断裂带内部结构特征及其与油气运聚关系
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摘要
含油气盆地中断层的发育及其内部结构的变化对油气运聚成藏具有很大的影响。在前人研究的基础上,结合断裂带野外划分,综合运用地震、钻井、成像测井等资料对断层进行了定性的内部结构划分和常规测井刻度标定,总结测井响应特征,并运用指示曲线计算法和交会图法对其进行定量分析。结果表明断裂带主要由位于中部的滑动破碎带和其两侧的上、下盘诱导裂缝带等具有不同变形和物性特征的结构单元组成,而且断裂带内部结构具有明显的时空差异:时间上,同一断裂不同地质历史时期内部结构存在差异;空间上,断裂带具有横向上的不对称性、垂向上的分层性和走向上的分段性。正是这些差异引起断裂带内部不同结构单元物性的非均质特点,致使断裂带对油气的输导和封堵能力也存在时空差异。
Development of faults and their internal structure changes exert great influence on oil-gas migration and accumulation in hydrocarbon-bearing basins. Based on previous studies and fault outcrop observations,the present study integrated the division of fault zones with the information on seismic,drilling,imaging logging,etc. to qualitatively classify internal structures of faults,calibrate conventional logging scales and sum up logging response characteristics. Quantitative analyses were carried out on internal structures by means of instruction curves and intersection mapping. The result revealed that fault zones were mainly composed of structural units with different deformation and properties in the central sliding breaking zones and the induced fracture zones on both the upper and lower plates,and there existed distinctly temporal and spatial differences in the internal structures of fault zones. Temporally,internal structures were different for the same fault but at different geological periods; spatially,fault zones had horizontal asymmetry,vertical stratification and segmentation along fault strike. These differences are just what that caused the heterogeneity of physical properties of different structural units within fault zones,which then makes temporal and spatial differences in abilities of hydrocarbon transporting and sealing by faults.
Development of faults and their internal structure changes exert great influence on oil-gas migration and accumulation in hydrocarbon-bearing basins. Based on previous studies and fault outcrop observations,the present study integrated the division of fault zones with the information on seismic,drilling,imaging logging,etc. to qualitatively classify internal structures of faults,calibrate conventional logging scales and sum up logging response characteristics. Quantitative analyses were carried out on internal structures by means of instruction curves and intersection mapping. The result revealed that fault zones were mainly composed of structural units with different deformation and properties in the central sliding breaking zones and the induced fracture zones on both the upper and lower plates,and there existed distinctly temporal and spatial differences in the internal structures of fault zones. Temporally,internal structures were different for the same fault but at different geological periods; spatially,fault zones had horizontal asymmetry,vertical stratification and segmentation along fault strike. These differences are just what that caused the heterogeneity of physical properties of different structural units within fault zones,which then makes temporal and spatial differences in abilities of hydrocarbon transporting and sealing by faults.
引文
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[17]武红岭,张利荣.断层周围的弹塑性区及其地质意义[J].地球学报,2002,23(1):11-16.Wu Hongling,Zhang Lirong.The elastic-plastic region around faults andits geological significance[J].Acta Geosicientia Sinica,2002,23(1):11-16.
[18]Fowles J,Burley S D.Textural and permeability characteristics of faulted,high porosity sandstones[J].Marine Petroleum and Geology,1994,11(5):608-623.
[19]Flodin E,Gerdes M,Aydin A,et al.Petrophysical properties and sealing capacity of fault rock,Aztec Sandstone,Nevada[G]//Sorkhabi R,Tsuji Y.Faults,fluid flow,and petroleum traps.AAPG Memoir85,2005:197-217.
[20]Shipton Z K,Cowie P A.A conceptual model for the origin of fault damage zone structures in high-porosity sandstone[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2003,25:333-344.
[21]Mizoguchi K,Hirose T,Shi mamoto T,et al.Internal structure and permeability of the Noji ma fault,southwest Japan[J].Jour-nal of Structural Geology,2008,30(4):513-524.
[22]孙建孟,刘蓉,梅基席,等.青海柴西地区常规测井裂缝识别方法[J].测井技术,1999,23(4):268-275.Sun Jianmeng,Liu Rong,Mei Jixi,et al.Fracture identification technique by conventional logs from western Chaidamu Basin,Qinghai Oilfield[J].Well Logging Technology,1999,23(4):268-275.
[23]孙建孟,王永刚.地球物理资料综合应用[M].东营:石油大学出版社,2001:166-170.Sun Jianmeng,Wang Yonggang.Geophysical data integrated ap-plication[M].Dongying:Press of the University of Petroleum,China,2001:166-170.
[2]杜春国,郝芳,邹华耀,等.断裂输导体系研究现状及存在的问题[J].地质科技情报,2007,26(1):51-55.Du Chunguo,Hao Fang,Zou Huayao,et al.Progress and prob-lems of faults conduit systems for hydrocarbon migration[J].Ge-ological Science and Technology Information,2007,26(1):51-55.
[3]Yielding G,Freeman B,Needham D T.Quantitative fault seal prediction[J].AAPG Bulletin,1997,81:897-917.
