et al.Characters of geological disease and reinforcementdesign of the 9th and 10th grotto's columniations ofYungang Grottoes[J].Geological Science andTechnology Information,2011,30(1):123-126.
[7]谭科艳.“十里河工程”对周边环境及云冈石窟文物保护影响的研究[D].北京:中国地质科学院,2006.
[8]郑颖人,叶海林,黄润秋.地震破坏机制及其破裂面的分析探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(8):1714-1723.ZHENG Yingren,YE Hailin,HUANG Runqiu.Analysis and discussion of failure mechanism andfracture surface of slope under earthquake[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(8):1714-1723.
[9]徐光兴,姚令侃,高召宁,等.边坡动力特性与动力响应的大型振动台模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(3):624-632.XU Guangxing,YAO Lingkan,GAO Zhaoning,et al.Large-scale shaking table model test on the dynamiccharacteristics and seismic responses of slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(3):624-632.
[10]PRASAD S K,TOWHATA I,CHANDRADHARA G P,et al.Shaking table tests in earthquake geotechnical[J].Current Science,2004,87(10):1398-1404.
[11]LIN Meeiling,WANG Kuolung.Seismic slopebehavior in a large-scale shaking table model test[J].Engineering Geology,2006,86(2/3):118-133.
[12]艾畅,冯春,李世海,等.地震作用下顺层岩质边坡动力响应的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(9):1825-1832.AI Chang,FENG Chun,LI Shihai,et al.Experi-mental research on dynamic response of consequentrock slope under seismic loading[J].Chinese Journalof Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(9):1825-1832.
[13]徐光兴,姚令侃,李朝红,等.边坡地震动力响应规律及地震动参数影响研究[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(6):918-923.XU Guangxing,YAO Lingkan,LI Zhaohong,et al.Dynamic response of slopes under earthquakes andinfluence of ground motion parameters[J].ChineseJournal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(6):918-923.
[14]刘春玲,祁生文,童立强,等.利用FLAC3D分析某边坡地震稳定性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(16):2730-2733.LIU Chunling,QI Shengwen,TONG Liqiang,et al.Stability analysis of slope under earthquake withFLAC3D[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2004,23(16):2730-2733.
[15]李海波,马行东,李俊如,等.地震荷载作用下地下岩体洞室位移特征的影响因素分析[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(3):358-362.LI Haibo,MA Xingdong,LI Junru,et al.Study oninfluence factors of rock cavern displacement underearthquake[J].Chinese Journal of GeotechnicalEngineering,2006,28(3):358-362.
[16]谌文武,李鹏飞,梁涛,等.苏巴什东寺佛塔的地震动力响应[J].西南交通大学学报,2011,46(3):373-378.CHEN Wenwu,LI Pengfei,LIANG Tao,et al.Dynamic responses of east temple pagoda of SubashiTemple under seismic loads[J].Journal of SouthwestJiaotong University,2011,46(3):373-378.
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