基于共聚焦点道集的叠前深度偏移
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摘要
共聚焦点(CFP)偏移技术是一种基于等时原理,将Kirchhoff积分法的一步偏移分两步聚焦(即激发聚焦和检波聚焦)来完成的叠前地震成像方法.该方法借助于逆时聚集算子和共聚焦点道集来实现叠前偏移成像.基于共聚焦点道集的叠前深度偏移是把基于共炮集的深度偏移的算法引入到CFP技术上来,基于波场延拓的理论来实现偏移成像,该方法首先生成共聚焦点道集,然后基于面炮合成的理论合成聚焦震源,最终通过相关成像来实现叠前偏移成像.该方法选取较少的聚焦点就可以实现对于地下构造的偏移成像,和炮域波动方程偏移相比,其计算效率得到了提高.通过模型试算和实际资料的试处理,验证了该方法在实现叠前深度偏移成像上的正确性和有效性.
The common-focus-point(CFP) migration technology is a kind of pre-stack seismic imaging methods based on the principle of equal traveltime,which separates Kirchhoff integral into two focusing steps (focusing on emission and focusing on detection).The method uses the time-reversed focusing operator and CFP gather to realize the prestack migration.We apply the recursive shot-record,depth migration algorithm to the CFP gathers of the seismic data and define this process as CFP-gather migration.We first get the CFP gathers and then use the theory of synthesis areal source to generate the focus source.Then based on the correlation migration we realize the pre-stack migration. Only choosing a few focusing points,we can get the migration result which is similar to the conventional common shot-records gather migration result,and improve the calculation efficiency.The experiment of the model and the process of the real data show the validity and the practicability of this method.
The common-focus-point(CFP) migration technology is a kind of pre-stack seismic imaging methods based on the principle of equal traveltime,which separates Kirchhoff integral into two focusing steps (focusing on emission and focusing on detection).The method uses the time-reversed focusing operator and CFP gather to realize the prestack migration.We apply the recursive shot-record,depth migration algorithm to the CFP gathers of the seismic data and define this process as CFP-gather migration.We first get the CFP gathers and then use the theory of synthesis areal source to generate the focus source.Then based on the correlation migration we realize the pre-stack migration. Only choosing a few focusing points,we can get the migration result which is similar to the conventional common shot-records gather migration result,and improve the calculation efficiency.The experiment of the model and the process of the real data show the validity and the practicability of this method.
引文
[1] Berkhout A J.Pushing the limits of seismic imaging.Part Ⅰ : Prestack migration in terms of double dynamic focusing[J].Geophysics,1997,62(3) :937～953．
[2] Berkhout A J.Pushing the limits of seismic imaging.Part Ⅱ : Intergration of prestack migration,velocity estimation,and AVO analvsis[J].Geophysics,1997,62(3) : 954～969
[3] 李振春,刘玉莲,张建磊,马在田,王华忠.基于矩形网格的有限差分走时计算方法[J].地震学报,2004,26(6) :644～650． Li Z C,Liu Y L,Zhang J L,Ma Z T,Wang H Z.Finitedifference calculation of traveltimes based on rectangular grid [J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2004,26(6) :644～650．
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[5] 李振春,艾秀娟.利用CFP技术解决复杂近地表问题综述[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2) :464～469． Li Z C,Ai X J.Review of using CFP technology to resolve complex near surface problems[J].Progress in Geophysics,2008,23(2) :464～469．
[6] 李振春,安琪,马光凯,徐秀刚.基于共聚焦点技术的起伏地表基准面重建[J].勘探地球物理进展,2007,30(5) :373～377。Li Z C,An Q,Ma G K,Xu X G.CFP-based redatuming from irregular topography [J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2007,30(5) :373～377．
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[9] 王锡文,张果,杨春梅.共聚焦点成像技术[J].西南石油学院学报,2004,26(5) :10～14． Wang X W,Zhang G,Yang C M.Common focus point imaging technology [J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute,2004,26(5) :10～14．
