曲流河储层构型表征研究进展
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摘要
曲流河储层在我国各大油田占有很大比例,高含水期的剩余油被复杂的储层内部构型所遮挡,难以应用常规油藏描述方法进行挖潜。为此,从储层构型的起源开始,分析建立储层构型定性及定量构型模式的研究方法,包括露头和现代沉积、探地雷达、高分辨率地震以及经验公式,并对各种方法和技术的优缺点进行简评。结合曲流河地下储层构型研究的实践,分3个层次(河道、点坝、点坝内部增生体)总结归纳国内外学者在曲流河地下储层构型研究中应用的方法和取得的效果。研究认为,曲流河储层构型模式研究发展迅速,但缺少内部构型(如点坝内部侧积层)的定量模式;地下储层构型研究已形成了一定的技术路线,但是构型模式和井资料有效拟合难度大,而且建立点坝内部侧积层的建模方法也尚不成熟。针对目前的研究现状和存在的问题,指出了曲流河储层构型表征的发展趋势,这对于我国高含水期油气田的开发效率具有十分重要的实际意义,对丰富储层地质学也具有重要的理论意义。
Meandering reservoir takes a great proportion in large oilfields in China.Remaining oil in high water-cut stage is occluded by complicated reservoir architecture,and it is hard to trap by normal reservoir description method.Then,from the origin of reservoir architecture,the methods of qualitative and quantitative models are analyze,which include outcrop,modern deposition,ground penetrating radar,high resolution seismic and empirical formula,and the pros and cons of various ways are briefly evaluated.Combined with the practice of fluvial underground reservoir architecture,from three administrative levels(channel,point bar,adenoid in point bar),the applied method which scholars do research in underground reservoir architecture with and the results obtained are summarized,and the newest research development is analyzed.Studies indicate that the pattern of meandering reservoir architecture develop quickly,but there is short of internal architecture pattern;technical route has formed for the study of underground reservoir architecture,but it is difficult to well fit in architecture pattern and data,and modeling method of lateral accretion in point bar is not perfect yet.With aim at the current research situation and existing problems,the development tendency of fluvial reservoir architecture characterization is point out.It has important practical meaning of development efficiency in high water-cut stage and theoretical meaning of enriching reservoir geology.
Meandering reservoir takes a great proportion in large oilfields in China.Remaining oil in high water-cut stage is occluded by complicated reservoir architecture,and it is hard to trap by normal reservoir description method.Then,from the origin of reservoir architecture,the methods of qualitative and quantitative models are analyze,which include outcrop,modern deposition,ground penetrating radar,high resolution seismic and empirical formula,and the pros and cons of various ways are briefly evaluated.Combined with the practice of fluvial underground reservoir architecture,from three administrative levels(channel,point bar,adenoid in point bar),the applied method which scholars do research in underground reservoir architecture with and the results obtained are summarized,and the newest research development is analyzed.Studies indicate that the pattern of meandering reservoir architecture develop quickly,but there is short of internal architecture pattern;technical route has formed for the study of underground reservoir architecture,but it is difficult to well fit in architecture pattern and data,and modeling method of lateral accretion in point bar is not perfect yet.With aim at the current research situation and existing problems,the development tendency of fluvial reservoir architecture characterization is point out.It has important practical meaning of development efficiency in high water-cut stage and theoretical meaning of enriching reservoir geology.
引文
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[13]Miall AD.Architectural elements and bounding surfaces in fluvi-al deposits:Anatomy of the Kayenta Formation(Lower Juras-sic),Southwest Colorado[J].Sedimentary Geology,1988,55:233-262.
[14]Miall AD.Hierarchies of architectural units in terrigenous clasticrocks,and their relationship to sedimentation rate[C]∥Miall AD,Tyler N,eds.The Three-dimensional Facies Architecture ofTerrigenous Clastic Sediments and Its Implications for Hydrocar-bon Discovery and Recovery.SEPM Concepts in Sedimentologyand Paleontology,1991,3:6-12.
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[17]Bridge J S,Tye R S.Interpreting the dimensions of ancient fluvi-al channel bars,channels,and channel belts from wireline-logsand cores[J].AAPG Bulletin,2000,84(8):1 205-1 228.
