黑龙江五大连池火山群火山分布与断裂关系新认识
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摘要
五大连池是世界陆内单成因火山的典型代表,明确断裂与火山排布关系对研究此类火山活动过程具有重要意义。通过地表观察与遥感图像解译,结合区域构造、地表出露断裂或破裂带、火山喷发时间次序(如一些火山存在由SW向NE依次喷发的规律)、区域剖面图以及不同向排布的火山规模规律等现象,研究了五大连池陆内单成因火山群火山排布与断裂的相关关系,认为五大连池地区具有NE,NW和近E-W三组方向的7条断层。区域大地电磁资料以及东北地区深部构造研究也支持这一分析。由于这三组方向的断裂还出现于火山活动之前的花岗岩之中,加之地震数据、地质历史时期的应力状态以及河流阶地研究显示在火山活动时期本地区不存在活动断裂,这些断裂应该形成于五大连池火山活动之前,并在火山作用过程中为岩浆提供了向上运移的通道,从而形成了现今的地表火山分布,即三组火山沿NE向断裂排布,两组火山沿NW向断裂分布,两组火山沿近E-W向断层排布。
The Wudalianchi National Park is located in Heilongjiang province,northeastern China,where the volcanoes are the best examples of the intra-continental monogenetic volcanoes in the world.There are also numerous faults developed in the volcanic strata.If the relationship between the fault system and the distribution of volcanoes in the area could be well analyzed and interpreted,it would be of great importance for understanding the evolution of volcanic activities of this kind.Research work shown in this article is done to study the correlativity between distribution of the intra-continental monogenetic volcanoes in Wudalianchiare and the local fractures.From ground surface observation and remote sensing image interpretation,together with the study on regional structure,falults and fault zone outcroping,volcanoes erupting sequence(such as the fact that some volcanoes erupted regularly in turns,progressively from SW to NE),regional profiles and paying attention to the fact that volcanoes in different spreading directions are of different scales,we come to the conclusion that the 7 faults discovered in the area actually belong to three faults groups.The strikes of these three groups are NE,NW and nearly E-W,respectively.Regional electromagnetic data and previous research on deep structure in northeastern China also give support to the view.Fractures of these three strikes appeared in granites temporally formed before the volcanic activies in time.Seismic data,stress state in geological history,as well as study on river terraces,all demonstrate that there were no active fractures taking place during volcanic eruption period in the area.Cusequently,the fractures should exist prior to the volcanic activities in Wudalianchi area.At the times of volcanic eruptions,the faults provided pathways for the underground magmas to migrate upward towards surface,and finally led to forming this kind of volcano distribution seen nowadays on ground surface in Wudalianchi area.It means fhat three groups of volcanoes are distributed along the NE trending faults,two groups along the NW trending faults,and the other two groups nearly E-W trending.
The Wudalianchi National Park is located in Heilongjiang province,northeastern China,where the volcanoes are the best examples of the intra-continental monogenetic volcanoes in the world.There are also numerous faults developed in the volcanic strata.If the relationship between the fault system and the distribution of volcanoes in the area could be well analyzed and interpreted,it would be of great importance for understanding the evolution of volcanic activities of this kind.Research work shown in this article is done to study the correlativity between distribution of the intra-continental monogenetic volcanoes in Wudalianchiare and the local fractures.From ground surface observation and remote sensing image interpretation,together with the study on regional structure,falults and fault zone outcroping,volcanoes erupting sequence(such as the fact that some volcanoes erupted regularly in turns,progressively from SW to NE),regional profiles and paying attention to the fact that volcanoes in different spreading directions are of different scales,we come to the conclusion that the 7 faults discovered in the area actually belong to three faults groups.The strikes of these three groups are NE,NW and nearly E-W,respectively.Regional electromagnetic data and previous research on deep structure in northeastern China also give support to the view.Fractures of these three strikes appeared in granites temporally formed before the volcanic activies in time.Seismic data,stress state in geological history,as well as study on river terraces,all demonstrate that there were no active fractures taking place during volcanic eruption period in the area.Cusequently,the fractures should exist prior to the volcanic activities in Wudalianchi area.At the times of volcanic eruptions,the faults provided pathways for the underground magmas to migrate upward towards surface,and finally led to forming this kind of volcano distribution seen nowadays on ground surface in Wudalianchi area.It means fhat three groups of volcanoes are distributed along the NE trending faults,two groups along the NW trending faults,and the other two groups nearly E-W trending.
