河西走廊盆地西段玉门断裂晚新生代的活动特征
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摘要
玉门断裂中段地表地貌陡坎明显,主断裂直接出露地表,使前新生代地层或早新生代地层与晚新生代松散沉积物呈断裂接触,说明玉门断裂中段形成早、活动时间长、位移幅度大,从而在冰沟口一带形成宽度超过200m的巨大破碎带。玉门断裂西段新构造活动表现的最大特点是地表较少见及主断裂的出露,以隐伏断裂为主。在地表常见有由新近系地层组成的不对称褶皱构造,属于与逆冲断裂密切相关的、也是正在变形的"活动背斜"。这说明玉门活动断裂西段形成时间较晚、活动时间短、活动位移幅度比较小。玉门断裂的活动性质以粘滑变形为主,次为蠕滑变形。玉门断裂是全新世活动断裂,最近2次新构造活动发生在距今7.4ka和3.2ka的全新世中期和晚期。该断裂也是现代发震断裂,,其西端深部的扩展破裂引发2002年的5.9级玉门地震。
There is a distinct steep morphologic steep slope in the central segment of the Yumen fault, where the principal fault is di- rectly exposed at the surface, making pre-Cenozoic or Early Cenozoic strata in fault contact with Late Cenozoic loose sediments. This indicates that the central segment of the Yumen fault formed earlier, was active for a longer time and has a larger displacement amount, thus forming a giant fracture zone >200 m wide in the Binggoukou area. The main features of neotectonic activity in the western segment of the Yumen fault is that the principal fault is seldom exposed at the surface and in the main hidden. At the surface the asymmetric folds (Laojunmiao anticline) made up of Neogene strata are usually seen at the surface, belonging to a deformed "active anticline" closely related to the thrust fault. This suggests that the western segment of the fault formed later, was active for a shorter time and has a smaller displacement amount. Characteristically, the fault moves mainly by means of stick-slip deformation and less commonly by creep deformation. As a Holocen active one, the fault experienced tow neotectonic movements in the middle and late Holocene, i.e. at ~7.4 and ~3.2 ka BP respectively. The fault is also an earthquake structure presently, and its propagation and rupture at depth at the western end caused the Ms 5.9 Yumen earthquake in 2002.
There is a distinct steep morphologic steep slope in the central segment of the Yumen fault, where the principal fault is di- rectly exposed at the surface, making pre-Cenozoic or Early Cenozoic strata in fault contact with Late Cenozoic loose sediments. This indicates that the central segment of the Yumen fault formed earlier, was active for a longer time and has a larger displacement amount, thus forming a giant fracture zone >200 m wide in the Binggoukou area. The main features of neotectonic activity in the western segment of the Yumen fault is that the principal fault is seldom exposed at the surface and in the main hidden. At the surface the asymmetric folds (Laojunmiao anticline) made up of Neogene strata are usually seen at the surface, belonging to a deformed "active anticline" closely related to the thrust fault. This suggests that the western segment of the fault formed later, was active for a shorter time and has a smaller displacement amount. Characteristically, the fault moves mainly by means of stick-slip deformation and less commonly by creep deformation. As a Holocen active one, the fault experienced tow neotectonic movements in the middle and late Holocene, i.e. at ~7.4 and ~3.2 ka BP respectively. The fault is also an earthquake structure presently, and its propagation and rupture at depth at the western end caused the Ms 5.9 Yumen earthquake in 2002.
引文
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[15]时振梁,环文林,谢原定.河西走廊西部的活动断层与地震[C]//中国活动断裂.北京:地震出版社,1982:212-218.
[16]国家地震局地质研究所,国家地震局兰州地震研究所.祁连山-河西走廊活动断裂系[M].北京:地震出版社,1993:1-340.
[17]黄华芳,郑国东,方国庆,等.酒西盆地南缘推覆构造及其含油领域[J].石油与天然气地质,1993,14(3):181-190.
[18]陈柏林,刘建生,王春宇,等.阿尔金断裂昌马大坝—宽滩山段全新世活动特征[J].地质学报,2008,82(4):433-440.
[19]陈柏林,刘建民,刘建生,等.高台车站断裂全新世活动特征[J].地质学报,2006,80(4):497-507.
[20]陈柏林,王春宇,宫玉良,等.关于河西走廊盆地榆木山北缘断裂晚第四纪活动特征的新认识[J].地质通报,2007,26(8):976-983.
[2]朱弟成,潘桂棠,莫宣学,等.印度大陆和欧亚大陆的碰撞时代[J].地球科学进展,2004,19(4):564-571.
[3]莫宣学,赵志丹,周肃,等.印度-亚洲大陆的碰撞时限[J].地质通报,2007,26(10):1240-1244.
[4]徐锡伟,Tapponnier P,Woerd J V D,等.阿尔金断裂带晚第四纪左旋走滑速率及其构造运动转换模式讨论[J].中国科学(D辑),2003,33(10):967-974.
[5]向宏发,虢顺民.河西走廊玉门—嘉峪关地区活动断裂的初步研究.现代地壳运动研究(5)[M].北京:地震出版社,1991:139-145.
[6]虢顺民,向宏发,黄昭,等.祁连山-河西走廊断裂带与地震.中法合作活断层对比研究[M].北京:地震出版社,1993:94-102.
[7]陈文彬,刘百篪,徐锡伟,等.祁连山西段玉门断裂晚第四纪活动特征及相关问题的讨论[J].西北地震学报,1999,21(4):389-394.
[8]闵伟,张培震,何文贵,等.酒西盆地断层活动特征及古地震研究[J].地震地质,2002,24(1):35-44.
[9]陈柏林,刘建生,张永双,等.玉门断裂全新世活动特征及其与玉门地震的关系[J].地质论评,2005,51(2):138-142.
[10]宋春晖,方小敏,李吉均,等.青藏高原北缘酒西盆地13Ma以来沉积演化与构造隆升[J].中国科学(D辑),2001,31(增刊):155-162.
[11]陈杰,卢演俦,丁国瑜.祁连山西段及酒西盆地区第四纪构造运动的阶段划分[J].第四纪研究,1996,20(3):263-271.
[12]方小敏,赵志军,李吉均,等.祁连山北缘老君庙背斜晚新生代磁性地层与青藏高原隆升[J].中国科学(D辑),2004,34(2):97-106.
[13]陈汉林,杨树锋,肖安成,等.酒泉盆地南缘新生代冲断带的变形特征和变形时间[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27(4):488-494.
[14]杨树锋,陈汉林,程晓敏,等.祁连山北缘冲断带的特征和空间变化规律[J].地学前缘,2007,14(5):211-221.
[15]时振梁,环文林,谢原定.河西走廊西部的活动断层与地震[C]//中国活动断裂.北京:地震出版社,1982:212-218.
[16]国家地震局地质研究所,国家地震局兰州地震研究所.祁连山-河西走廊活动断裂系[M].北京:地震出版社,1993:1-340.
[17]黄华芳,郑国东,方国庆,等.酒西盆地南缘推覆构造及其含油领域[J].石油与天然气地质,1993,14(3):181-190.
[18]陈柏林,刘建生,王春宇,等.阿尔金断裂昌马大坝—宽滩山段全新世活动特征[J].地质学报,2008,82(4):433-440.
[19]陈柏林,刘建民,刘建生,等.高台车站断裂全新世活动特征[J].地质学报,2006,80(4):497-507.
[20]陈柏林,王春宇,宫玉良,等.关于河西走廊盆地榆木山北缘断裂晚第四纪活动特征的新认识[J].地质通报,2007,26(8):976-983.
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