剩余层速度分析在南海天然气水合物解释中的指示意义
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摘要
地下介质的地震波速度与岩石性质有密切的关系,反映岩石类别和其中含流体的状况。剩余层速度分析是在分析层速度数据基础之上,进行剩余层速度计算,突出局部速度异常,配合BSR分布及振幅异常分析,预测天然气水合物分布的范围。本研究通过对BSR层层速度和剩余层速度的计算,并且结合多种特殊地震属性以及BSR分布范围进行综合分析,进一步了解层速度和剩余层速度在水合物解释中的指示意义:①地层层速度能在一定程度上反映岩性分层、岩石类别和含流体状况,高值层速度与地层厚度、压实作用和岩石性质有关,含水合物地层的层速度往往比一般地层的层速度高;②剩余层速度消除了地层厚度和压实作用的影响,高值剩余层速度主要是由岩性的差别引起;③结合BSR和其他地震属性分析可判断剩余层速度是否由水合物引起;④含水合物地层中,剩余层速度越高水合物的含量越高;剩余速度越低,说明泥质含量越高或者是气体的含量越高。
There exists closely relationship between seismic velocity of underground medium and the geophysical properties of rocks,and seismic velocity reflect the type of rock and status of fluid.Remaining interval velocity analysis,combining BSR and amplitude anomaly analysis, can predict the distribution of gas hydrates through calculation of remaining interval velocity and extrusion of local abnormity of velocity based on analysis of interval velocity.The signification of interval velocity and remaining interval velocity in interpretation of gas hydrates was understood furthermore through analysis of interval velocity and remaining interval velocity of the stratum containing BSRs,combining manifold special seismic attributes and distribution of BSRs,which includes;①Interval velocity of stratum can reflect rock layers,rock types and status of bearing fluid to a certain extent.The interval velocity with higher value relate to formation thickness,compaction and rock properties,The interval velocity of stratum bearing hydrate often higher than that of average stratum;②The impact of formation thickness and compaction was eliminated in remaining interval velocity.The remaining interval velocity with higher value is mainly caused by lithology difference;③Whether the remaining interval velocity is caused by hydrates or not can be judged through analysis of manifold special seismic attributes and BSRs;④Higher remaining interval velocity suggests higher content of hydrate in strata bearing hydrates, whereas lower remaining interval velocity suggests higher content of sediment or gas.
There exists closely relationship between seismic velocity of underground medium and the geophysical properties of rocks,and seismic velocity reflect the type of rock and status of fluid.Remaining interval velocity analysis,combining BSR and amplitude anomaly analysis, can predict the distribution of gas hydrates through calculation of remaining interval velocity and extrusion of local abnormity of velocity based on analysis of interval velocity.The signification of interval velocity and remaining interval velocity in interpretation of gas hydrates was understood furthermore through analysis of interval velocity and remaining interval velocity of the stratum containing BSRs,combining manifold special seismic attributes and distribution of BSRs,which includes;①Interval velocity of stratum can reflect rock layers,rock types and status of bearing fluid to a certain extent.The interval velocity with higher value relate to formation thickness,compaction and rock properties,The interval velocity of stratum bearing hydrate often higher than that of average stratum;②The impact of formation thickness and compaction was eliminated in remaining interval velocity.The remaining interval velocity with higher value is mainly caused by lithology difference;③Whether the remaining interval velocity is caused by hydrates or not can be judged through analysis of manifold special seismic attributes and BSRs;④Higher remaining interval velocity suggests higher content of hydrate in strata bearing hydrates, whereas lower remaining interval velocity suggests higher content of sediment or gas.
引文
[1]王宏斌,梁劲,龚跃华等.基于天然气水合物地震数据计算南海北部陆坡海底热流[J].现代地质,2005,19(1): 67-73
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[11]Lee-M-W,Hutchinson-D-R,Agena-W-F,et al.Seismic character of gas hydrates on the Southeastern US continental margin[J].Marine Geophysical Researches.1994,16(3):163-184
[12]沙志彬,杨木壮,梁金强等.BSR的反射波特征及其对天然气水合物识别的应用[J].南海地质研究,2003,15(1): 55-61
[13]陈建文,闫桂京,吴志强等.天然气水合物的地球物理识别标志[J].海洋地质动态,2004,6:9-12
[14]张聿文,刘学伟,金玉洁.含天然气水合物地层的速度和衰减研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(2):205- 214
[15]梁劲,王宏斌,赵志超.射线追踪法在南海天然气水合物速度分析中的应用.物探化探计算技术,2007,29(6): 486-491
[16]梁劲,王宏斌,郭依群等.南海北部陆坡天然气水合物的地震速度研究[J].现代地质,2006,20(1):123-129
[2]许宁生,李元元,余志.首届广东青年科学家论坛论文集[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2000
[3]李正文,赵志超.地震勘探资料解释[M].北京:地质出版社,1988
[4]吴国忱,王华忠,马在田.速度梯度射线追踪与二维速度反演[J].石油物探,2003,42(4):434-440
[5]高尔根,徐果明.二维速度随机分布逐步迭代射线追踪方法[J].地球物理学报,1996,39(增刊):302-308
[6]周兵,朱介寿.一种新的地震成像计算方法[J].石油物探,2004,43(1):54-58
[7]王宏斌,黄永样,梁劲等.南海北部陆坡坳隆断裂带中水合物赋存的温压场环境[J].现代地质,2006,20(1): 103-108
[8]张光学,黄永样,陈邦彦主编.海域天然气水合物地震学[M].北京:海洋出版社,2003
[9]宋海斌.天然气水合物的地球物理研究[M].北京:海洋出版社,2003
[10]Shipey T H,Houston,Buller R T,et al.Seismic evidence for wide-spread possible gas hydrates horizons on continental slopes and rises[J].AAPG Bulletin,1979,63(12):2204-2213
[11]Lee-M-W,Hutchinson-D-R,Agena-W-F,et al.Seismic character of gas hydrates on the Southeastern US continental margin[J].Marine Geophysical Researches.1994,16(3):163-184
[12]沙志彬,杨木壮,梁金强等.BSR的反射波特征及其对天然气水合物识别的应用[J].南海地质研究,2003,15(1): 55-61
[13]陈建文,闫桂京,吴志强等.天然气水合物的地球物理识别标志[J].海洋地质动态,2004,6:9-12
[14]张聿文,刘学伟,金玉洁.含天然气水合物地层的速度和衰减研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(2):205- 214
[15]梁劲,王宏斌,赵志超.射线追踪法在南海天然气水合物速度分析中的应用.物探化探计算技术,2007,29(6): 486-491
[16]梁劲,王宏斌,郭依群等.南海北部陆坡天然气水合物的地震速度研究[J].现代地质,2006,20(1):123-129
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