中国碳酸盐岩储集层大型化发育的地质条件与分布特征
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摘要
基于塔里木、四川和鄂尔多斯盆地重点探区和层系300余口井的岩心和薄片观察,结合地震、录井、测井和试油等资料,系统分析碳酸盐岩储集层类型、特征和规模化发育的地质条件,总结碳酸盐岩储集层分布的基本特征。中国海相碳酸盐岩层系储集层类型齐全,规模有效储集层主要有3类:沉积型礁/滩及白云岩储集层、后生溶蚀-溶滤型储集层与深层埋藏-热液改造型储集层。除沉积相、古气候和古地貌外,控制深层规模有效储集层发育的主要因素有:层间及层内溶蚀-溶滤作用、埋藏白云石化与热液联合作用等。深层碳酸盐岩规模有效储集层具如下分布特征:沿不整合面和沉积间断面分布,后生溶蚀-溶滤型储集层从古隆起高部位一直延伸到斜坡低部位;平面上呈似层状大面积分布,垂向上受多期岩溶作用控制,呈多套叠置楼房式分布,非均质性明显;埋藏白云石化作用受原始沉积相带约束,在深层形成条带状或似层状大面积分布的有效储集体;与热液作用相关的储集层多沿深大断裂分布,形成垂向上呈串珠状、平面上呈带状-栅状分布的有效储集体,分布不受埋深限制。图8表1参13
Based on the analysis and observation of well cores and thin sections of more than 300 wells from major exploration plays and intervals in the Tarim,Sichuan and Ordos Basins,and combined with seismic,well logging and testing data,this paper studies and analyses systematically on the types and characteristics of carbonate reservoirs as well as the geologic conditions for their development with large scale.And their distributional features are also summarized.All kinds of marine carbonate reservoirs revealed worldwide are developed onshore China,including 3 types of large-scale effective reservoirs,which are depositional reef-shoal and dolomite reservoirs,epigenetic dissolution-percolation reservoirs and deep burial-hydrothermally altered reservoirs.Besides sedimentary facies,paleoclimate and paleogeomorphy,other factors that have strong influences on the development of deep large-scale reservoirs include interstratal and intrastratal dissolution-percolation,burial dolomitization combined with hydrothermal processes,etc.Large-scale effective reservoirs in deep carbonate sequence are mostly well distributed along the unconformities and hiatuses in sedimentational sequences,while reservoirs with epigenetic dissolution-percolation origion are well occurred from the paleo-uplift highs to the lower part of slopes.The reservoirs are widely distributed in stratified shape on plane,and presented multi-interval distributional patterns controlled by multi-stage karstification vertically with strong heterogeneity.Burial dolomitization is restricted by primary sedimentary facies,and can form extensive effective reservoirs in deep layers in stripe or stratified shape.Hydrothermally related reservoirs are generally distributed along discordogenic faults,forming effective reservoirs with beadlike distribution in vertical direction and band-fence like distribution on plane,which are not restricted by burial depth.
Based on the analysis and observation of well cores and thin sections of more than 300 wells from major exploration plays and intervals in the Tarim,Sichuan and Ordos Basins,and combined with seismic,well logging and testing data,this paper studies and analyses systematically on the types and characteristics of carbonate reservoirs as well as the geologic conditions for their development with large scale.And their distributional features are also summarized.All kinds of marine carbonate reservoirs revealed worldwide are developed onshore China,including 3 types of large-scale effective reservoirs,which are depositional reef-shoal and dolomite reservoirs,epigenetic dissolution-percolation reservoirs and deep burial-hydrothermally altered reservoirs.Besides sedimentary facies,paleoclimate and paleogeomorphy,other factors that have strong influences on the development of deep large-scale reservoirs include interstratal and intrastratal dissolution-percolation,burial dolomitization combined with hydrothermal processes,etc.Large-scale effective reservoirs in deep carbonate sequence are mostly well distributed along the unconformities and hiatuses in sedimentational sequences,while reservoirs with epigenetic dissolution-percolation origion are well occurred from the paleo-uplift highs to the lower part of slopes.The reservoirs are widely distributed in stratified shape on plane,and presented multi-interval distributional patterns controlled by multi-stage karstification vertically with strong heterogeneity.Burial dolomitization is restricted by primary sedimentary facies,and can form extensive effective reservoirs in deep layers in stripe or stratified shape.Hydrothermally related reservoirs are generally distributed along discordogenic faults,forming effective reservoirs with beadlike distribution in vertical direction and band-fence like distribution on plane,which are not restricted by burial depth.