[10] 辛可锋,王华忠,马在田.基于共聚焦点技术的成像速度建模方法研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(5) :51 9～525． Xin K F,Wang H Z,Ma Z T.Imaging velocity modelbuilding method based on common focus point technique[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2004,39(5) : 519～525．
[11] 王成祥,赵波,张关泉,李顺安.地下复杂介质地震处理中的CFP技术[J].地球物理学进展,3003,18(1) :30～34． Wang C X,Zhao B,Zhang G Q,Li S A.The CFP technology in seismic processing of complex media [J].Progress in Geophysics,2003,18(1) : 30～34．
[12] 李振春,张建磊,王延光等.基于共聚焦点道集的叠前深度偏移及其应用[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2003,27(4) : 27～33． Li Z C,Zhang J L,Wang Y G,et al.Prestack depth migration based on common focus point gather and its application [J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China,2003,27(4) :27～33．
[13] Reshef M.Depth migration from irregular surfaces with the depth extrapolation methods [J].Geophysics,1991,56(1) :119～122．
[14] 张剑锋,卢宝坤,刘礼农.波动方程深度偏移的频率相关变步长延拓方法[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(1) :221～227． Zhang J F,Lu B K,Liu L N.Frequency-dependent varying-step depth extrapolation scheme for wave equation based migration [J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008,51(1) : 221～227．
[15] Rietveld W E A,Berkhout A J,Wapenaar.Optimum seismic illumination of hydrocarbon reservoirs [J].Geophysics,1992,57(10) ,1334～1345．
[16] Rietveld W E A,Berkhout A J.Prestack depth migration by means of controlled illumination[J].Geophysics,1994,59(5) :801～809．
[17] 徐秀刚,李振春,吕彬.基于波动方程的共聚焦点成像技术[J].石油物探,2007,46(4) :329～334． Xu X G,Li Z C,Lv B.Common focus-point imaging based on wave equation [J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2007,46(4) : 329～334．
[18] Ristow D,Ruth T.Fourier finite-difference migration[J].Geophysics,1994,59(12) : 1882～1893．
[19] Thorbecke J,Berkhout A J.Recursive prestack depth migration using CFP gathers[J].Geophysics,2006,71(6) : 273～283．
[20] 匡斌,王华忠,沈财余,马在田.基于共聚焦的三维最大能量积分法叠前深度偏移[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(2) : 137～140． KuangB,Wang H Z,Shen C Y,Ma Z T.The common focusing point: A new technique in seismic data processing [J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(2) : 137～140．
[21] 俞国柱,姚姚,周玉冰,等.共聚焦点(CFP)成像技术述评[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(4) :412～422． Yu G Z,Yao Y,Zhou Y B,et al.Review of common focus point(CFP)imaging technology.[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2002,37(4) :412～422．
[22] 王昌龙,张叔伦,赵景霞,等.基于控制照明的合成震源记录交互剩余偏移速度分析[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(3) :860～867． Wang C L,Zhang S L,Zhao J X,et al.Synthetic source record interactive residual migration velocity analysis based on controlled illumination [J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2007,50(3) : 860～867．
[2] Berkhout A J.Pushing the limits of seismic imaging.Part Ⅱ : Intergration of prestack migration,velocity estimation,and AVO analvsis[J].Geophysics,1997,62(3) : 954～969
[3] 李振春,刘玉莲,张建磊,马在田,王华忠.基于矩形网格的有限差分走时计算方法[J].地震学报,2004,26(6) :644～650． Li Z C,Liu Y L,Zhang J L,Ma Z T,Wang H Z.Finitedifference calculation of traveltimes based on rectangular grid [J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2004,26(6) :644～650．
[4] 董春晖.共聚焦点叠前深度偏移速度估计方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(6) :1866～1871． Dong C H.Prestack-Depth-Migration velocity analysis method based on the CFP method[J].Progress in Geophysics,2008,23(6) : 1866～1871．
[5] 李振春,艾秀娟.利用CFP技术解决复杂近地表问题综述[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2) :464～469． Li Z C,Ai X J.Review of using CFP technology to resolve complex near surface problems[J].Progress in Geophysics,2008,23(2) :464～469．