[18]Matthew J P,Marielis F V,Thomas L D.Characterization and3D reservoir modelling of fluvial sandstones of the Williams ForkFormation,Rulison Field,Piceance Basin,Colorado,USA[J].AAPG Bulletin,2008,5(2):158-172.
[19]Marinus E D,Irina O.Connectivity of fluvial point-bar deposits:An example from the Miocene Huesca fluvial fan,Ebro Basin,Spain[J].AAPG Bulletin,2008,92(9):1 109-1 129.
[20]Qian Ning,Zhang Ren,Zhou Zhide.Fluvial Process[M].Bei-jing:Science Press,1987:111-112.[钱宁,张仁,周志德.河床演变学[M].北京:科学出版社,1987:111-112.]
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[23]Yue Dali.The Study on Architecture Analysis and Remaining OilDistribution Patterns of Meandering River Reservoir—A casestudy of Guantao Formation,Gudao OilfieldChina[D].Beijing:China University of Petroleum,2006.[岳大力.曲流河储层构型分析与剩余油分布模式研究———以孤岛油田馆陶组为例[D].北京:中国石油大学,2006.]
[24]Alexander J,Bridge J S,Gawthorpe R L,et al,Holocene mean-der belt evolution in an extensional basin,SWMontana USA[J].Journal ofSedimentary Research,1994,64:542-559.
[25]Corbeanu R M,Soegaard K,Szerbiak R B,et al.Detailed inter-nal architecture of fluvial channel sandstone determined from out-crop and 3-D ground penetrating radar:Example from mid-Creta-ceous Ferron Sandstone,east-central Utah[J].American Associa-tion ofPetroleum Geologists Bulletin,2001,85:1 583-1 608.
[26]Rijks E J H,Jauffred J E E M.Attribute extraction:An impor-tant application in any 3-D interpretation study[J].The LeadingEdge,1991,3(9):11-19.
[27]Vitor A,Morgan S,Calos P,et al.Lateral Accretion Packages(LAPs):An important reservoir element in deep water sinuouschannels[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2003,20(7):631-648.
[28]Richard Labourdette,Richard R J.Characterization of fluvial ar-chitectural elements using a three-dimensional outcrop data set:Escanilla braided system,South-Central Pyrenees,Spain[J].Geosphere,2007,3(6):422-434.
[29]Bruce S H.Channel detection in 3-D seismic data using sweet-ness[J].AAPG Bulletin,2008,92(6):733-742.
[30]Schumm S A.Fluvial paleochannels[C]∥Rigby J K,HamblinW K,eds.Recognition of Ancient Sedimentary Environments.SEPM,1972,16(special published):98-107.
[31]Leeder MR.Fluviatile fining upwards cycles and the magnitudeof paleochannels[J].Geological Magazine,1973,110:265-276.
[32]Leopold LB,Wolman MG,Miller J P.Fluvial Processesin Geo-morphology[M].New York:Dover Publications,1964:522.
[33]Bridge J S,Tye R S.Interpreting the dimensions of ancient fluvi-al channel bars,channels,and channel belts from wireline-logsand cores[J].AAPG Bulletin,2000,84(8):1 205-1 228.
[34]Lorenz J C,Heinze D M,Clark J A,et al.Determination ofwidth of meander-belt sandstone reservoirs from vertical downholedata,Mesaverde Group,Piceance Greek Basin,Colorado[J].AAPG Bulletin,1985,69(2):710-721.
[35]Zhao Hanqing,Fu Zhiguo,Liu Bo.Identification of the pa-leochannel sandbodies based on detailed geological study[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,1995,79(2):68-70.[赵翰卿,付志国,刘波.应用精细地质研究准确鉴别古代河流砂体[J].石油勘探与开发,1995,79(2):68-70.]
[36]Chen Qinghua,Zeng Ming,Zhang Fengqi,et al.Identificationof single channel in fluvial reservoir and its significance to the oil-field development[J].Oil&Gas Recovery Technology,2004,11(3):11-15.[陈清华,曾明,章凤奇,等.河流相储层单一河道的识别及其对油田开发的意义[J].油气地质与采收率,2004,11(3):11-15.]