[4]Gibson R G.Fault-zone seals in siliciclastic strata of the Colum-bus Basin,offshore Trinidad[J].AAPG Bulletin,1994,78:1372-1385.
[5]赵密福,李阳,张煜,等.断层两盘岩性配置关系及断层封闭性[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2006,30(1):7-11.Zhao Mifu,Li Yang,Zhang Yu,et al.Relation of cross-fault lithology juxtaposition andfault sealing[J].Journal of China University of Pe-troleum:Edition of Natural Science,2006,30(1):7-11.
[6]付晓飞,方德庆,吕延防,等.从断裂带内部结构出发评价断层垂向封闭性的方法[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2005,30(3):328-336.Fu Xiaofei,Fang Deqing,LYanfang,et al.Method of evaluating vertical sealing of faultsinterms of theinternal structure of fault zones[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosci-ences,2005,30(3):328-336.
[7]吕延防,沙子萱,付晓飞,等.断层垂向封闭性定量评价方法及其应用[J].石油学报,2007,28(5):34-38.LYanfang,Sha Zixuan,Fu Xiaofei,et al.Quantitative evalua-tion method for fault vertical sealing ability and its application[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(5):34-38.
[8]郝芳,邹华耀,方勇,等.断—压双控流体流动与油气幕式快速成藏[J].石油学报,2004,25(6):38-43.Hao Fang,Zou Huayao,Fang Yong,et al.Overpressure-fault controlled fluid flowand episodic hydrocarbon accumulation[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2004,25(6):38-43.
[9]Micarelli L,Benedicto A,Wibberley C AJ.Structural evaluation and permeability of normal fault zonesin highly porous carbonate rocks[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2006,28:1214-1227.
[10]Brogi A.Fault zone architecture and permeability featuresin sili-ceous sedi mentary rocks:Insights fromthe Rapolano geothermal area(Northern Apennines,Italy)[J].Journal of Structural Geol-ogy,2008,30:237-256.
[11]Evans J P,Forster C B,Goddard J V.Permeability of fault-relat-ed rocks,and i mplication for hydraulic structure of fault zones[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1997,19:1393-1404.
[12]Berg S S,Skar T.Controls on damage zone asymmetry of a nor-mal fault zone:Outcrop analyses of a segment of the Moabfault,SE Utah[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2005,27:1803-1822.
[13]高君,吕延防,田庆丰.断裂带内部结构与油气运移及封闭[J].大庆石油学院学报,2007,31(2):4-7.Gao Jun,LYanfang,Tian Qingfeng.Analysis of hydrocarbon migra-tion through the fault based on interior structure of fault zone[J].Journal of Daqing PetroleumInstitute,2007,31(2):4-7.
[14]张西娟,曾庆利,马寅生.断裂带中的流体活动及其作用[J].西北地震学报,2006,28(3):274-279.Zhang Xijuan,Zeng Qingli,Ma Yinsheng.Fluid involvement in active fault zone[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2006,28(3):274-279.
[15]Sibson R H.Fault rocks and fault mechanisms[J].Journal of the Geological Society of London,1977,133(3):191-213.
[16]邵顺妹.断层泥研究的现状和进展[J].高原地震,1994,6(3):51-56.Shao Shunmei.Present condition and progress of fault gouge re-search[J].Platean Earthquake Research,1994,6(3):51-56.
[17]武红岭,张利荣.断层周围的弹塑性区及其地质意义[J].地球学报,2002,23(1):11-16.Wu Hongling,Zhang Lirong.The elastic-plastic region around faults andits geological significance[J].Acta Geosicientia Sinica,2002,23(1):11-16.
[18]Fowles J,Burley S D.Textural and permeability characteristics of faulted,high porosity sandstones[J].Marine Petroleum and Geology,1994,11(5):608-623.
[19]Flodin E,Gerdes M,Aydin A,et al.Petrophysical properties and sealing capacity of fault rock,Aztec Sandstone,Nevada[G]//Sorkhabi R,Tsuji Y.Faults,fluid flow,and petroleum traps.AAPG Memoir85,2005:197-217.
[20]Shipton Z K,Cowie P A.A conceptual model for the origin of fault damage zone structures in high-porosity sandstone[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2003,25:333-344.
[21]Mizoguchi K,Hirose T,Shi mamoto T,et al.Internal structure and permeability of the Noji ma fault,southwest Japan[J].Jour-nal of Structural Geology,2008,30(4):513-524.
[22]孙建孟,刘蓉,梅基席,等.青海柴西地区常规测井裂缝识别方法[J].测井技术,1999,23(4):268-275.Sun Jianmeng,Liu Rong,Mei Jixi,et al.Fracture identification technique by conventional logs from western Chaidamu Basin,Qinghai Oilfield[J].Well Logging Technology,1999,23(4):268-275.
[23]孙建孟,王永刚.地球物理资料综合应用[M].东营:石油大学出版社,2001:166-170.Sun Jianmeng,Wang Yonggang.Geophysical data integrated ap-plication[M].Dongying:Press of the University of Petroleum,China,2001:166-170.
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