强震条件下双面坡变形破坏机理的振动台物理模拟试验研究
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摘要
5.12汶川地震引发了数以万计的崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害。为了研究双面坡在强震条件下的动力响应规律,本文在大量野外调查的基础上,采用振动台物理模拟试验手段,设计完成了四类11个模型试验,从改变模型的坡度和坡顶宽度、软岩硬岩结合、阶梯状坡形等角度,较系统地研究了双面坡在强震作用下的响应规律。试验结果显示:强震条件下地震水平惯性力是导致边坡破坏的主要原因;在地震情况下边坡变形破坏表现出明显的初动破坏效应;振动过程中双坡具有明显的共剪效应,坡面为阶梯状时其共剪效应更明显;坡体结构为上软下硬时下部硬岩对振动具有一定的放大效应,上硬下软时坡体易整体偏移产生变形破坏。试验结论与实际情况基本符合。
5·12 Wenchuan earthquake triggered thousands of rock-collapses,landslides,debris flows and other geological disasters.In order to study the response of the double-sides slope to the earthquake,we designed a total of 11 models according to the field investigation.We took four factors into consideration to study the seismic response of the slope.The four factors are the slope-degree,the top width of slope,structure combination and the shape of the double-sides slope.The tests manifested that(a)seismic inertia force is the main factor that results in slope failure;(b)the deformation and failure of the slope has a relation to the initial seismic direction;(c)the double-sides slope shows an conjugated-shear phenomenon;(d)different structure combinations of slopes result in different failure modes;e)the conjugated-shear phenomenon is more obvious on the ladder-shaped double-sides slope.The test findings are well in line with the results of field investigation.
5·12 Wenchuan earthquake triggered thousands of rock-collapses,landslides,debris flows and other geological disasters.In order to study the response of the double-sides slope to the earthquake,we designed a total of 11 models according to the field investigation.We took four factors into consideration to study the seismic response of the slope.The four factors are the slope-degree,the top width of slope,structure combination and the shape of the double-sides slope.The tests manifested that(a)seismic inertia force is the main factor that results in slope failure;(b)the deformation and failure of the slope has a relation to the initial seismic direction;(c)the double-sides slope shows an conjugated-shear phenomenon;(d)different structure combinations of slopes result in different failure modes;e)the conjugated-shear phenomenon is more obvious on the ladder-shaped double-sides slope.The test findings are well in line with the results of field investigation.
引文
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[8]王运生,罗永红,吉峰,等.汶川大地震山地灾害发育的控制因素分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):759~763.Wang Yunsheng,Luo Yonghong,Ji Feng,et al.Analysis of thecontrolling factors on geo-hazards in mountainous epicenter zones ofthe Wenchuan earthquake.Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(6):759~763.
[9]黄润秋,裴向军,李天斌.汶川地震触发大光包巨型滑坡基本特征及形成机理分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):730~741.Huang Runqiu,Pei Xiangjun,Li Tianbin.Basic characteristics andformation mechanism of the largest scale landslide at DAGUNG-BAO occurred during the Wenchuan earthquake.Journal of Engi-neering Geology,2008,16(6):730~741.
[2]冯文凯,许强,黄润秋.斜坡震裂变形力学机制初探[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2009,28(增1):3124~3130.Feng Wenkai,Xu Qiang,Huang Runqiu.Preliminary study on me-chanical mechanism of slope Earthquake-induced deformation.Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering.2009,28(s1):3124~3130.
[3]徐光兴,姚令侃,高召宁,等.边坡动力特性与动力响应的大型振动台模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2008,27(3):624~632.Xu Guangxing,Yao Lingkan,Gao Zhaoning,et al.Large scale sha-king table model test study on dynamic characteristics and dynamicresponses of slope.Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering.2008,27(3):624~632.
[4]许向宁.高地震烈度区山体变形破裂机制地质分析与地质力学模拟研究.(博士论文)[D].成都:成都理工大学.2006.Xu Xiangning.Geological Analysis and Geomechanics AnalogStudy of Mountain Deformation-Failure Mechanism in High Earth-quake-Intensity Area.(Ph.D.Dissertation).Chengdu Universityof Technology,chengdu.2006.
[5]张平,吴德伦.动荷载下边坡滑动的试验研究[J].重庆建筑大学学报.1997.19(2):80~86.Zhang Ping,Wu Delun.A Shaking-Table Test Research onRock Slope.Journal of Chongqing J ianzhu University.1997.19(2):80~86.
[6]梁庆国,韩文峰,马润勇,谌文武.强地震动作用下层状岩体破坏的物理模拟研究[J].岩土力学.2005.26(8):1307~1311.Liang Qingguo,Han Wenfeng,Ma Runyong,Chen Wenwu.Physi-cal simulation study on dynamic failures of layered rock masses un-der strong ground motion.Rock and Soil Mechanics.2005.26(8):1307~1311.
[7]张倬元,王士天,王兰生.工程地质分析原理[M].北京:地质出版社,1994.Zhang Zhuoyuan,Wang Shitian,Wang Lansheng.Principles of en-gineering geological analysis.Beijing:Geological PublishingHouse,1994.
[8]王运生,罗永红,吉峰,等.汶川大地震山地灾害发育的控制因素分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):759~763.Wang Yunsheng,Luo Yonghong,Ji Feng,et al.Analysis of thecontrolling factors on geo-hazards in mountainous epicenter zones ofthe Wenchuan earthquake.Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(6):759~763.
[9]黄润秋,裴向军,李天斌.汶川地震触发大光包巨型滑坡基本特征及形成机理分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):730~741.Huang Runqiu,Pei Xiangjun,Li Tianbin.Basic characteristics andformation mechanism of the largest scale landslide at DAGUNG-BAO occurred during the Wenchuan earthquake.Journal of Engi-neering Geology,2008,16(6):730~741.
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