琼东南盆地东部层间断层系及其形成机制分析
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摘要
基于琼东南盆地最新3D地震资料的地质与地球物理解释,运用先进的地震剖面相干处理技术,在琼东南盆地东部早-中中新世泥岩中发现了大量层间断层,这些断层剖面上为板状正断层,倾角一般大于45°,长度不超过1000m,但是平面走向在不同区域差异很大。研究区层间断层为以体积收缩机制为主要形成机制,在区域应力、重力滑塌和超压水力破裂多种力学机制共同影响下形成的,基本限制在层间的、多种类型和多种性质的断层组合。研究区东北部主要为体积收缩机制形成的层间断层,并受到重力滑塌的影响,断层主要表现为平行于等深线的EW向的断层密集带和与之垂直的SN向直线状断层;中部主要受超压水力破裂作用和体积收缩机制的影响,断层主要由放射状断层和与之垂直的层间断层两部分组成;西南部地区主要受体积收缩作用和区域应力场的影响,在构造断层影响区,层间断层走向与构造断层相互垂直,未影响区则表现为断层多边形。
Based on geological interpretation of the latest 3D seismic data,combined with drilling data,a large number of intrastratal faults have recently been identified in the early-middle Miocene mudstone from the southeast of the Qiongdongnan Basin(QDNB),using advanced coherence technology.Those faults are platy in seismic profile,more than 45° dipping,less than 1000m long,with diverse fault striking in different regions.Intrastratal faults,which are limited in layers,are variety of type composite faults formed by volumetric contraction under the influence of various mechanical mechanisms such as regional stress field,gravitational spreading and hydraulic fracture.In the northeast part of the studying area,the faults are composed of EW-trending densely faulted belt and SN-trending linear faults,which resulted from volumetric contraction and gravitational spreading.In the central part of the studying area,the faults are composed of radial faults and other faults perpendicular to the former,which formed by hydraulic fracture and volumetric contraction.In the southwest part of the studying area,the intrastratal faults were formed by volumetric contraction and regional stress,and the intrastratal faults are perpendicular to the tectonic faults in the tectonic faults-affected area,and exhibit polygonal faults in the non-tectonic faults-affected area.
Based on geological interpretation of the latest 3D seismic data,combined with drilling data,a large number of intrastratal faults have recently been identified in the early-middle Miocene mudstone from the southeast of the Qiongdongnan Basin(QDNB),using advanced coherence technology.Those faults are platy in seismic profile,more than 45° dipping,less than 1000m long,with diverse fault striking in different regions.Intrastratal faults,which are limited in layers,are variety of type composite faults formed by volumetric contraction under the influence of various mechanical mechanisms such as regional stress field,gravitational spreading and hydraulic fracture.In the northeast part of the studying area,the faults are composed of EW-trending densely faulted belt and SN-trending linear faults,which resulted from volumetric contraction and gravitational spreading.In the central part of the studying area,the faults are composed of radial faults and other faults perpendicular to the former,which formed by hydraulic fracture and volumetric contraction.In the southwest part of the studying area,the intrastratal faults were formed by volumetric contraction and regional stress,and the intrastratal faults are perpendicular to the tectonic faults in the tectonic faults-affected area,and exhibit polygonal faults in the non-tectonic faults-affected area.
引文
付晓飞,宋岩.2008.松辽盆地三肇凹陷“T11”多边断层非构造成因机制探讨.地质学报,82(6):738-749.
李纯泉,陈红汉,张树林.2002.琼东南盆地压力场及其演化特征.新疆石油地质,23(5):389-391.
吴时国,孙启良,董冬冬.2009a.深水盆地中多边形断层的几何特征与形成机制探讨.地质力学学报,1(3):231-240.
吴时国,孙启良,吴拓宇,袁圣强,马玉,姚根顺.2009b.琼东南盆地深水区多边形断层的发现及其油气意义.石油学报,30(1):22-26.
谢文彦,王涛,张一伟,姜建群.2009.琼东南盆地西南部新生代裂陷特征与岩浆活动机理.大地构造与成矿学,33(2):199-205.
于俊峰,段如泰.2008.琼东南盆地2号断裂东带发育特征及形成机理.大地构造与成矿学,32(3):293-299.
余一欣,汤良杰,余纯利.2005.多边断层系及其研究现状.世界地质,24(2):149-153.
Cartwright J A.1994a.Episodic basin-wide hydrofracturing of overpressured Early Cenozoic mudrock sequences in theNorth Sea Basin.Marine and Petroleum Geology,11:587-607.
Cartwright J A.1994b.Episodic basin-wide expulsion from geo-pressured shale sequences in the North Sea basin.Geology,22:447-450.