引文
Chen Hongzhou,Liu Yongshun and Gao Feng.2004.Two-stage eruption of Laoheishan volcano in Wudalianchi[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,13(1):8-9.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Chen Hongzhou,Ren Jinzhang and Wu Xuejuan.1999.Volcanic eruptive processes and characteristics of the current volcanoes in the Wudalianchi volcano clusters known from Manchurian-language historical archives discovered at present[J].Geological Review,45(Suppl.):409-413.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Fan Qi cheng,Liu Ruoxin and Sui Jianli.1999.Petrology and geochemistry of rifttype Wudalianchi K-rich volcanic rock zone[J].Geological Review,45(Suppl.):358-368.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Fu We izhou.1996.Deep earthquakes in northeastern China and their tectonic significance[J].Journal of Changchun University of Earth Sciences,26(3):316-321.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Gong Jiesheng.1997a.Discussion on the activity of Wudalianchi volcano[J].Heilongjiang Geology,8(4):88-94.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Gong Jiesheng.1997b.Tectonic setting,age and eruption type of the Wudalianchi volcanoes[J].Heilongjiang Geology,8(4):19-28.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Hong Hanjing,Wu Jianping,Wang Qingliang,et al.2007.volcanic threat levels and classification of volcanic activities in China[J].Seismology and Geology,29(3):447-458.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Lv Zon gwen.1994.Volcanic structure of the present-day volcanic group Wudalianchi and its forming mechanism[J].Volcanology and Mineral Resources,15(1):6-21.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Qin Haipeng.2009.Characteristics of Tension Fissures and Genetic Analysis on the Western Lava Flows of Laoheishan Volcano,Wudalianchi[D].Master's thesis,Capital Normal University.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Shao Ji,an and Zhang Wenlan.2008a.The evolving rift belt—Wudalianchi volcanic rock belt[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2008,15(6):241-250.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Shao Ji,an,Zhang Wenlan and Zhang Cong.2008b.Mantle enrichment of Wudalianchi volcanic rock belt[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,24(11):2485-2494.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Tsutom u O.1936.Investigation report of geological survey in Wudalianchi volcanoes,Heilongjiang Province(in Japanese)[R].Lvshun:Lvshun University of Technology.
Wang Xianzheng.1994.Tectonic setting of the Wudalianchi potassic alkalic basalt and its significance[J].Heilongjiang Geology,5(4):21-32.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wang Yu,Chen Hongzhou and Yang Senlin.2000.Regional Geological Background of Wudalianchi Volcanic Field[R].Beijing:Institude of Geology,China Earthquake Administration.
Wang Yu,Li Chunfeng and Chen Hongzhou.1999.Tectonic settings of Cenozoic volcanism in northeastern China[J].Geological Review45(Suppl.),180-189.(in Chinese with English abstract.)
Wang Y and Chen H.2005.Tectonic controls on the Pleistocene-Holocene Wudalianchi volcanic field(northeastern China)[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,24:419-431.
Wang Yunpeng,Mu Lixia and Liu Wen.1997a.Activity regularity and characteristics of Wudalianchi volcanoes[J].Heilongjiang Geology,8(4):64-70.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wang Yunpeng,Zhu Xingxiang,Li Pu,et al.1997b.Research on the Wudalianchi magnetostrata[J].Heilongjiang Geology[J],8(4):12-18.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wood C A and Kienle J.1990.Volcanoes of North America:United States and Canada[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.354.
