南海北部海陆联合深地震探测及其地质学意义
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摘要
南海北部海陆地震联测经历了旧气枪震源的初始试验、大容量气枪的引进与改造、陆上台站和海底地震仪联合接收等3个阶段,填补了海陆过渡带深部结构的研究空白,其结果显示滨海断裂带在速度结构上表现为低速特征,并揭示了南海北部陆缘地震带的深部发震构造与地壳内部低速结构和交叉断裂的耦合作用存在紧密联系。西沙和南沙海陆联测为北部联测的进一步工作,可以构建穿越南海北部陆缘、西沙地块到南沙地块等陆缘的超长地壳结构剖面,对我们揭示南沙地块内部微块体结构、南沙地块及其邻区的深部速度结构以及南沙地块与周边海盆、陆块间过渡带的综合地质地球物理结构,了解南沙地块现今的构造状态与构造变迁历史,解译南沙地块裂离演变过程等具有重要意义。
The onshore-offshore seismic exploration in the northern South China Sea has experienced three stages: initial test using old air-gun source,import and improvement of large volume air-gun,and joint receive air-gun signal of land seismic stations and Ocean Bottom Seismometers.These experiments have filled the gaps in deep structure of land-ocean transitional area.The results show that the Binhai Fault Zone is a low velocity zone in the velocity structure,and reveal that the deep seismogenic structure of continental marginal seismic belt along the northern South China Sea is much involved in coupled function of low velocity zone in crustal structure and intersecting faults.The joint onshore-offshore deep seismic prospect links the crusts of land and sea perfectly;it can also construct the ultra long crustal structure profile across from the northern continental margin of the South China Sea and Xisha Block to Nansha Block.These experiments play an important role in revealing the structure of micro-blocks in Nansha Block,deep velocity structure of Nansha Block and its adjacent area,the integrated geophysical structure of Nansha Block and peripheral basin,and the transitional area between landmasses. Meanwhile,these experiments are conducive to know the current structural state and tectonic evolution history of Nansha Block and to interpret split-breakup process of Nansha Block.
The onshore-offshore seismic exploration in the northern South China Sea has experienced three stages: initial test using old air-gun source,import and improvement of large volume air-gun,and joint receive air-gun signal of land seismic stations and Ocean Bottom Seismometers.These experiments have filled the gaps in deep structure of land-ocean transitional area.The results show that the Binhai Fault Zone is a low velocity zone in the velocity structure,and reveal that the deep seismogenic structure of continental marginal seismic belt along the northern South China Sea is much involved in coupled function of low velocity zone in crustal structure and intersecting faults.The joint onshore-offshore deep seismic prospect links the crusts of land and sea perfectly;it can also construct the ultra long crustal structure profile across from the northern continental margin of the South China Sea and Xisha Block to Nansha Block.These experiments play an important role in revealing the structure of micro-blocks in Nansha Block,deep velocity structure of Nansha Block and its adjacent area,the integrated geophysical structure of Nansha Block and peripheral basin,and the transitional area between landmasses. Meanwhile,these experiments are conducive to know the current structural state and tectonic evolution history of Nansha Block and to interpret split-breakup process of Nansha Block.
引文
[1]RU K.The development of the superimposed basin on thenorthern margin of the South China sea and its tectonicsignificance[J].Oil and Gas(Geology),1988,9(1):22-31.
[2]ZHOU D,RU K,CHEN H Z.Kinematics of Cenozoicextension on the South China Sea continental margin and itsimplications for the tectonic evolution of the region.[J].Tectonophysics,1995,251(1-4):161-177.
[3]孙珍,钟志洪,周蒂,等.南海的发育机制研究:相似模拟证据[J].中国科学:D辑地球科学,2006,36(9):797-810.
[4]廖其林,王振明,王屏路,等.福州-泉州-汕头地区地壳结构的爆炸地震研究[J].地球物理学报,1988,3l:270-280.
[5]尹周勋,赖明惠,熊绍柏,等.华南连县-博罗-港口地带地壳结构及速度分布的爆炸地震探测结果[J].地球物理学报,1999,42(3):383-392.
