黄河上游龙羊峡-刘家峡河段巨型滑坡形成机理分析
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摘要
在阐述黄河上游龙羊峡-刘家峡河段内巨型滑坡类型及分布基本事实的基础上,分析了巨型滑坡发育与黄河形成演化历史的关联性。认为黄河上游龙羊峡-刘家峡河段的共和盆地、贵德盆地、循化盆地经历了昆黄运动B幕(距今800ka左右)的流水侵蚀夷平,而李家峡-公伯峡及龙羊峡多隆沟西段为剥蚀台面(分水岭带);距今125ka年以来的共和运动导致了本河段的切穿贯通,并使得黄河呈阶段性塑造高陡岸坡,从而导致了早期的快速下切,并于距今30-50ka在尖扎盆地达到高值,引发了早期推移式高速巨型滑坡及堵塞河道事件和古湖岸再造型巨型滑坡;晚期的间歇性下切,引发了晚期气候解体型巨型滑坡。因此,构造抬升致使黄河流水阶段性下切,是造就区内巨型滑坡发生的根本原因。而地震地质作用及堵河事件的发生,是区内巨型滑坡形成的诱发因素。并确定了黄河上游龙羊峡-刘家峡河段巨型滑坡形成机理可分为地震型、库岸再造型和气候解体型等3种类型。
This paper is based on the types of giant landslides and their relevant distribution from Longyangxia valley and Liujiaxia valley along the upper Yellow River.It investigates the relationship between the giant landslides and the evolution of Yellow river.The Gonghe,Guide and Xunhua basins experienced erosion and deplanation due to water during the B section of Kunhuang tectonic movement(～0.8Ma B.P).On the other hand,the field from Lijiaxia valley to Gongboxia valley and eastern Duolonggou near Longyangxia valley experienced denudation.The Gonghe tectonic movement of～125kaB.P.caused that Yellow River cut through this study area,and shaped several high and steep slopes along the Upper Yellow River,which included the early rapid downward erosion with the maximum eroseion of～30～50kaB.P.at Jianzha Basin and the later intermittent erosion.The early rapid downward erosion triggered the early high-speed giant landslides and the later intermittent erosion triggered the later climate-driven giant landslides.Therefore,the staged ed erosion of Upper Yellow River caused by tectonic uplift is the principle reason for occurrence of giant landslides.Earthquake and clogging river are triggers for occurrence of giant landslides in the study area.Above all,the mechanism of giant landslides from Longyangxia valley to Liujiaxia valley along the upper Yellow River includes three types: earthquake-triggered giant landslides;banks rebuilding-triggered giant landslides;and climate-triggered giant landslides.
This paper is based on the types of giant landslides and their relevant distribution from Longyangxia valley and Liujiaxia valley along the upper Yellow River.It investigates the relationship between the giant landslides and the evolution of Yellow river.The Gonghe,Guide and Xunhua basins experienced erosion and deplanation due to water during the B section of Kunhuang tectonic movement(～0.8Ma B.P).On the other hand,the field from Lijiaxia valley to Gongboxia valley and eastern Duolonggou near Longyangxia valley experienced denudation.The Gonghe tectonic movement of～125kaB.P.caused that Yellow River cut through this study area,and shaped several high and steep slopes along the Upper Yellow River,which included the early rapid downward erosion with the maximum eroseion of～30～50kaB.P.at Jianzha Basin and the later intermittent erosion.The early rapid downward erosion triggered the early high-speed giant landslides and the later intermittent erosion triggered the later climate-driven giant landslides.Therefore,the staged ed erosion of Upper Yellow River caused by tectonic uplift is the principle reason for occurrence of giant landslides.Earthquake and clogging river are triggers for occurrence of giant landslides in the study area.Above all,the mechanism of giant landslides from Longyangxia valley to Liujiaxia valley along the upper Yellow River includes three types: earthquake-triggered giant landslides;banks rebuilding-triggered giant landslides;and climate-triggered giant landslides.
引文
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[2]李小林.黄河龙羊峡-刘家峡河段特大型滑坡成因分析[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2007,(1):28～32.Li,Xiaolin.Genetic analysis on huge landslides along the sectionfrom Longyang Gorge to Liujia Gorge of the Yellow River.The Chi-nese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2007,(1):28～32.
[3]李吉均,方小敏.青藏高原隆起与环境变化研究[J].科学通报,1998,43(15):1569～1574.LiJ,ijun,Fang,Xiaomin.Tibetan Plateau and its relevant enviro-mental changes.Chinese Science Bulletin,1998,43(15):1569～1574.
[4]彭建兵.黄河积石峡水电站水库滑坡工程地质研究[M].陕西:陕西科学技术出版社,1997.Peng,Jianbin.Engineering Study on Landslides Caused by Re-servior Storage near Jishixia Valley along Yellow River.Shanxi:Shanxi Science and Techology Press,1997.
[5]郭鹏飞,洪文之,高学忠,等.黄河上游龙羊峡-刘家峡河段环境地质勘查报告[R].1988.Guo,Pengfei,Hong,Wenzhi,Gao Xuezhong,et al.Report of Geo-logical Survey on Section from Longyangxia to Liujiaxia alongUpper Yellow River.1988.
[6]李小林.青海坎布拉国家地质公园考察报告[R].西宁:青海省环境地质勘查局,2005.Li Xiaolin.Geological Survey of Kanbula Natiaonal GeologicalPark in Qinghai Province.Xining:Qinghai Beareau of Enviromen-tally Geological exploration,2005.
[7]潘保田,方小敏.晚新生代青藏高原隆升与环境变化[M].广州:广东科技出版社,1998.Pan Baotian,Fang Xiaomin.Tibetan Plateau uplift andEnviromental Changes Late Cenozoic.Guangzhou:Guangdong Sci-ence Press,1998.
[8]施雅风.青藏高原二期隆升与亚州季风孕育关系探讨[J].中国科学(D辑),1998,28(3):264～271.Shi Yiafeng.Researches on relationship between the second upliftof Tibetan Plateau and Asian moonsoon.Science in China,SeriesD,1998,28(3):264～271.
[9]李小林.青海东部浅脑山地区找水方向研究[R].青海省环境地质勘查局,2005.Li Xiaolin.Report of Water Exploration in Eastern Qiannaoshan.Qinghai Beareau of Enviromentally Geological exploration,2005.
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