Walk-away VSP和3D-VSP自适应静校正方法研究
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摘要
目前Walk-away VSP和3D-VSP处理中尚缺乏有效的静校正手段,主要是借用面地震静校正量.本文根据Walk-away VSP和3D-VSP观测系统和数据特点提出了自适应静校正的思路.主要包括自适应高程静校正和自适应剩余静校正,自适应高程静校正的要点是通过VSP初至时间和激发点高程差,求出替换速度,然后根据高程计算静校正量;剩余静校正的要点是利用VTI各向异性速度模型计算出理论初至时间,实际初至时间与理论初至时间的差即为静校正量,本方法将目的层以上地层均校正为横向均匀介质,不但消除了地表、低速带、降速带横向变化的影响,而且消除了浅部基岩横向变化对目的层的影响.实例表明,按本方法进行静校正后,所得结果更符合沉积理论,对VSP资料的精细处理和正确解释起到了积极作用.
Now there is still lacked a effective static correction method in walk-away VSP and 3D-VSP processing. Therefor the surface seismic static correction quantity has been used in VSP process.In this article a self-adapted static correction idea and method is proposed based on walkaway VSP and 3D-VSP layout and the data characteristics.It mainly includes the self-adapted elevation static correction and the self-adapted residual static correction.The key point of self-adapted elevation static correction aims at caculating replacing velocity via the break times of VSPs and elevation differences of shotpoints,and computating elevation statics by elevation and replacing velocity.The residual static correction's main point is that calculating the first-arrival times theoretically based on the VTI anisotropy model,then caculating residual statics by substracting actual first-arrival times from theoretical times. By correcting strata above interest to a lateral isotopic media,this method not only eliminates the influences induced by lateral changes of the surface,the low velocity zone,and the fall speed belt,but also eliminates the influences to interest by the lateral changes of uper bedrocks.The example indicates that earring on the static correction after this method,the obtained result conforms to the deposition theory.It is positive for VSP data fine processing and correct interpratation.
Now there is still lacked a effective static correction method in walk-away VSP and 3D-VSP processing. Therefor the surface seismic static correction quantity has been used in VSP process.In this article a self-adapted static correction idea and method is proposed based on walkaway VSP and 3D-VSP layout and the data characteristics.It mainly includes the self-adapted elevation static correction and the self-adapted residual static correction.The key point of self-adapted elevation static correction aims at caculating replacing velocity via the break times of VSPs and elevation differences of shotpoints,and computating elevation statics by elevation and replacing velocity.The residual static correction's main point is that calculating the first-arrival times theoretically based on the VTI anisotropy model,then caculating residual statics by substracting actual first-arrival times from theoretical times. By correcting strata above interest to a lateral isotopic media,this method not only eliminates the influences induced by lateral changes of the surface,the low velocity zone,and the fall speed belt,but also eliminates the influences to interest by the lateral changes of uper bedrocks.The example indicates that earring on the static correction after this method,the obtained result conforms to the deposition theory.It is positive for VSP data fine processing and correct interpratation.
引文
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[7]高静怀,杨森林.利用零偏移VSP资料估计介质品质因子方法研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(4):1198-1209. Gao J H,Yang S L.On the method of quality factors estimation from zero-offset VSP data[J].Chinese J.Geophys. (in Chinese),2007,50(4):1198-1209.
[8]陈林.三维VSP技术的应用与展望[J].勘探地球物理进展, 2007,30(3):162-167. Chen L.Applications of 3-D VSP technology and its outlook [J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics(in Chinese),2007, 30(3):162-167.
[9]王德志,刘天佑,肖都建.三维井地联合WalkawayVSP技术及其在泌阳凹陷的应用[J].地质科技情报,2007,26(2):95 -99. Wang D Z,Liu T Y,Xiao D J.3D Walkaway VSP Technology and Its Application in the Biyang Depression[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information(in Chinese), 2007,26(2):95-99.
[10]夏一军.井-地观测系统(3D+VSP)和基于模型的处理技术有关问题的讨论[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(4):1205 -1208. Xia Y J.Discussion of 3D-VSP acquisition geometry and model-based processing in seismic exploration[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(4):1205—1208.
[11]高静怀,杨森林,王大兴.利用VSP资料直达波的包络峰值处瞬时频率提取介质品质因子[J].地球物理学报,2008,51 (3):853-861. Gao J H,Yang S L,Wang D X.Quality factor extraction using instantaneous frequency at envelope peak of direct waves of VSP data[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese), 2008,51(3):853-861.
[12]赵伟,葛艳.利用零偏移距VSP资料在小波域计算介质Q值[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(4):1202-1208. Zhao W,Ge Y.Estimation of Q from VSP data with zero offset in wavelet domain[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(4):1202-1208.
