鄂尔多斯盆地上地壳速度分布与沉积建造和结晶基底起伏的构造研究
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摘要
基于在鄂尔多斯盆地与其北部造山带地域,即沿延川—包头—满都拉地带进行的地震宽角反射和折射波场探测,取得了高分辨率的Pg波震相.通过走时差分层析成像方法进行Pg波波场走时反演,给出了沿剖面辖区的上地壳速度分布,求得了沉积建造和结晶基底折射界面的起伏变化,并给予了解释.研究结果表明,鄂尔多斯盆地上地壳为双层结构,上下层之间存在明显的折射界面,上层速度低,纵向变化梯度大;下层速度高,变化较为均匀.基于沿剖面辖区上地壳的速度分布特征提出自南向北应分为:榆林南凹陷、榆林—刀兔隆起、刀兔北至鄂尔多斯北缘断裂为箕形凹陷及其内部的次级构造、呼包凹陷以及伴随的断裂等沉积建造和结晶基底的起伏变化.阴山造山带上地壳速度明显比两侧地区高,速度呈纵向条带状展布,故呈现出结晶基底结构的分布特征和乌拉山、色尔腾山、和教岩体及白云鄂博群陆壳拼合及增生现象.内蒙造山带上地壳亦为双层结构,但基底折射界面不如鄂尔多斯块体明显.本文基于对该区沉积建造和结晶基底的起伏,讨论了沿剖面各有关凹陷的沉积特征与油气前景.
Along the line Yanchuan-Baotou-Mandela in the Ordos basin and adjacent Yinshan mountainous area in the north China,a wide-angle reflection and refraction seismic sounding has been carried out yielding Pg wave data of high resolution.By the traveltime differential tomographic imaging,traveltime inversion of the Pg wave field is performed to determine velovity distribution of the upper crust,and undulation of sedimentary formation and crystalline basement along the profile.And geological interpretation to these features is made.The result shows that the upper crust below the Ordos basin is of a double-layer structure,with a distinct interface between the upper and lower layer.The upper layer is characterized by low velocity and big gradients in vertical direction,while the lower layer has high velocity and changes gently.In the light of the velocity distribution in the upper crust of the study area,it is suggested that the sedimentary formation and crystalline basement undulate in NS direction,generating a series of rising and falling structures.From south to north,they are the depression south to Yulin,Yulin-Daotu swell,listric depression from northern Daotu to the fault on the northern edge of Ordos and secondary structure in it,and Hohhot-Baotou depression and its interior faults.In the north,seismic wave velocity in the upper crust beneath the Yinshan Mountains(Mt.) is obviously higher than that below the areas on the both sides,exhibiting a pattern of longitudinal belt.It reflects the feature of the crystalline basement of this area,which is associated with collage and accretion of several blocks such as the Wula'er shan Mt.,Se'erteng double-layer structure,though its refraction interface of the basement is not so clear as that below the Ordos basin.Based on the structures of sedimentary formation and undulation of the crystalline basement of the study area,we have discussed the sedimentary features and hydrocarbon prospects of every depression along the profile.
Along the line Yanchuan-Baotou-Mandela in the Ordos basin and adjacent Yinshan mountainous area in the north China,a wide-angle reflection and refraction seismic sounding has been carried out yielding Pg wave data of high resolution.By the traveltime differential tomographic imaging,traveltime inversion of the Pg wave field is performed to determine velovity distribution of the upper crust,and undulation of sedimentary formation and crystalline basement along the profile.And geological interpretation to these features is made.The result shows that the upper crust below the Ordos basin is of a double-layer structure,with a distinct interface between the upper and lower layer.The upper layer is characterized by low velocity and big gradients in vertical direction,while the lower layer has high velocity and changes gently.In the light of the velocity distribution in the upper crust of the study area,it is suggested that the sedimentary formation and crystalline basement undulate in NS direction,generating a series of rising and falling structures.From south to north,they are the depression south to Yulin,Yulin-Daotu swell,listric depression from northern Daotu to the fault on the northern edge of Ordos and secondary structure in it,and Hohhot-Baotou depression and its interior faults.In the north,seismic wave velocity in the upper crust beneath the Yinshan Mountains(Mt.) is obviously higher than that below the areas on the both sides,exhibiting a pattern of longitudinal belt.It reflects the feature of the crystalline basement of this area,which is associated with collage and accretion of several blocks such as the Wula'er shan Mt.,Se'erteng double-layer structure,though its refraction interface of the basement is not so clear as that below the Ordos basin.Based on the structures of sedimentary formation and undulation of the crystalline basement of the study area,we have discussed the sedimentary features and hydrocarbon prospects of every depression along the profile.