Xiao L and Wang C.2008.Geologic features of Wudalianchi volcanic field,northeastern China:Implications for Martian volcanology[J].Planetary and Space Science,57:685-698.
Xu Y anqiang.1997a.The type and pattern of eruption in the Quaternary Wudalianchi volcanic cluster[J].Northeastern Seismological Research,4:3-11.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Xu Ya nqiang.2007b.How many times of eruption did Wudalianchi have—from new historic materials(1)[J].Heilongjiang Land and Resources,(1):50-51.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Xu Ya nqiang.2007c.How many volcanoes does Wudalianchi have-—from new historic materials(2)[J].Heilongjiang Land and Resources,(1):54-55.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhan Yan,Zhao Guoze,Wang Jijun,et al.2005.Crustal electric conductivity structure for Wudalianchi volcanic cluster in the Heilongjiang province,China[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,22(6):1494-1502.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang Fengming,Xu Xiaoyan,Zhang Shouguo,et al.2000.The volcano tectonic environment and earthquake activity in Wudalianchi[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,9(3):133-137.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhao Yi,Zou Weidong and Zhou Hao.1999.The analysis of Wudalianchi volcanoes hazard[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,8(4):139-146.(in Chinese with English abstract)
陈洪洲,刘永顺,高峰.2004.五大连池老黑山火山的两次喷发活动[J].自然灾害学报,13(1):8-9.
陈洪洲,任锦章,吴雪娟.1999.从新发现的满文史料看五大连池新期火山喷发过程与特征[J].地质论评,45(增刊):409-413.
樊棋诚,刘若新,隋建立.1999.五大连池裂谷型富钾火山岩的岩石学和地球化学[J].地质论评,45(增刊):358-368.
傅维洲.1996.中国东北深震及其构造意义[J].长春地质学院学报,26(3):316-321.
巩杰生.1997a.论五大连池火山的活动性[J].黑龙江地质,8(4):88-94.
巩杰生.1997b.五大连池火山的构造环境、时代和类型[J].黑龙江地质,8(4):19-28.
洪汉净,吴建平,王庆良,等.2007.中国火山危险性等级与活动性分类[J].地震地质,29(3):448-458.
吕宗文.1994.黑龙江五大连池火山群现代火山构造及其形成机制[J].火山地质与矿产,15(1):6-21.
秦海鹏.2009.五大连池老黑山西部熔岩流的张裂特征及其成因分析[D].北京:首都师范大学.
邵济安,张文兰.2008a.演化中的裂谷带—五大连池火山岩带[J].地学前缘,15(6):241-250.
邵济安,张文兰,张聪.2008b.五大连池火山岩带的地慢富集作用[J].岩石学报,24(11):2485-2494.
王先政.1994.五大连池钾质碱性玄武岩产出的构造环境及意义[J].黑龙江地质,5(4):21-32.
王瑜,陈洪洲,杨森林.2000.《五大连池地区火山作用的地质构造背景》[R].北京:中国地震局地质研究所.
王瑜,李春风,陈洪洲.1999.中国东北地区新生代火山活动的构造背景[J].地质论评,45(增刊):180-189.
王允鹏,穆丽霞,刘文.1997a.五大连池活动规律及特征[J].黑龙江地质,8(4):64-70.
王允鹏,朱兴翔,李谱等.1997b.五大连池磁性地层初步研究[J].黑龙江地质,8(4):12-18.
小仓勉(日).1936.龙江省五大连池火山地质调查报告(日文)[R].旅顺:旅顺工科大学.
徐衍强.1997a.五大连池第四纪火山群的喷发类型和喷发方式[J].黑龙江地质,8(4):3-11,28.
徐衍强.2007b.五大连池到底喷发过几次——解读五大连池火山喷发新史料之一[J].黑龙江国土资源,(1):50-51.
徐衍强.2007c.五大连池到底有多少火山——解读五大连池火山喷发新史料之二[J].黑龙江国土资源,(2):54-55.
詹艳,赵国泽,王继军,等.2006.黑龙江五大连池火山群地壳电性结构[J].岩石学报,22(6):1494-1502.