[6]熊绍柏,金东敏,孙克忠,等.福建漳州地热田及其邻近地区的地壳深部构造特征[J].地球物理学报,1991,34:55-63.
[7]陈颙,朱日祥.设立“地下明灯研究计划”的建议[J].地球科学进展,2005,20(5):485-489.
[8]丘学林,施小斌,阎贫,等.南海北部地壳结构的深地震探测和研究新进展[J].自然科学进展,2003,13(3):231-236.
[9]李家彪.中国边缘海形成演化与资源效应[M].北京:海洋出版社,2008:43.
[10]NISSEN S S,HAYES D E,BUHL P,et al.Deep penetrationseismic soundings across the northern margin of the SouthChina Sea[J].J Geophys Res,1995,100(B11):22407-22433.
[11]QIU X L,YE S Y,WU S M,et al.Crustal structure acrossthe Xisha Trough,northwestern South China Sea[J].Tectonophysics,2001,341:179-193.
[12]YAN P,ZHOU D,LIU Z S.A crustal structure profile acrossthe northern continental margin of the South China Sea[J].Tectonophysics,2001,338:1-21.
[13]WANG T K,CHEN M K,LEE C S,et al.Seismic imagingof the transitional crust across the northeastern margin of theSouth China Sea[J].Tectonophysics,2006,412:237-254.
[14]WU S M,QIU X L,ZHOU D,et al.Crustal structurebeneath Yinggehai basin and adjacent Hainan Island,and itstectonic implication[J].Journal of Earth Sciences,2009,20:13-26.
[15]姚伯初,曾维军,陈艺中,等.南海北部陆缘东部的地壳结构[J].地球物理学报,1994,37(1):27-35.
[16]姚伯初,曾维军,HAYES D E,等.中美合作调研南海地质专报[C].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1994:203.
[17]龚再升,李思田,谢泰俊,等.南海北部大陆边缘盆地分析与油气聚集[M].北京:科学出版社,1997:510.
[18]丘学林,赵明辉,叶春明,等.南海东北部海陆联测与海底地震仪探测[J].大地构造与成矿学,2003b,27(4):295-300.
[19]丘学林,陈颙,朱日祥,等.大容量气枪震源在海陆联测中的应用:南海北部试验结果分析[J].科学通报,2007,52(4):463-369.
[20]阮爱国,丘学林,李家彪,等.中国海洋深地震探测与研究进展[J].华南地震,2009,29(2):10-18.
[21]孙金龙,夏少红,徐辉龙,等.2010年南海北部海陆联测项目简介及初步成果[J].华南地震,2010,30(增刊):45-52.
[22]赵明辉,丘学林,叶春明,等.南海东北部海陆深地震联测与滨海断裂带两侧地壳结构分析[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(5):845-852.
[23]徐辉龙,丘学林,赵明辉,等.南海东北部南澳大地震(M=7.5)震中区的地壳结构特征与震源构造[J].科学通报,2006(增刊Ⅱ):83-91.
[24]夏少红,丘学林,赵明辉,等.香港与珠三角地区海陆联合地震探测的数据处理[J].热带海洋学报,2007,26(1):35-38.
[25]赵明辉,丘学林,夏少红,等.大容量气枪震源及其波形特征[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(2):558-565.
[26]夏少红,丘学林,赵明辉,等.香港外海域海陆地震联测及深部地壳结构研究[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(5):1389-1397.
[27]XIA S H,ZHAO M H,QIU X L,et al.Crustal structure in anonshore–offshore transitional zone near Hong Kong,northern South China Sea[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2010,37:460-472.
[28]徐夕生,谢昕.中国东南部晚中生代—新生代玄武岩与壳幔作用[J].地质学报,2005,11(3):318-334.
[2]ZHOU D,RU K,CHEN H Z.Kinematics of Cenozoicextension on the South China Sea continental margin and itsimplications for the tectonic evolution of the region.[J].Tectonophysics,1995,251(1-4):161-177.
[3]孙珍,钟志洪,周蒂,等.南海的发育机制研究:相似模拟证据[J].中国科学:D辑地球科学,2006,36(9):797-810.