引文
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[2]宋鸿林.燕山式板内造山带基本特征与动力学探讨.地学前缘,1999,6(4):309~316Song H L.Characteristics of Yanshan type intraplateorogenic belts and a discussion onits dynamics.Earth ScienceFrontiers(in Chinese),1999,6(4):309~316
[3]张振法.阴山山链隆起机制及其有关问题探讨.内蒙古地质,1995,(1):17~35Zhang Z F.Approachtothe mechanismand relative problemsof Yinshan China uplift.Geology of Inner Mongolia(inChinese),1995,(1):17~35
[4]和政军,李锦轶,牛宝贵等.燕山—阴山地区晚侏罗世强烈推覆—隆升事件及其沉积响应.地质论评,1998,44(1):407~418He Z J,Li J Y,Niu B G,et al.A Late Jurassic intensethrusting-uplifting event in the Yanshan Yinshan area,Northern China,and its sedi mentary response.GeologicalReview(in Chinese),1998,44(1):407~418
[5]刘池洋.盆地多种能源矿产共存富集成藏(矿)研究进展.北京:科学出版社,2005Liu C Y.Advances in the Accumulation and Formation forMulti-energy Mineral Deposits Coexisting in the Same Basin(in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,2005
[6]郭忠铭,张军,于思平.鄂尔多斯地块油气构造演化特征.石油勘探与开发,1994,21(2):22~29Guo Z M,Zhang J,Yu S P.The evolutional characteristicsof structure of the oil and gas bearing areas in Ordos massif.PetroleumExploration and Development(in Chinese),1994,21(2):22~29
[7]江为为,郝天珧,宋海斌.鄂尔多斯盆地地质地球物理特征与地壳结构.地球物理学进展,2000,15(3):45~53Jiang W W,Hao T Y,Song H B.Crustal structure andgeological and geophysical features of Ordos basin.Progressin Geophysics(in Chinese),2000,15(3):45~53
[8]陈刚,李向平,周立发等.鄂尔多斯盆地构造与多种矿产的耦合成矿特征.地学前缘,2005,12(4):535~541Chen G,Li X P,Zhou L F,et al.Ordos basin tectonicsrelative to the coupling coexistence of multiple energyresources.Earth Science Frontiers(in Chinese),2005,12(4):535~541
[9]贾进斗,何国琦,李茂松等.鄂尔多斯盆地基底结构特征及其对古生界天然气的控制.高校地质学报,1997,3(2):144~153Jia J D,He G Q,Li M S,et al.Structural feature ofbasement in the Ordos basin andits control to Paleozoic gas.Geological Journal of Universities(in Chinese),1997,3(2):144~153
[10]邓军,王庆飞,黄定华等.鄂尔多斯盆地基底演化及其对盖层的控制作用.地学前缘,2005,12(3):91~99Deng J,Wang Q F,Huang D H,et al.Basement evolutionof the ordos basin and its constraint on cap rock.EarthScience Frontiers(in Chinese),2005,12(3):91~99
[11]王双明,张玉平.鄂尔多斯侏罗纪盆地形成演化和聚煤规律.地学前缘,1999,6(增刊):147~155Wang S M,Zhang Y P.Study on the formation,evolutionand coal-accumulating regularity of the Jurassic Ordos basin.Earth Science Frontiers(in Chinese),1999,6(Suppl.):147~155
[12]马杏垣,王楫,李双庆等.有关内蒙古地质构造的一线之见一江苏响水至内蒙古满都拉地学断面北段研究报道之一.地震地质,1988,10:45~50Ma X Y,Wang J,Li S Q,et al.A report of geologicalobservations on northern segment(Baotou to Mondula)ofthe geoscience transect from Xiangshui,Jiangsu,to Mandula,Nei Monggol.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),1988,10:45~50