张凤鸣,许晓艳,张守国,等.2000.五大连池火山构造环境与地震活动[J].自然灾害学报,9(3):133-137.
赵谊,邹卫东,周皓.1999.五大连池火山危险性分析[J].自然灾害学报,8(4):139-146.
Chen Hongzhou,Ren Jinzhang and Wu Xuejuan.1999.Volcanic eruptive processes and characteristics of the current volcanoes in the Wudalianchi volcano clusters known from Manchurian-language historical archives discovered at present[J].Geological Review,45(Suppl.):409-413.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Fan Qi cheng,Liu Ruoxin and Sui Jianli.1999.Petrology and geochemistry of rifttype Wudalianchi K-rich volcanic rock zone[J].Geological Review,45(Suppl.):358-368.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Fu We izhou.1996.Deep earthquakes in northeastern China and their tectonic significance[J].Journal of Changchun University of Earth Sciences,26(3):316-321.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Gong Jiesheng.1997a.Discussion on the activity of Wudalianchi volcano[J].Heilongjiang Geology,8(4):88-94.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Gong Jiesheng.1997b.Tectonic setting,age and eruption type of the Wudalianchi volcanoes[J].Heilongjiang Geology,8(4):19-28.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Hong Hanjing,Wu Jianping,Wang Qingliang,et al.2007.volcanic threat levels and classification of volcanic activities in China[J].Seismology and Geology,29(3):447-458.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Lv Zon gwen.1994.Volcanic structure of the present-day volcanic group Wudalianchi and its forming mechanism[J].Volcanology and Mineral Resources,15(1):6-21.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Qin Haipeng.2009.Characteristics of Tension Fissures and Genetic Analysis on the Western Lava Flows of Laoheishan Volcano,Wudalianchi[D].Master's thesis,Capital Normal University.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Shao Ji,an and Zhang Wenlan.2008a.The evolving rift belt—Wudalianchi volcanic rock belt[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2008,15(6):241-250.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Shao Ji,an,Zhang Wenlan and Zhang Cong.2008b.Mantle enrichment of Wudalianchi volcanic rock belt[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,24(11):2485-2494.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Tsutom u O.1936.Investigation report of geological survey in Wudalianchi volcanoes,Heilongjiang Province(in Japanese)[R].Lvshun:Lvshun University of Technology.
Wang Xianzheng.1994.Tectonic setting of the Wudalianchi potassic alkalic basalt and its significance[J].Heilongjiang Geology,5(4):21-32.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wang Yu,Chen Hongzhou and Yang Senlin.2000.Regional Geological Background of Wudalianchi Volcanic Field[R].Beijing:Institude of Geology,China Earthquake Administration.
Wang Yu,Li Chunfeng and Chen Hongzhou.1999.Tectonic settings of Cenozoic volcanism in northeastern China[J].Geological Review45(Suppl.),180-189.(in Chinese with English abstract.)
Wang Y and Chen H.2005.Tectonic controls on the Pleistocene-Holocene Wudalianchi volcanic field(northeastern China)[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,24:419-431.
Wang Yunpeng,Mu Lixia and Liu Wen.1997a.Activity regularity and characteristics of Wudalianchi volcanoes[J].Heilongjiang Geology,8(4):64-70.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wang Yunpeng,Zhu Xingxiang,Li Pu,et al.1997b.Research on the Wudalianchi magnetostrata[J].Heilongjiang Geology[J],8(4):12-18.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wood C A and Kienle J.1990.Volcanoes of North America:United States and Canada[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.354.
Xiao L and Wang C.2008.Geologic features of Wudalianchi volcanic field,northeastern China:Implications for Martian volcanology[J].Planetary and Space Science,57:685-698.