Cartwright J A and Dewhurst D N.1998.Layer-bound compac-tion faults in fine-grained sediments.Geological Society ofAmerica Bulletin,110:1242-1257.
Cartwright J A and Lonergan L.1996.Volumetric contractionduring the compaction of mudrocks:A mechanism for thedevelopment of regional-scale polygonal fault systems.Ba-sin Research,8:183-193.
Clausen J A,Gabrielsen R H,Reksnes P A and Nysaether E.1999.Development of intraformational(Oligocene-Mio-cene)faults in the northern North Sea:Influence of remotestresses and doming of Fennoscandia.Journal ofSt ructuralGeology,21:1457-1475.
Clausen O R and Korstgard J A.1993.Small-scale faulting asan indicator of deformation mechanism in the Tertiary sedi-ments of the northern Danish Central Trough.Journal ofStructural Geology,15:1343-1357.
Cripps J C and Taylor R K.1981.The engineering properties ofmudrocks.Quarterly Journal ofEngineering Geology andHydrogeology,4:325-346.
Dewhurst D N,Cartwright J A and Lonergan L.1999.The de-velopment of polygonal fault systems by syneresis of colloi-dal sediments.Marine and Petroleum Geology,16:793-810.
Dorthe MH,John W S,Mark AW and Holger L A.2004.De-velopment of a major polygonal fault system in Upper Creta-ceous chalk and Cenozoic mudrocks of the Sable Subbasin,Canadian Atlantic margin.Marine and Petroleum Geology,21:1205-1219.
Gay A,Lopez M,Cochonat P,Levache D,Sermondadaz G andSeranne M.2006a.Evidences of early to late fluid migra-tion from an upper Miocene turbiditic channel revealed by3D seismic coupled to geochemical sampling within seafloorpockmarks,Lower Congo Basin.Marine and Petroleum Ge-ology,23(3):387-399.
Gay A,Lopez M,Cochonat P,Seranne M,Levache D and Ser-mondadaz G.2006b.Isolated seafloor pockmarks linked toBSRs,fluid chimneys,polygonal faults and stacked Oligo-cene-Miocene turbiditic palaeochannels in the Lower CongoBasin.Marine Geology,226:25-40.
Goulty N R.2001.Polygonal fault networks in fine-grained sed-iments-analternative to the syneresis mechanism.FirstBreak,19:69-73.
Goulty N R.2002.Mechanics of layer-bound polygonal faultingin fine grained sediments.Journal ofthe Geological Socie-ty,159:239-246.
Goulty N R and Swarbrick R E.2005.Development of polygo-nal fault systems:A test of hypothesis.Journal ofthe Geo-logical Society,162:587-590.
Goulty N R.2008.Geomechanics of polygonal fault systems:Areview.Petroleum Geoscience,14:389-397.
Hansen D M and Cartwrigh J.2006.The three-dimensional ge-ometry and growth of forced folds above saucer-shaped igne-ous sills.Journal ofStructural Geology,28:1520-1535.
Henriet J P,De Batist M and Verschuren M.1991.Early frac-turing of Paleogen clays,southernmost North sea:Rele-vance to mechanisms of primary hydrocarbon migration//Spencer A M(Ed.),Generation,Accumulation and Pro-duction of Europe's Hydrocarbons,1.European AssociationofPetroleum Geoscientists Special Publication:217-227.
Higgs W G and McClay K R.1993.Analogue sandbox model-ling of Miocene extensional faulting in the Outer MorayFirth//Williams G D and Dobb A(Eds.),Tectonics andSeismic Sequence Stratigraphy,71.Geological Society ofLondon Special Publication:141-162.
Hustoft S,Mienert J,Bnz S and Nouze H.2007.High-resolu-tion3D-seismic data indicate focussed fluid migration path-ways above polygonal fault systems of the mid-Norwegianmargin.Marine Geology,245:89-106.
Jones M E.1994.Mechanical principles of sediment deforma-tion//The Geological Deformation of Sediments.Cam-bridge:37-71.
Larter S,Aplin A C,Bowler B,Lloyd R,Zwach C,Hansen S,Telnaes N,Sylta O,Yardley G and Childs C.2000.Adrain in my graben:An integrated study of the Heimdal ar-ea petroleum system.Journal ofGeochemical Exploration,69:619-622.
Lippard S and Fanavoll S.1992.Shallow faulting around theNordkapp Basin and its possible relation to regional uplift.Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift,72:317-320.
Lonergan L,Cartwright J A,Laver R and Staurth J.1998a.Po-lygonal faulting in the Tertiary of the central North Sea:Im-plications for reservoir geology.Structural Geology in Res-ervoir Characterization,127.Geological Society ofLondonSpecial Publication:191-207.