[13]邹延延,徐义贤,沙椿.VSP正反演综述[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(1):145-153. Zou Y Y,Xu Y X,Sha C.Review on the forward modeling and inversion of vertical seismic profile[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2009,24(1):145-153.
[14]武银婷,朱光明,刘伊克,等.零偏VSP反演Q值CFS方法及影响因素研究[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(6):1897-1904. Wu YT,Zhu G M,Liu Y K,et al.Study on CFS method in Q inversion using zero-offset VSP data[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2010,25(6):1897-1904.
[15]余振,王彦春,何静.一种稳定的VSP反Q滤波方法[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(5):1676-1684. Yu Z,Wang Y C,He J.A stable inverse Q filtering method for VSP[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2010,25 (5):1676-1684.
[16]井西利,杨长春.求解地震静校正问题的双尺度反演方法[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1460-1466. Jing X L,Yang C C.A dual-scale inversion algorithm for surface consistent statics[J],Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(5):1460-1466.
[17]王海燕,高锐,马永生,等.若尔盖盆地—西秦岭造山带结合部位深反射资料的静校正和去噪技术[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3):743-749. Wang H Y,Gao R,Ma Y S,et al.Static correction and noise removal for deep seismic reflection data from the contact zone of the Zoige and the west Qinling orogen[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(3):743-749.
[18]韩晓丽,杨长春,麻三怀,等.复杂山区初至波层析反演静校正[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2):475-483. Han X L,Yang C C,Ma S H,et al.Static of tomographic inversion by first breaks in complex areas[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(2):475-483.
[19]孙明,夏斌,林君,等.广义线性反演初至折射静校技术在金属矿区的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2):545-551. Sun M,Xia B,Lin J,et al.Technique of GLI first-break refraction statics correctionsand it s application in metal deposit[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23 (2):545-551.
[20]张前,陈超,刘江平.提高浅层地震反射静校正精度的一种方法与数值模拟[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(1):348- 356. Zhang Q,Chen C,Liu J P.A method of improving the shallow seismic reflection static correction and numerical simulation[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2009, 24(1):348-356
[21]李国发,常索亮,侯伯刚.起伏地表煤田地震资料静校正[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(3):1058-1064. Li G F,Chang S L,Hou B G.Static corrections for coalfield seismic data in relief surface areas[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2009,24(3):1058-1064.
[22]张伟,皮金云,王彦春,等.模型约束三维折射静校正方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(4):1468-1472. Zhang W,Pi J Y,Wang Y C,et al.A study of the modelconstrained 3-D refraction static correction method[J]. Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2009,24(4):1468—1472.
[23]孙维昭,谷跃民,徐刚,等.高分辨率近地表速度模型重建及在静校正中应用[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(5):1757 -1762. Sun W Z,Gu Y M,Xu G,et al.Reconstruction of the highresolution near-surface velocity model and its application to the static correction under complex surface conditions[J]. Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2010,25(5):1757- 1762.
[24]Thomsen L.Weak elastic anisotropy[J].Geophysics,1986, 51(10):1954-1966.
[25]Thomsen L.Understanding Seismic Anisotropy in Exploration and Exploitation[M].SEG &EAGE 2002 Distinguished Instructor Short Course,2002.
[2]Boelle J L,Kaiser P,Maocec E.Difficulties and clues in 3-D VSP processing[C].68th Ann.Internat.Mtg:Soc.of Expl. Geophys.,1998,373-376.
[3]郭建.VSP技术应用现状及发展趋势[J].勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(1):1-9. Guo J.The application status and development trends of VSP technology[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics(in Chinese),2004,27(1):1-9.
[4]姚忠瑞,孙卫国,何惺华,等.三维三分量Walk-away VSP处理方法及效果分析[J].石油天然气学报,2005,28(4):14-18. Yao Z R,Sun W G,He X H,et al.3D3C Walk-away VSP processing method and effect analysis[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology(in Chinese).2005,28(4):14-18.
[5]严又生,宜明理,魏新,等.三维三分量VSP数据处理方法及效果[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(1):18-24. Yan Y S,Yi M L,Wei X,et al.3D,3C VSP data processing methods and effects[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2005,40(1):18-24.
[6]王珺,杨长春,刘海河,等.克希霍夫法VSP多波联合成像[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(3):845-855. Wang J,Yang C C,Liu H H,et al.VSP multiwave image with KirchHoff Method[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(3):845-855.
[7]高静怀,杨森林.利用零偏移VSP资料估计介质品质因子方法研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(4):1198-1209. Gao J H,Yang S L.On the method of quality factors estimation from zero-offset VSP data[J].Chinese J.Geophys. (in Chinese),2007,50(4):1198-1209.
