天然气水合物成矿带的识别技术研究
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摘要
在天然气水合物的地震资料解释过程中,常规地震剖面上难以识别水合物成矿带的准确位置。通过多年的实践对比研究,认为波形、速度反演、速度模型、流体因子、瞬时振幅、相对极性和能量半衰时等各种地震剖面,能够较好地揭示水合物成矿带的地球物理异常特征。收集整理了一部分国内外对水合物成矿带的识别技术,并提出了在无井的情况下,如何利用波形、速度和各种地震属性剖面所提供的信息来确定水合物成矿带的一些新想法,以期对水合物资源量的评估能提供比较有价值的参考依据。
It is very difficult to distinguish gas hydrate zones from the normal profiles of stack or migration during interpretation of natural gas hydrates based on the seismic data,whereas the abnormal geophysical characteristic of gas hydrate zones can be shown preferably in the profiles of wavelet,inversions of velocity,model of velocity,fluid factor,inversions of wave impedance,instantaneous amplitude,apparent polarity and half-time energy.Some recognition technology of gas hydrate zones are collected from domestic and overseas,whilst some new ideas including the recognition of gas hydrate zones using the information of wavelet,velocity and other attributes,which can be applicable in the areas with no well,are put forward in this paper.The ideas and the methods mentioned in this paper might provide some valuable reference for the resource assessment of gas hydrates.
It is very difficult to distinguish gas hydrate zones from the normal profiles of stack or migration during interpretation of natural gas hydrates based on the seismic data,whereas the abnormal geophysical characteristic of gas hydrate zones can be shown preferably in the profiles of wavelet,inversions of velocity,model of velocity,fluid factor,inversions of wave impedance,instantaneous amplitude,apparent polarity and half-time energy.Some recognition technology of gas hydrate zones are collected from domestic and overseas,whilst some new ideas including the recognition of gas hydrate zones using the information of wavelet,velocity and other attributes,which can be applicable in the areas with no well,are put forward in this paper.The ideas and the methods mentioned in this paper might provide some valuable reference for the resource assessment of gas hydrates.
引文
[1]杨木壮.海洋天然气水合物地震识别标志[M]//国土资源部广州海洋地质调查局情报研究室.南海地质研究(12).北京:地质出版社,2000:1-7.
[2]宋海斌,张岭,江为为,等.海洋天然气水合物的地球物理研究(Ⅲ):似海底反射[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(2):182-187.
[3]宋海斌,江为为,张岭.海洋天然气水合物的地球物理研究(Ⅳ):双似海底反射[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(3):368-373.
[4]Miller J J,Myung WL,von Huene R.An analysis of a reflectionfrom the base of a gas hydrate zone of Peru[J].American Asso-ciation of Petrology Geological Bulletin,1991,75:910-924.
[5]Hyndman R D,Spence G D.A seismic study of methane hydratemarine bottom simulating reflectors[J].Journal of GeophysicalResearch,1992,97(B5):6683-6698.
[6]张光学,黄永样,陈邦彦,等.海域天然气水合物地震学[M].北京:海洋出版社,2003.
[7]Ecker C,Dvorkin J,Nur A M.Estimating the amount of gas hy-drate and free gas from marine seismic data[J].Geophysics,2000,65:565-573.
[8]Lee M W.Seismic character of gas hydrates on the southeasternU.S.continental margin[J].Marine Geophysical Research,1993,16:163-184.
[9]李正文,赵志超.地震勘探资料解释[M].北京:地质出版社,1988.
[10]雷怀彦,郑艳红,吴保祥.天然气水合物勘探方法——BSR适用性探析[J].海洋石油,2002,114:1-8.
[11]Shiply TH.Seismic evidence for widespread possible gas hydratehorizons on continental slopes and rises[J].American Associa-tion of Petrology Geological Bulletin,1979,63(12):2204-2213.
[12]Kvenvolden K A,McDonald T J.Gas hydrate of the MiddleAmerica Trench-Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 84[R].InitialReports of Deep Sea Drilling Project.Washington:GovernmentPrinting Office,1985,84:667-682.
[13]Ewing J I,Hollister C H.Regional aspects of deep sea drilling inthe western North Atlantic[R].Initial Reports of Deep Sea Drill-ing Project.Washington:Government Printing Office,1972,11:951-971.