Lonergan L,Cartwright J A,Laver R,Staurth J and Jolly R.1998b.The geometry of polygonal fault systems in Tertiarymudrocks of the North Sea.Journal ofStructural Geology,20:529-548.
Nicola D P,Cristiano C,Trippetta F,Massimiliano R,Barchiand Giorgio M.2007.A mechanical model for complexfault patterns induced by evaporite dehydration and cyclicchanges in fluid pressure.Journal ofStructural Geology,29:1573-1584.
Paola N D,Collettini C,Trippetta F,Barchi M R and MinelliG.2007.A mechanical model for complex fault patterns induced by evaporite dehydration and cyclic changes in flu-id pressure.Journal of Structural Geology,29:1573-1584.
Sun Qiliang,Wu Shiguo,Yao Genshun and Lu Fuliang.2009.Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of PolygonalFaults in Qiongdongnan Basin,Northern South China Sea.Journal ofEarth Science,20(1):180-192.
Stewart S A.2006.Implications of passive salt diaper kinemat-ics for reservoir segmentation by radial and concentricfaults.Marine and Petroleum Geology,23:843-853.
Stuevold L M,Faerseth R B,Arnesen L,Cartwright J A andMller N.2003.Polygonal faults in the Ormen Lange Field,More Basin,offshore Mid-Norway//Subsurface SedimentMobilization.Geol Soc Spec Pub,16:263-281.
Victor P and Moretti I.2006.Polygonal fault systems and chan-nel boudinage:3D analysis of multidirectional extension inanalogue sandbox experiments.Marine and Petroleum Geol-ogy,23:777-789.
李纯泉,陈红汉,张树林.2002.琼东南盆地压力场及其演化特征.新疆石油地质,23(5):389-391.
吴时国,孙启良,董冬冬.2009a.深水盆地中多边形断层的几何特征与形成机制探讨.地质力学学报,1(3):231-240.
吴时国,孙启良,吴拓宇,袁圣强,马玉,姚根顺.2009b.琼东南盆地深水区多边形断层的发现及其油气意义.石油学报,30(1):22-26.
谢文彦,王涛,张一伟,姜建群.2009.琼东南盆地西南部新生代裂陷特征与岩浆活动机理.大地构造与成矿学,33(2):199-205.
于俊峰,段如泰.2008.琼东南盆地2号断裂东带发育特征及形成机理.大地构造与成矿学,32(3):293-299.
余一欣,汤良杰,余纯利.2005.多边断层系及其研究现状.世界地质,24(2):149-153.
Cartwright J A.1994a.Episodic basin-wide hydrofracturing of overpressured Early Cenozoic mudrock sequences in theNorth Sea Basin.Marine and Petroleum Geology,11:587-607.
Cartwright J A.1994b.Episodic basin-wide expulsion from geo-pressured shale sequences in the North Sea basin.Geology,22:447-450.
Cartwright J A and Dewhurst D N.1998.Layer-bound compac-tion faults in fine-grained sediments.Geological Society ofAmerica Bulletin,110:1242-1257.
Cartwright J A and Lonergan L.1996.Volumetric contractionduring the compaction of mudrocks:A mechanism for thedevelopment of regional-scale polygonal fault systems.Ba-sin Research,8:183-193.
Clausen J A,Gabrielsen R H,Reksnes P A and Nysaether E.1999.Development of intraformational(Oligocene-Mio-cene)faults in the northern North Sea:Influence of remotestresses and doming of Fennoscandia.Journal ofSt ructuralGeology,21:1457-1475.
Clausen O R and Korstgard J A.1993.Small-scale faulting asan indicator of deformation mechanism in the Tertiary sedi-ments of the northern Danish Central Trough.Journal ofStructural Geology,15:1343-1357.
Cripps J C and Taylor R K.1981.The engineering properties ofmudrocks.Quarterly Journal ofEngineering Geology andHydrogeology,4:325-346.
Dewhurst D N,Cartwright J A and Lonergan L.1999.The de-velopment of polygonal fault systems by syneresis of colloi-dal sediments.Marine and Petroleum Geology,16:793-810.
Dorthe MH,John W S,Mark AW and Holger L A.2004.De-velopment of a major polygonal fault system in Upper Creta-ceous chalk and Cenozoic mudrocks of the Sable Subbasin,Canadian Atlantic margin.Marine and Petroleum Geology,21:1205-1219.