[8]陈林.三维VSP技术的应用与展望[J].勘探地球物理进展, 2007,30(3):162-167. Chen L.Applications of 3-D VSP technology and its outlook [J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics(in Chinese),2007, 30(3):162-167.
[9]王德志,刘天佑,肖都建.三维井地联合WalkawayVSP技术及其在泌阳凹陷的应用[J].地质科技情报,2007,26(2):95 -99. Wang D Z,Liu T Y,Xiao D J.3D Walkaway VSP Technology and Its Application in the Biyang Depression[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information(in Chinese), 2007,26(2):95-99.
[10]夏一军.井-地观测系统(3D+VSP)和基于模型的处理技术有关问题的讨论[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(4):1205 -1208. Xia Y J.Discussion of 3D-VSP acquisition geometry and model-based processing in seismic exploration[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(4):1205—1208.
[11]高静怀,杨森林,王大兴.利用VSP资料直达波的包络峰值处瞬时频率提取介质品质因子[J].地球物理学报,2008,51 (3):853-861. Gao J H,Yang S L,Wang D X.Quality factor extraction using instantaneous frequency at envelope peak of direct waves of VSP data[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese), 2008,51(3):853-861.
[12]赵伟,葛艳.利用零偏移距VSP资料在小波域计算介质Q值[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(4):1202-1208. Zhao W,Ge Y.Estimation of Q from VSP data with zero offset in wavelet domain[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(4):1202-1208.
[13]邹延延,徐义贤,沙椿.VSP正反演综述[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(1):145-153. Zou Y Y,Xu Y X,Sha C.Review on the forward modeling and inversion of vertical seismic profile[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2009,24(1):145-153.
[14]武银婷,朱光明,刘伊克,等.零偏VSP反演Q值CFS方法及影响因素研究[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(6):1897-1904. Wu YT,Zhu G M,Liu Y K,et al.Study on CFS method in Q inversion using zero-offset VSP data[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2010,25(6):1897-1904.
[15]余振,王彦春,何静.一种稳定的VSP反Q滤波方法[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(5):1676-1684. Yu Z,Wang Y C,He J.A stable inverse Q filtering method for VSP[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2010,25 (5):1676-1684.
[16]井西利,杨长春.求解地震静校正问题的双尺度反演方法[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1460-1466. Jing X L,Yang C C.A dual-scale inversion algorithm for surface consistent statics[J],Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(5):1460-1466.
[17]王海燕,高锐,马永生,等.若尔盖盆地—西秦岭造山带结合部位深反射资料的静校正和去噪技术[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3):743-749. Wang H Y,Gao R,Ma Y S,et al.Static correction and noise removal for deep seismic reflection data from the contact zone of the Zoige and the west Qinling orogen[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(3):743-749.
[18]韩晓丽,杨长春,麻三怀,等.复杂山区初至波层析反演静校正[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2):475-483. Han X L,Yang C C,Ma S H,et al.Static of tomographic inversion by first breaks in complex areas[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(2):475-483.
[19]孙明,夏斌,林君,等.广义线性反演初至折射静校技术在金属矿区的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2):545-551. Sun M,Xia B,Lin J,et al.Technique of GLI first-break refraction statics correctionsand it s application in metal deposit[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23 (2):545-551.
[20]张前,陈超,刘江平.提高浅层地震反射静校正精度的一种方法与数值模拟[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(1):348- 356. Zhang Q,Chen C,Liu J P.A method of improving the shallow seismic reflection static correction and numerical simulation[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2009, 24(1):348-356
[21]李国发,常索亮,侯伯刚.起伏地表煤田地震资料静校正[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(3):1058-1064. Li G F,Chang S L,Hou B G.Static corrections for coalfield seismic data in relief surface areas[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2009,24(3):1058-1064.
[22]张伟,皮金云,王彦春,等.模型约束三维折射静校正方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(4):1468-1472. Zhang W,Pi J Y,Wang Y C,et al.A study of the modelconstrained 3-D refraction static correction method[J]. Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2009,24(4):1468—1472.
[23]孙维昭,谷跃民,徐刚,等.高分辨率近地表速度模型重建及在静校正中应用[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(5):1757 -1762. Sun W Z,Gu Y M,Xu G,et al.Reconstruction of the highresolution near-surface velocity model and its application to the static correction under complex surface conditions[J]. Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2010,25(5):1757- 1762.
[24]Thomsen L.Weak elastic anisotropy[J].Geophysics,1986, 51(10):1954-1966.
[25]Thomsen L.Understanding Seismic Anisotropy in Exploration and Exploitation[M].SEG &EAGE 2002 Distinguished Instructor Short Course,2002.
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