[37]Ma Shizhong.The method for studying thin interbed architectureof burial meandering channel sandbody[J].Acta SedimentologicaSinica,2008,26(4):632-639.[马世忠.地下曲流河道单砂体内部薄夹层建筑结构研究方法[J].沉积学报,2008,26(4):632-639.]
[38]Liu Zhanli,Jiao Yangquan.Composition of facies of meanderingriver origin and relationship of its spatial configuration an on-the-spot geology investigation on sedimentology of mesozoic outcrop inEerduosi Basin[J].Petroleun Geology and Oil Field Developmentin Daqing,1996,15(3):6-9.[刘站立,焦养泉.曲流河成因相构成及其空间配置关系———鄂尔多斯盆地中生代露头沉积学地质考察[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1996,15(3):6-9.]
[39]Zhou Yinbang,Wu Shenghe,Yue Dali,et al.Controlling factoranalysis and identification method of lateral accretion shale bed-dings angle in point bar[J].Journal ofChina UniversityofPetro-leum(Edition ofNatural Science),2009,33(2):7-11.[周银邦,吴胜和,岳大力,等.点坝内部侧积层倾角控制因素分析及地下识别[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,2009,33(2):7-11.]
[40]Wu Shenghe,Yue Dali,Liu Jianmin,et al.Hirearchical model-ing of paleochannel reservoir architecture[J].Science in China(Series D),2008,38(Suppl.Ⅰ):111-121.[吴胜和,岳大力,刘建民,等.地下古河道储层构型的层次建模研究[J].中国科学:D辑,2008,38(增刊Ⅰ):111-121.]
[2]Miall AD.Architectural-element analysis:Anewmethod of faciesanalysis applied to fluvial deposits[J].Earth Science Reviews,1985,22:261-308.
[3]Neton MJ,Joachim D,Christopher D O,et al.Young Architec-ture and directional scales of heterogeneity in alluvial-fan aquifers[J].Journal ofSedimentary Research,1994,64(5):245-257.
[4]Willis B J,Behrensmeyer A K.Architecture of Miocene overbankdeposits in northern Pakistan[J].Journal ofSedimentary Re-search,1994,64(2):60-67.
[5]Yin Taiju,Zhang Changmin,Zhao Hongjing.Remaining oil pre-diction based on comprehensive geological analysis methods[J].Advances in Earth Science,2006,21(5):539-544.[尹太举,张昌民,赵红静.地质综合法预测剩余油[J].地球科学进展,2006,21(5):539-544.]
[6]Fu Qingping,Li Sitian.Outcrop analysis of architecture of lacus-trine deltaic plain sand bodies[J].SedimentaryFacies and Palaeo-geography,1994,14(5):21-33.[付清平,李思田.湖泊三角洲平原砂体的露头构形分析[J].岩相古地理,1994,14(5):21-33.]
[7]Clark J D,Kevin TP.Architectural elements and growth patternsof submarine channels,application to hydrocarbon exploration[J].AAPG Bulletin,1996,80(2):194-221.
[8]Xie Xinong,Li Sitian,Gao Dongsheng,et al.Architectural ele-ments and sedimentary model for barrier sandbodies in theFengcheng Mining district,Jiangxi[J].Sedimentary Facies andPalaeogeography,1994,14(4):1-9.[解习农,李思田,高东升,等.江西丰城矿区障壁坝砂体内部构成及沉积模式[J].岩相古地理,1994,14(4):1-9.]
[9]Yu Xinghe,Ma Xingxiang,Mu Longxin,et al.Geology Modeland Hierarchy Interface Analysis of Braid River[M].Beijing:Pe-troleum Industry Press,2004:60-106.[于兴河,马兴祥,穆龙新,等.辫状河储层地质模式及层次界面分析[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004:60-106.]
[10]Jiao Yangquan,Yan Jiaxin,Li Sitian,et al.Architectural unitsand heterogeneity of channel reservoirs in the Karamay Forma-tion,outcrop area of Karamay oil field,Junggar Basin,northwestChina[J].AAPG Bulletin,2005,89(4):529-545.
