唐家山堰塞湖大水沟泥石流发育特征及堵江危害性评价
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摘要
大水沟位于唐家山上游侧,"5.12"地震前为一条小山洪冲沟,震后由于沟域内崩塌、滑坡发育,形成极为丰富的松散物源,具备发生泥石流的所有条件,也成为唐家山堰塞湖成功泄水处理后,仍对堰塞湖正常利用起控制作用的严重地质灾害隐患点之一。通过现场实地调查,在查明沟域内松散物源分布及稳定性基础上,结合6.14泥石流发育状况,系统对大水沟泥石流发育特征及其动力学特性,尤其对在不同降雨频率下可能形成的泥石流规模进行分析研究,并对唐家山堰塞湖泄水口部位堵江规模、持续时间、溃决方式及其可能带来的危害性进行评价。分析计算结果已被2008年9月24日发生的百年一遇的泥石流所证实。
Dashui Ditch is located in the upstream side of Tangjiashan Mountain. It was a gully before the May 12 earthquake,however,extremely rich loose sources were formed with all conditions of the occurrence of a debris flow due to the collapses and landslides after the earthquake. It became one of the serious potential dangers of geological disasters after successful discharge of Tangjiashan dammed lake,which controlled the normal operation of Tangjiashan dammed lake as well. Through in-situ investigation,the developmental and dynamic features of Dashui Ditch debris flow was analyzed systematically combining with the developmental situation of debris flow on June 14 on the basis of identifying the distribution and stability of the groove loose sources. In particular,the possible sizes of the debris flow under different rain frequencies were studied,and the possible blocking size, duration and outburst forms were evaluated. The results were confirmed by the once in 100-year debris flow on September 24,2008.
Dashui Ditch is located in the upstream side of Tangjiashan Mountain. It was a gully before the May 12 earthquake,however,extremely rich loose sources were formed with all conditions of the occurrence of a debris flow due to the collapses and landslides after the earthquake. It became one of the serious potential dangers of geological disasters after successful discharge of Tangjiashan dammed lake,which controlled the normal operation of Tangjiashan dammed lake as well. Through in-situ investigation,the developmental and dynamic features of Dashui Ditch debris flow was analyzed systematically combining with the developmental situation of debris flow on June 14 on the basis of identifying the distribution and stability of the groove loose sources. In particular,the possible sizes of the debris flow under different rain frequencies were studied,and the possible blocking size, duration and outburst forms were evaluated. The results were confirmed by the once in 100-year debris flow on September 24,2008.
引文
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[2]陈洪凯,唐春梅,陈野鹰.公路泥石流研究及治理[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004.[CHEN Hongkai,TANG Chunmei,CHEN Yeying.Research and control of highway debris flow[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2004.[in Chinese]]
[3]谢洪,钟敦伦,韦方强.我国山区城镇泥石流灾害及其成因[J].山地学报,2006,24[1]:79–87.[XIE Hong,ZHONG Dunlun,WEI Fangqiang.Debris flow hazards and their formation causes in mountain urban area of China[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2006,24[1],79–87.[in Chinese]]
[4]谢洪,刘世建,钟敦伦.西部开发中的泥石流问题[J].自然灾害学报,2001,10[3]:44–50.[XIE Hong,LIU Shijian,ZHONG Dunlun.The debris flows′problems in the western China development[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2001,10[3]:44–50.[in Chinese]]
[5]HUNGR O.Analysis of debris flow surges using the theory of uniformly progressive flow[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2000,25[5]:483–495.
[6]IVERSON M,RCOSTA E J,LAHUSEN G R.Large-scale debris-flow flume becomes operational in Oregon,USA[J].Landslide News,1993,[7]:29–30.
[7]TAMOTSU T.Debris flow[M].Rotterdam:Brookfield,1991:26–89.
[8]邓建辉,陈菲,尹虎,等.泸定县四湾村滑坡的地质成因与稳定评价[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26[10]:1945–1950.[DENG Jianhui,CHEN Fei,YIN Hu,et al.Geological origin and stability evaluation of Siwancun landslide in Luding County[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26[10]:1945–1950.[in Chinese]]
[9]张金山,沈兴菊,谢洪.泥石流堵河影响因素研究——以岷江上游为例[J].灾害学,2007,22[2]:82–86.[ZHANG Jinshan,SHEN Xingju,XIE Hong.Study on factors affecting the river-blocking due to debris-flow in the upper reaches of Minjiang River[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2007,22[2]:82–86.[in Chinese]]
[10]沈军辉,朱容辰,刘维国,等.5.12汶川地震诱发都江堰龙池镇干沟泥石流可能性地质分析[J].山地学报,2008,26[5]:513–517.[SHEN Junhui,ZHU Rongchen,LIU Weiguo,et al.Possibility geological analysis of Gangou debris flow in Longchi Town in Dujiangyan induced by the earthquake of May12in Wenchuan[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2008,26[5]:513–517.[in Chinese]]
[11]程尊兰,崔鹏,李泳,等.滑坡、泥石流堰塞湖灾害主要的成灾特点与减灾对策[J].山地学报,2008,26[6]:733–738.[CHENG Zunlan,CUI Peng,LI Yong,et al.Major disasters and countermeasures of dammed lakes from landslides and debris flows[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2008,26[6]:733–738.[in Chinese]]
[12]巴仁基,王丽,宋志.泸定县牧场沟泥石流动力特性预测[J].水文地质工程地质,2008,35[6]:57–62.[BA Renji,WANG Li,SONG Zhi.The prediction of dynamic characteristics on debris flow in Muchang valley of Luding County[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2008,35[6]:57–62.[in Chinese]]
[13]刘希林,唐川.泥石流危险性评价[M].北京:科学出版社,1995.[LIU Xilin,TANG Chuan.Debris flow hazardous assessment[M].Beijing:Science Press,1995.[in Chinese]]
[14]铁永波,唐川,周春花.昆明市东川城区泥石流危险度评价[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2006,17[1]:80–82.[TIE Yongbo,TANG Chuan,ZHOU Chunhua.Information entropy-based hazard assessment of debris flow gully in Dongchuan urban area of Kunming City[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2006,17[1]:80–82.[in Chinese]]
[15]崔鹏,何易平,陈杰.泥石流输沙及其对山区河道的影响[J].山地学报,2006,24[5]:539–534.[CUI Peng,HE Yiping,CHEN Jie.Debris flow sediment transportation and its effects on rivers in mountain area[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2006,24[5]:539–534.[in Chinese]]
[16]丁继新,杨志法,尚彦军,等.区域泥石流灾害的定量风险分析[J].岩土力学,2006,27[7]:1071–1076.[DING Jixin,YANG Zhifa,SHANG Yanjun,et al.Quantitative risk analysis of regional debris flow hazards[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27[7]:1071–1076.[in Chinese]]
[17]王裕宜,胡凯衡,韦方强,等.泥石流体的流变和冲淤特征及其与危险度的关系[J].自然灾害学报,2007,16[1]:17–22.[WANG Yuyi,HU Kaiheng,WEI Fangqiang,et al.Relationship between rheology/erosion-deposit properties of debris flow and its hazard degree[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2007,16[1]:17–22.[in Chinese]]
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