Gay A,Lopez M,Cochonat P,Levache D,Sermondadaz G andSeranne M.2006a.Evidences of early to late fluid migra-tion from an upper Miocene turbiditic channel revealed by3D seismic coupled to geochemical sampling within seafloorpockmarks,Lower Congo Basin.Marine and Petroleum Ge-ology,23(3):387-399.
Gay A,Lopez M,Cochonat P,Seranne M,Levache D and Ser-mondadaz G.2006b.Isolated seafloor pockmarks linked toBSRs,fluid chimneys,polygonal faults and stacked Oligo-cene-Miocene turbiditic palaeochannels in the Lower CongoBasin.Marine Geology,226:25-40.
Goulty N R.2001.Polygonal fault networks in fine-grained sed-iments-analternative to the syneresis mechanism.FirstBreak,19:69-73.
Goulty N R.2002.Mechanics of layer-bound polygonal faultingin fine grained sediments.Journal ofthe Geological Socie-ty,159:239-246.
Goulty N R and Swarbrick R E.2005.Development of polygo-nal fault systems:A test of hypothesis.Journal ofthe Geo-logical Society,162:587-590.
Goulty N R.2008.Geomechanics of polygonal fault systems:Areview.Petroleum Geoscience,14:389-397.
Hansen D M and Cartwrigh J.2006.The three-dimensional ge-ometry and growth of forced folds above saucer-shaped igne-ous sills.Journal ofStructural Geology,28:1520-1535.
Henriet J P,De Batist M and Verschuren M.1991.Early frac-turing of Paleogen clays,southernmost North sea:Rele-vance to mechanisms of primary hydrocarbon migration//Spencer A M(Ed.),Generation,Accumulation and Pro-duction of Europe's Hydrocarbons,1.European AssociationofPetroleum Geoscientists Special Publication:217-227.
Higgs W G and McClay K R.1993.Analogue sandbox model-ling of Miocene extensional faulting in the Outer MorayFirth//Williams G D and Dobb A(Eds.),Tectonics andSeismic Sequence Stratigraphy,71.Geological Society ofLondon Special Publication:141-162.
Hustoft S,Mienert J,Bnz S and Nouze H.2007.High-resolu-tion3D-seismic data indicate focussed fluid migration path-ways above polygonal fault systems of the mid-Norwegianmargin.Marine Geology,245:89-106.
Jones M E.1994.Mechanical principles of sediment deforma-tion//The Geological Deformation of Sediments.Cam-bridge:37-71.
Larter S,Aplin A C,Bowler B,Lloyd R,Zwach C,Hansen S,Telnaes N,Sylta O,Yardley G and Childs C.2000.Adrain in my graben:An integrated study of the Heimdal ar-ea petroleum system.Journal ofGeochemical Exploration,69:619-622.
Lippard S and Fanavoll S.1992.Shallow faulting around theNordkapp Basin and its possible relation to regional uplift.Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift,72:317-320.
Lonergan L,Cartwright J A,Laver R and Staurth J.1998a.Po-lygonal faulting in the Tertiary of the central North Sea:Im-plications for reservoir geology.Structural Geology in Res-ervoir Characterization,127.Geological Society ofLondonSpecial Publication:191-207.
Lonergan L,Cartwright J A,Laver R,Staurth J and Jolly R.1998b.The geometry of polygonal fault systems in Tertiarymudrocks of the North Sea.Journal ofStructural Geology,20:529-548.
Nicola D P,Cristiano C,Trippetta F,Massimiliano R,Barchiand Giorgio M.2007.A mechanical model for complexfault patterns induced by evaporite dehydration and cyclicchanges in fluid pressure.Journal ofStructural Geology,29:1573-1584.
Paola N D,Collettini C,Trippetta F,Barchi M R and MinelliG.2007.A mechanical model for complex fault patterns induced by evaporite dehydration and cyclic changes in flu-id pressure.Journal of Structural Geology,29:1573-1584.
Sun Qiliang,Wu Shiguo,Yao Genshun and Lu Fuliang.2009.Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of PolygonalFaults in Qiongdongnan Basin,Northern South China Sea.Journal ofEarth Science,20(1):180-192.
Stewart S A.2006.Implications of passive salt diaper kinemat-ics for reservoir segmentation by radial and concentricfaults.Marine and Petroleum Geology,23:843-853.
Stuevold L M,Faerseth R B,Arnesen L,Cartwright J A andMller N.2003.Polygonal faults in the Ormen Lange Field,More Basin,offshore Mid-Norway//Subsurface SedimentMobilization.Geol Soc Spec Pub,16:263-281.
Victor P and Moretti I.2006.Polygonal fault systems and chan-nel boudinage:3D analysis of multidirectional extension inanalogue sandbox experiments.Marine and Petroleum Geol-ogy,23:777-789.
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