[11]Li Yang,Guo Changchun.The architecture and reservoir evalua-tion of underground lateral accretion bar:A case study on theNg52+3sand-body in 7thblock west of the Gudong oil field[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2007,25(6):942-948.[李阳,郭长春.地下侧积砂坝建筑结构研究及储层评价———以孤东油田七区西Ng52+3砂体为例[J].沉积学报,2007,25(6):942-948.]
[12]Allen J R L.Studies in fluviatile sedimentation:Bars,bar com-plexes and sandstone sheets(lower-sinuosity braided streams)inthe Brownstones(L.Devonian),Welsh Borders[J].Sedimenta-ry Geology,1983,33:237-293.
[13]Miall AD.Architectural elements and bounding surfaces in fluvi-al deposits:Anatomy of the Kayenta Formation(Lower Juras-sic),Southwest Colorado[J].Sedimentary Geology,1988,55:233-262.
[14]Miall AD.Hierarchies of architectural units in terrigenous clasticrocks,and their relationship to sedimentation rate[C]∥Miall AD,Tyler N,eds.The Three-dimensional Facies Architecture ofTerrigenous Clastic Sediments and Its Implications for Hydrocar-bon Discovery and Recovery.SEPM Concepts in Sedimentologyand Paleontology,1991,3:6-12.
[15]Halfar J,Riegel W,Walther H.Facies architecture and sedim-entology of a meandering fluvial system:A Palaeogene examplefrom the Weisselster Basin,Germany[J].Sedimentology,1998,45:1-17.
[16]Allen J R L.A review of the origin and characteristics of recentalluvial sediments[J].Sedimentology,1965,5(2):89-191.
[17]Bridge J S,Tye R S.Interpreting the dimensions of ancient fluvi-al channel bars,channels,and channel belts from wireline-logsand cores[J].AAPG Bulletin,2000,84(8):1 205-1 228.
[18]Matthew J P,Marielis F V,Thomas L D.Characterization and3D reservoir modelling of fluvial sandstones of the Williams ForkFormation,Rulison Field,Piceance Basin,Colorado,USA[J].AAPG Bulletin,2008,5(2):158-172.
[19]Marinus E D,Irina O.Connectivity of fluvial point-bar deposits:An example from the Miocene Huesca fluvial fan,Ebro Basin,Spain[J].AAPG Bulletin,2008,92(9):1 109-1 129.
[20]Qian Ning,Zhang Ren,Zhou Zhide.Fluvial Process[M].Bei-jing:Science Press,1987:111-112.[钱宁,张仁,周志德.河床演变学[M].北京:科学出版社,1987:111-112.]
[21]Xue Peihua.Reservoir Model Introduction of Fluvial Point Bar[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1991:23-35.[薛培华.河流点坝相储层模式概论[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1991:23-35.]
[22]Ma Shizhong,Yang Qingyan.The depositional model,3-D Archi-tecture and heterogeneous model of point bar in meandering chan-nels[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2006,18(2):241-247.[马世忠,杨清彦.曲流点坝沉积模式、三维构形及其非均质模型[J].沉积学报,2000,18(2):241-247.]
[23]Yue Dali.The Study on Architecture Analysis and Remaining OilDistribution Patterns of Meandering River Reservoir—A casestudy of Guantao Formation,Gudao OilfieldChina[D].Beijing:China University of Petroleum,2006.[岳大力.曲流河储层构型分析与剩余油分布模式研究———以孤岛油田馆陶组为例[D].北京:中国石油大学,2006.]
[24]Alexander J,Bridge J S,Gawthorpe R L,et al,Holocene mean-der belt evolution in an extensional basin,SWMontana USA[J].Journal ofSedimentary Research,1994,64:542-559.
[25]Corbeanu R M,Soegaard K,Szerbiak R B,et al.Detailed inter-nal architecture of fluvial channel sandstone determined from out-crop and 3-D ground penetrating radar:Example from mid-Creta-ceous Ferron Sandstone,east-central Utah[J].American Associa-tion ofPetroleum Geologists Bulletin,2001,85:1 583-1 608.