引文
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[8]张宝民,刘静江.中国岩溶储集层分类与特征及相关的理论问题[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(1):12-29.Zhang Baomin,Liu Jingjiang.Classification and characteristics of karst reservoirs in China and related theories[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2009,36(1):12-29.
[9]Hardie L A.Dolomitization:A critical view of some current views[J].Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1987,57:166-183.
[10]Davis R G,Smith B L.Structurally controlled hydrothermal dolomite reservoir facies:An overview[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(11):1641-1690.
[11]沈安江,周进高,辛勇光,等.四川盆地雷口坡组白云岩储层类型及成因[J].海相油气地质,2008,13(4):19-28.Shen Anjiang,Zhou Jin’gao,Xin Yongguang,et al.Origin of Triassic Leikoupo dolostone reservoirs in Sichuan Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2008,13(4):19-28.
[12]Moore H C.Carbonate reservoirs:Porosity evolution and diagenesis in a sequence stratigraphic framework[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier,2001:80-122.
[13]Palmer A N.Geochemical models for the origin of macroscopic solution porosity in carbonate rocks[C]//Budd D A,Saller A H,Harris P M,et al.AAPG Memoir 63:Unconformities and porosity in carbonate strata.Tulsa:AAPG,1995:77-101.
[2]李静,蔡廷永.加快实现海相油气勘探新突破[N].中国石化报,2007-08-07(1).Li Jing,Cai Tingyong.Accelerating marine origin petroleum exploration breakthrough[N].China Petrochemical News,2007-08-07(1).
[3]沈安江,王招明,杨海军,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层成因类型、特征及油气勘探潜力[J].海相油气地质,2006,11(4):1-12.Shen Anjiang,Wang Zhaoming,Yang Haijun,et al.Genesis classification and characteristics of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs and petroleum exploration potential in Tazhong Region,Tarim Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2006,11(4):1-12.
[4]Mckenzie J A.Holocene dolomitization of calcium carbonate sediments from the coastal sabkhas of Abu Dhabi,UAE:A stable isotope study[J].Journal of Geology,1981,89:185-198.
[5]Adams J E,Rhodes M L.Dolomitization by seepage refluxion[J].AAPG Bulletin,1960,44(12):1912-1920.
[6]马锋,许怀先,顾家裕,等.塔东寒武系白云岩成因及储集层演化特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(2):144-155.Ma Feng,Xu Huaixian,Gu Jiayu,et al.Cambrian dolomite origin and reservoir evolution in east Tarim Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2009,36(2):144-155.
[7]张静,胡见义,罗平,等.深埋优质白云岩储集层发育的主控因素与勘探意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(2):203-210.Zhang Jing,Hu Jianyi,Luo Ping,et al.Master control factors of deep high-quality dolomite reservoirs and the exploration significance[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2010,37(2):203-210.
[8]张宝民,刘静江.中国岩溶储集层分类与特征及相关的理论问题[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(1):12-29.Zhang Baomin,Liu Jingjiang.Classification and characteristics of karst reservoirs in China and related theories[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2009,36(1):12-29.
[9]Hardie L A.Dolomitization:A critical view of some current views[J].Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1987,57:166-183.
[10]Davis R G,Smith B L.Structurally controlled hydrothermal dolomite reservoir facies:An overview[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(11):1641-1690.
[11]沈安江,周进高,辛勇光,等.四川盆地雷口坡组白云岩储层类型及成因[J].海相油气地质,2008,13(4):19-28.Shen Anjiang,Zhou Jin’gao,Xin Yongguang,et al.Origin of Triassic Leikoupo dolostone reservoirs in Sichuan Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2008,13(4):19-28.
[12]Moore H C.Carbonate reservoirs:Porosity evolution and diagenesis in a sequence stratigraphic framework[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier,2001:80-122.
[13]Palmer A N.Geochemical models for the origin of macroscopic solution porosity in carbonate rocks[C]//Budd D A,Saller A H,Harris P M,et al.AAPG Memoir 63:Unconformities and porosity in carbonate strata.Tulsa:AAPG,1995:77-101.
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