云冈石窟第9、10窟列柱地质病害特征与加固设计
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摘要
以第9、10窟的列柱为代表,在现场地质病害调查、室内测试和分析计算的基础上,对其地质病害进行了研究,制定了支撑方案,并采用围岩与支撑结构耦合有限元模拟方法对支撑结构的可行性和加固效果进行了计算分析。结果表明,列柱底部的应力σ1和最大剪应力τmax集中明显,τmax的最大值出现在列柱底部,从受力条件看列柱是整个围岩中受力条件最差的部位,安全隐患最大;列柱的抗压稳定性系数都不能满足规范要求,处于不安全状态;采用框架式钢管混凝土支撑框柱的支撑方案,其应力分担效果明显,列柱上所承担的竖向荷载与现状相比平均降低了63%,与现状+Ⅷ度地震相比平均降低了70%;其抗压稳定性系数可以提高到3.76～4.02,能够有效地起到保护列柱的作用,使列柱处于稳定状态。
Based on the field investigation,laboratory tests,calculating and an alysis of the 9th and 10th grottos of Yungang Grottoes,this paper studies the f ormation cause of the vestibule columniation′s geological diseases and the rein forcing measures.A three-dimensional numerical method was used to simulate the wall rocks stability in different cases including the case after the support str ucture installed.The feasibility and reinforcing effect of the support structur e was analyzed based on the simulation results.Thus,it is concluded that the c oncentration of 1 and max is very obvious at the bottom of the columniation.The max of max in all calculating model is also at the bottom of the columniation. It can be found from the stress condition of the columniations that the columnia tions are in the biggest security risk,and the compression coefficient of stabi lity can not meet the requirements of code,the columniations are under unsafely state.The frame support structure composed of steel tube and concrete are desi gned.This supporting system has obvious function of the stress sharing,the ver tical load on the columniations reduce 63% in average at present case and 70% at Ⅷ intensity earthquake case.With the supporting system,the compression coeff icient of stability can increase to 3.76-4.02,so the supporting system can effe ctively protect the columniations and put them in steady state.
Based on the field investigation,laboratory tests,calculating and an alysis of the 9th and 10th grottos of Yungang Grottoes,this paper studies the f ormation cause of the vestibule columniation′s geological diseases and the rein forcing measures.A three-dimensional numerical method was used to simulate the wall rocks stability in different cases including the case after the support str ucture installed.The feasibility and reinforcing effect of the support structur e was analyzed based on the simulation results.Thus,it is concluded that the c oncentration of 1 and max is very obvious at the bottom of the columniation.The max of max in all calculating model is also at the bottom of the columniation. It can be found from the stress condition of the columniations that the columnia tions are in the biggest security risk,and the compression coefficient of stabi lity can not meet the requirements of code,the columniations are under unsafely state.The frame support structure composed of steel tube and concrete are desi gned.This supporting system has obvious function of the stress sharing,the ver tical load on the columniations reduce 63% in average at present case and 70% at Ⅷ intensity earthquake case.With the supporting system,the compression coeff icient of stability can increase to 3.76-4.02,so the supporting system can effe ctively protect the columniations and put them in steady state.
引文
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[8]闫宏彬,黄继忠,赵新春.云冈石窟温湿度变化规律及对石窟保存的影响[C].∥佚名.2005年云冈国际学术研讨会论文集:保护卷.北京:文物出版社,2005:101-108.
[2]苑静虎,石美凤,温晓龙.云冈石窟的保护[J].中国文化遗产,2007(5):100-110.
[3]黄继忠.云冈石窟地质特征研究[J].东南文化,2003(5):91-93.
[4]张红梅,马国栋,速宝玉.大同云岗石窟文物渗水病害防治方案探讨[J].水文地质工程地质,2004(5):64-67.
[5]黄继忠.世界文化遗产云冈石窟的防水保护[J].文物保护与考古科学,2008,20(增刊):114-121.
[6]黄继忠.云冈石窟主要病害及治理[J].雁北师范学院学报,2003,19(5):57-59.
[7]周尚忠.仿自然条件对云冈石窟风化的研究[J].山西能源与节能,2003(4):35-36.
[8]闫宏彬,黄继忠,赵新春.云冈石窟温湿度变化规律及对石窟保存的影响[C].∥佚名.2005年云冈国际学术研讨会论文集:保护卷.北京:文物出版社,2005:101-108.
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