[26]Rijks E J H,Jauffred J E E M.Attribute extraction:An impor-tant application in any 3-D interpretation study[J].The LeadingEdge,1991,3(9):11-19.
[27]Vitor A,Morgan S,Calos P,et al.Lateral Accretion Packages(LAPs):An important reservoir element in deep water sinuouschannels[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2003,20(7):631-648.
[28]Richard Labourdette,Richard R J.Characterization of fluvial ar-chitectural elements using a three-dimensional outcrop data set:Escanilla braided system,South-Central Pyrenees,Spain[J].Geosphere,2007,3(6):422-434.
[29]Bruce S H.Channel detection in 3-D seismic data using sweet-ness[J].AAPG Bulletin,2008,92(6):733-742.
[30]Schumm S A.Fluvial paleochannels[C]∥Rigby J K,HamblinW K,eds.Recognition of Ancient Sedimentary Environments.SEPM,1972,16(special published):98-107.
[31]Leeder MR.Fluviatile fining upwards cycles and the magnitudeof paleochannels[J].Geological Magazine,1973,110:265-276.
[32]Leopold LB,Wolman MG,Miller J P.Fluvial Processesin Geo-morphology[M].New York:Dover Publications,1964:522.
[33]Bridge J S,Tye R S.Interpreting the dimensions of ancient fluvi-al channel bars,channels,and channel belts from wireline-logsand cores[J].AAPG Bulletin,2000,84(8):1 205-1 228.
[34]Lorenz J C,Heinze D M,Clark J A,et al.Determination ofwidth of meander-belt sandstone reservoirs from vertical downholedata,Mesaverde Group,Piceance Greek Basin,Colorado[J].AAPG Bulletin,1985,69(2):710-721.
[35]Zhao Hanqing,Fu Zhiguo,Liu Bo.Identification of the pa-leochannel sandbodies based on detailed geological study[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,1995,79(2):68-70.[赵翰卿,付志国,刘波.应用精细地质研究准确鉴别古代河流砂体[J].石油勘探与开发,1995,79(2):68-70.]
[36]Chen Qinghua,Zeng Ming,Zhang Fengqi,et al.Identificationof single channel in fluvial reservoir and its significance to the oil-field development[J].Oil&Gas Recovery Technology,2004,11(3):11-15.[陈清华,曾明,章凤奇,等.河流相储层单一河道的识别及其对油田开发的意义[J].油气地质与采收率,2004,11(3):11-15.]
[37]Ma Shizhong.The method for studying thin interbed architectureof burial meandering channel sandbody[J].Acta SedimentologicaSinica,2008,26(4):632-639.[马世忠.地下曲流河道单砂体内部薄夹层建筑结构研究方法[J].沉积学报,2008,26(4):632-639.]
[38]Liu Zhanli,Jiao Yangquan.Composition of facies of meanderingriver origin and relationship of its spatial configuration an on-the-spot geology investigation on sedimentology of mesozoic outcrop inEerduosi Basin[J].Petroleun Geology and Oil Field Developmentin Daqing,1996,15(3):6-9.[刘站立,焦养泉.曲流河成因相构成及其空间配置关系———鄂尔多斯盆地中生代露头沉积学地质考察[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1996,15(3):6-9.]
[39]Zhou Yinbang,Wu Shenghe,Yue Dali,et al.Controlling factoranalysis and identification method of lateral accretion shale bed-dings angle in point bar[J].Journal ofChina UniversityofPetro-leum(Edition ofNatural Science),2009,33(2):7-11.[周银邦,吴胜和,岳大力,等.点坝内部侧积层倾角控制因素分析及地下识别[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,2009,33(2):7-11.]
[40]Wu Shenghe,Yue Dali,Liu Jianmin,et al.Hirearchical model-ing of paleochannel reservoir architecture[J].Science in China(Series D),2008,38(Suppl.Ⅰ):111-121.[吴胜和,岳大力,刘建民,等.地下古河道储层构型的层次建模研究[J].中国科学:D辑,2008,38(增刊Ⅰ):111-121.]
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