[13]刘昌铨,嘉世旭,杜官恒.江苏响水一内蒙古满都拉地学断面地震折射测深结果.地震地质,1991,13(3):193~204Liu C Q,Jia S X,Du G H.Result of seismic refractionsounding along the transect from Xiangshui.Jiangsu,toMondula,Nei Monggol.Seismology and Geology(inChinese),1991,13(3):193~204
[14]李祥,包东健,陈原平等.内蒙古中部地区壳幔介质的分层结构.华北地震科学,1987,4:60~67Li X,Bao DJ,Chen YP,et al.The Layered structure of thecrust and mantle mediumin central Inner Mongolia.NorthChina Earthquake Sciences(in Chinese),1987,4:60~67
[15]江钊,孙洁,徐常芳等.江苏响水—内蒙满都拉地壳上地幔电性结构初探—地学断面研究报道之三.地震地质,1990,12(3):193~206Jiang Z,Sun Jie,Xu C F,et al.Preli minary study forelectrcal structure of crust and upper mantle from Xiangshui,Jiangsu to Mandula of Nei mongol.Sei mology and Geology(in Chinese),1990,12(3):193~206
[16]王光杰,王谦身,滕吉文等.阴山大青山山系特异重力场与深部构造.地球物理学进展,2004,19(3):602~607Wang GJ,Wang QS,Teng J W,et al.The special Bouguergravity fields and the deep structure in Yinshan-Daqingshanmountains.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2004,19(3):602~607
[17]王谦身,滕吉文,王光杰等.内蒙古阴山地区特异区域重磁场与深部构造,地球物理学报,2005,48(2):314~320Wang Q S,Teng J W,Wang G J,et al.The region gravityand magnetic anomaly fields and the deep structure inYinshan mountains of Inner Mongolia.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(2):314~320
[18]Hole J A.Nonlinear high-resolutionthree-di mensional seismictravel ti me tomography.J.Geophys Res.1992,135:6553~6562
[19]刘池洋,赵红格,桂小军等.鄂尔多斯盆地演化—改造的时空坐标及其成藏(矿)响应.地质学报,2006,80(5):617~638Liu C Y,Zhao H G,Gui XJ,et al.Space-ti me coordinate ofthe evolution and reformation and mineralization response inOrdos basin.Acta Geological Sinica(in Chinese),2006,80(5):617~638
[20]内蒙古自治区地质矿产局.内蒙古自治区区域地质志.北京:地质出版社,1991.573~588Bureau of Geological minerals of Nei Mongol Zizhiqu.Regional geological annals of Nei Mongol Zizhiqu(inChinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1991.573~588
[21]滕吉文.石油地球物理勘探的发展空间与自主创新.石油物探,2007,46(3):213~225Teng J W.Development prospect and indepandent innovationof petroleum geophysical prospecting in China.GeophysicalProspecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),2007,46(3):213~225
[22]袁秦喜,孙鸿,戴鹏等.人工地震测深和天然地震流动观测兼用的轻便数字地震仪系统.中国地震,1999,15(2):159~166Yuan Q X,Sun H,Dai P,et al.Portable digital seismic dataacquisition systemfor deep seismic sounding and earthquakesurvey.Earthquake Research in China(in Chinese),1999,15(2):159~166
[23]Vidale J.Finite-difference calculation of travel-ti mes in threedi mensions.Geophysics,1990,55:521~526
[24]王椿镛,张先康,丁志峰等.大别造山带上部地壳结构有限差分层析成像.地球物理学报,1997,40(4):495~510Wang C Y,Zhang X K,Ding Z F,et al.Finite-differencetomography of upper crustal structure in Dabieshan orogenicbelt.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1997,40(4):495~510
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