Xu Y anqiang.1997a.The type and pattern of eruption in the Quaternary Wudalianchi volcanic cluster[J].Northeastern Seismological Research,4:3-11.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Xu Ya nqiang.2007b.How many times of eruption did Wudalianchi have—from new historic materials(1)[J].Heilongjiang Land and Resources,(1):50-51.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Xu Ya nqiang.2007c.How many volcanoes does Wudalianchi have-—from new historic materials(2)[J].Heilongjiang Land and Resources,(1):54-55.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhan Yan,Zhao Guoze,Wang Jijun,et al.2005.Crustal electric conductivity structure for Wudalianchi volcanic cluster in the Heilongjiang province,China[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,22(6):1494-1502.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang Fengming,Xu Xiaoyan,Zhang Shouguo,et al.2000.The volcano tectonic environment and earthquake activity in Wudalianchi[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,9(3):133-137.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhao Yi,Zou Weidong and Zhou Hao.1999.The analysis of Wudalianchi volcanoes hazard[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,8(4):139-146.(in Chinese with English abstract)
陈洪洲,刘永顺,高峰.2004.五大连池老黑山火山的两次喷发活动[J].自然灾害学报,13(1):8-9.
陈洪洲,任锦章,吴雪娟.1999.从新发现的满文史料看五大连池新期火山喷发过程与特征[J].地质论评,45(增刊):409-413.
樊棋诚,刘若新,隋建立.1999.五大连池裂谷型富钾火山岩的岩石学和地球化学[J].地质论评,45(增刊):358-368.
傅维洲.1996.中国东北深震及其构造意义[J].长春地质学院学报,26(3):316-321.
巩杰生.1997a.论五大连池火山的活动性[J].黑龙江地质,8(4):88-94.
巩杰生.1997b.五大连池火山的构造环境、时代和类型[J].黑龙江地质,8(4):19-28.
洪汉净,吴建平,王庆良,等.2007.中国火山危险性等级与活动性分类[J].地震地质,29(3):448-458.
吕宗文.1994.黑龙江五大连池火山群现代火山构造及其形成机制[J].火山地质与矿产,15(1):6-21.
秦海鹏.2009.五大连池老黑山西部熔岩流的张裂特征及其成因分析[D].北京:首都师范大学.
邵济安,张文兰.2008a.演化中的裂谷带—五大连池火山岩带[J].地学前缘,15(6):241-250.
邵济安,张文兰,张聪.2008b.五大连池火山岩带的地慢富集作用[J].岩石学报,24(11):2485-2494.
王先政.1994.五大连池钾质碱性玄武岩产出的构造环境及意义[J].黑龙江地质,5(4):21-32.
王瑜,陈洪洲,杨森林.2000.《五大连池地区火山作用的地质构造背景》[R].北京:中国地震局地质研究所.
王瑜,李春风,陈洪洲.1999.中国东北地区新生代火山活动的构造背景[J].地质论评,45(增刊):180-189.
王允鹏,穆丽霞,刘文.1997a.五大连池活动规律及特征[J].黑龙江地质,8(4):64-70.
王允鹏,朱兴翔,李谱等.1997b.五大连池磁性地层初步研究[J].黑龙江地质,8(4):12-18.
小仓勉(日).1936.龙江省五大连池火山地质调查报告(日文)[R].旅顺:旅顺工科大学.
徐衍强.1997a.五大连池第四纪火山群的喷发类型和喷发方式[J].黑龙江地质,8(4):3-11,28.
徐衍强.2007b.五大连池到底喷发过几次——解读五大连池火山喷发新史料之一[J].黑龙江国土资源,(1):50-51.
徐衍强.2007c.五大连池到底有多少火山——解读五大连池火山喷发新史料之二[J].黑龙江国土资源,(2):54-55.
詹艳,赵国泽,王继军,等.2006.黑龙江五大连池火山群地壳电性结构[J].岩石学报,22(6):1494-1502.
张凤鸣,许晓艳,张守国,等.2000.五大连池火山构造环境与地震活动[J].自然灾害学报,9(3):133-137.
赵谊,邹卫东,周皓.1999.五大连池火山危险性分析[J].自然灾害学报,8(4):139-146.
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