[6] 李振春,安琪,马光凯,徐秀刚.基于共聚焦点技术的起伏地表基准面重建[J].勘探地球物理进展,2007,30(5) :373～377。Li Z C,An Q,Ma G K,Xu X G.CFP-based redatuming from irregular topography [J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2007,30(5) :373～377．
[7] 叶月明,李振春,仝兆岐,等.双复杂介质条件下频率空间域有限差分法保幅偏移[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(5) :1511～1519． Ye Y M,Li Z C,Tong Z Q,et al.Preserved-amplitude migration with dual-complexity [J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008,51(5) :1511～1519．
[8] 蒋先勇,王锡文,宋启潮,等.利用共聚焦点(CFP)成像方法的地震正演[J].西南石油学院学报,2005,27(1) :17～20． Jiang X Y,Wang X W,Song Q C,et al.Seismic forward by using common focus point imaging method [J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute,2005,27(1) : 17～20．
[9] 王锡文,张果,杨春梅.共聚焦点成像技术[J].西南石油学院学报,2004,26(5) :10～14． Wang X W,Zhang G,Yang C M.Common focus point imaging technology [J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute,2004,26(5) :10～14．
[10] 辛可锋,王华忠,马在田.基于共聚焦点技术的成像速度建模方法研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(5) :51 9～525． Xin K F,Wang H Z,Ma Z T.Imaging velocity modelbuilding method based on common focus point technique[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2004,39(5) : 519～525．
[11] 王成祥,赵波,张关泉,李顺安.地下复杂介质地震处理中的CFP技术[J].地球物理学进展,3003,18(1) :30～34． Wang C X,Zhao B,Zhang G Q,Li S A.The CFP technology in seismic processing of complex media [J].Progress in Geophysics,2003,18(1) : 30～34．
[12] 李振春,张建磊,王延光等.基于共聚焦点道集的叠前深度偏移及其应用[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2003,27(4) : 27～33． Li Z C,Zhang J L,Wang Y G,et al.Prestack depth migration based on common focus point gather and its application [J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China,2003,27(4) :27～33．
[13] Reshef M.Depth migration from irregular surfaces with the depth extrapolation methods [J].Geophysics,1991,56(1) :119～122．
[14] 张剑锋,卢宝坤,刘礼农.波动方程深度偏移的频率相关变步长延拓方法[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(1) :221～227． Zhang J F,Lu B K,Liu L N.Frequency-dependent varying-step depth extrapolation scheme for wave equation based migration [J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008,51(1) : 221～227．
[15] Rietveld W E A,Berkhout A J,Wapenaar.Optimum seismic illumination of hydrocarbon reservoirs [J].Geophysics,1992,57(10) ,1334～1345．
[16] Rietveld W E A,Berkhout A J.Prestack depth migration by means of controlled illumination[J].Geophysics,1994,59(5) :801～809．
[17] 徐秀刚,李振春,吕彬.基于波动方程的共聚焦点成像技术[J].石油物探,2007,46(4) :329～334． Xu X G,Li Z C,Lv B.Common focus-point imaging based on wave equation [J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2007,46(4) : 329～334．
[18] Ristow D,Ruth T.Fourier finite-difference migration[J].Geophysics,1994,59(12) : 1882～1893．
[19] Thorbecke J,Berkhout A J.Recursive prestack depth migration using CFP gathers[J].Geophysics,2006,71(6) : 273～283．
[20] 匡斌,王华忠,沈财余,马在田.基于共聚焦的三维最大能量积分法叠前深度偏移[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(2) : 137～140． KuangB,Wang H Z,Shen C Y,Ma Z T.The common focusing point: A new technique in seismic data processing [J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(2) : 137～140．
[21] 俞国柱,姚姚,周玉冰,等.共聚焦点(CFP)成像技术述评[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(4) :412～422． Yu G Z,Yao Y,Zhou Y B,et al.Review of common focus point(CFP)imaging technology.[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2002,37(4) :412～422．
[22] 王昌龙,张叔伦,赵景霞,等.基于控制照明的合成震源记录交互剩余偏移速度分析[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(3) :860～867． Wang C L,Zhang S L,Zhao J X,et al.Synthetic source record interactive residual migration velocity analysis based on controlled illumination [J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2007,50(3) : 860～867．
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