[14]沙志彬,杨木壮,梁金强,等.BSR的反射波特征及其对天然气水合物识别的应用[M].国土资源部广州海洋地质调查局情报研究室.南海地质研究(2003).北京:地质出版社,2004:55-61.
[15]Tucholke B E,Bryan G M,Ewing J I.Gas-hydrate horizons de-tected in seismic-profile data from the western North Atlantic[J].American Association of Petrology Geological Bulletin,1977,61:698-707.
[16]沙志彬,张光学,杨木壮,等.波形曲线特征在天然气水合物资源量研究中的地质意义[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(3):944-948.
[17]王淑红,宋海斌,颜文.天然气水合物稳定带的计算方法与参数选择探讨[J].现代地质,2005,19(1):101-107.
[18]吴志强,陈建文,龚建明,等.海域天然气水合物的BSR成因[J].海洋地质动态,2004,20(6):25-30.
[19]梁劲,王宏斌,郭依群,等.南海北部陆坡天然气水合物地震速度研究[J].现代地质,2006,20(1):123-129.
[2]宋海斌,张岭,江为为,等.海洋天然气水合物的地球物理研究(Ⅲ):似海底反射[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(2):182-187.
[3]宋海斌,江为为,张岭.海洋天然气水合物的地球物理研究(Ⅳ):双似海底反射[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(3):368-373.
[4]Miller J J,Myung WL,von Huene R.An analysis of a reflectionfrom the base of a gas hydrate zone of Peru[J].American Asso-ciation of Petrology Geological Bulletin,1991,75:910-924.
[5]Hyndman R D,Spence G D.A seismic study of methane hydratemarine bottom simulating reflectors[J].Journal of GeophysicalResearch,1992,97(B5):6683-6698.
[6]张光学,黄永样,陈邦彦,等.海域天然气水合物地震学[M].北京:海洋出版社,2003.
[7]Ecker C,Dvorkin J,Nur A M.Estimating the amount of gas hy-drate and free gas from marine seismic data[J].Geophysics,2000,65:565-573.
[8]Lee M W.Seismic character of gas hydrates on the southeasternU.S.continental margin[J].Marine Geophysical Research,1993,16:163-184.
[9]李正文,赵志超.地震勘探资料解释[M].北京:地质出版社,1988.
[10]雷怀彦,郑艳红,吴保祥.天然气水合物勘探方法——BSR适用性探析[J].海洋石油,2002,114:1-8.
[11]Shiply TH.Seismic evidence for widespread possible gas hydratehorizons on continental slopes and rises[J].American Associa-tion of Petrology Geological Bulletin,1979,63(12):2204-2213.
[12]Kvenvolden K A,McDonald T J.Gas hydrate of the MiddleAmerica Trench-Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 84[R].InitialReports of Deep Sea Drilling Project.Washington:GovernmentPrinting Office,1985,84:667-682.
[13]Ewing J I,Hollister C H.Regional aspects of deep sea drilling inthe western North Atlantic[R].Initial Reports of Deep Sea Drill-ing Project.Washington:Government Printing Office,1972,11:951-971.
[14]沙志彬,杨木壮,梁金强,等.BSR的反射波特征及其对天然气水合物识别的应用[M].国土资源部广州海洋地质调查局情报研究室.南海地质研究(2003).北京:地质出版社,2004:55-61.
[15]Tucholke B E,Bryan G M,Ewing J I.Gas-hydrate horizons de-tected in seismic-profile data from the western North Atlantic[J].American Association of Petrology Geological Bulletin,1977,61:698-707.
[16]沙志彬,张光学,杨木壮,等.波形曲线特征在天然气水合物资源量研究中的地质意义[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(3):944-948.
[17]王淑红,宋海斌,颜文.天然气水合物稳定带的计算方法与参数选择探讨[J].现代地质,2005,19(1):101-107.
[18]吴志强,陈建文,龚建明,等.海域天然气水合物的BSR成因[J].海洋地质动态,2004,20(6):25-30.
[19]梁劲,王宏斌,郭依群,等.南海北部陆坡天然气水合物地震速度研究[J].现代地质,2006,20(1):123-129.
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