[4]廖其林,王振明,王屏路,等.福州-泉州-汕头地区地壳结构的爆炸地震研究[J].地球物理学报,1988,3l:270-280.
[5]尹周勋,赖明惠,熊绍柏,等.华南连县-博罗-港口地带地壳结构及速度分布的爆炸地震探测结果[J].地球物理学报,1999,42(3):383-392.
[6]熊绍柏,金东敏,孙克忠,等.福建漳州地热田及其邻近地区的地壳深部构造特征[J].地球物理学报,1991,34:55-63.
[7]陈颙,朱日祥.设立“地下明灯研究计划”的建议[J].地球科学进展,2005,20(5):485-489.
[8]丘学林,施小斌,阎贫,等.南海北部地壳结构的深地震探测和研究新进展[J].自然科学进展,2003,13(3):231-236.
[9]李家彪.中国边缘海形成演化与资源效应[M].北京:海洋出版社,2008:43.
[10]NISSEN S S,HAYES D E,BUHL P,et al.Deep penetrationseismic soundings across the northern margin of the SouthChina Sea[J].J Geophys Res,1995,100(B11):22407-22433.
[11]QIU X L,YE S Y,WU S M,et al.Crustal structure acrossthe Xisha Trough,northwestern South China Sea[J].Tectonophysics,2001,341:179-193.
[12]YAN P,ZHOU D,LIU Z S.A crustal structure profile acrossthe northern continental margin of the South China Sea[J].Tectonophysics,2001,338:1-21.
[13]WANG T K,CHEN M K,LEE C S,et al.Seismic imagingof the transitional crust across the northeastern margin of theSouth China Sea[J].Tectonophysics,2006,412:237-254.
[14]WU S M,QIU X L,ZHOU D,et al.Crustal structurebeneath Yinggehai basin and adjacent Hainan Island,and itstectonic implication[J].Journal of Earth Sciences,2009,20:13-26.
[15]姚伯初,曾维军,陈艺中,等.南海北部陆缘东部的地壳结构[J].地球物理学报,1994,37(1):27-35.
[16]姚伯初,曾维军,HAYES D E,等.中美合作调研南海地质专报[C].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1994:203.
[17]龚再升,李思田,谢泰俊,等.南海北部大陆边缘盆地分析与油气聚集[M].北京:科学出版社,1997:510.
[18]丘学林,赵明辉,叶春明,等.南海东北部海陆联测与海底地震仪探测[J].大地构造与成矿学,2003b,27(4):295-300.
[19]丘学林,陈颙,朱日祥,等.大容量气枪震源在海陆联测中的应用:南海北部试验结果分析[J].科学通报,2007,52(4):463-369.
[20]阮爱国,丘学林,李家彪,等.中国海洋深地震探测与研究进展[J].华南地震,2009,29(2):10-18.
[21]孙金龙,夏少红,徐辉龙,等.2010年南海北部海陆联测项目简介及初步成果[J].华南地震,2010,30(增刊):45-52.
[22]赵明辉,丘学林,叶春明,等.南海东北部海陆深地震联测与滨海断裂带两侧地壳结构分析[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(5):845-852.
[23]徐辉龙,丘学林,赵明辉,等.南海东北部南澳大地震(M=7.5)震中区的地壳结构特征与震源构造[J].科学通报,2006(增刊Ⅱ):83-91.
[24]夏少红,丘学林,赵明辉,等.香港与珠三角地区海陆联合地震探测的数据处理[J].热带海洋学报,2007,26(1):35-38.
[25]赵明辉,丘学林,夏少红,等.大容量气枪震源及其波形特征[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(2):558-565.
[26]夏少红,丘学林,赵明辉,等.香港外海域海陆地震联测及深部地壳结构研究[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(5):1389-1397.
[27]XIA S H,ZHAO M H,QIU X L,et al.Crustal structure in anonshore–offshore transitional zone near Hong Kong,northern South China Sea[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2010,37:460-472.
[28]徐夕生,谢昕.中国东南部晚中生代—新生代玄武岩与壳幔作用[J].地质学报,2005,11(3):318-334.
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