岩溶流域的水系变迁——以塔河油田6区西北部奥陶系古岩溶为例
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摘要
在现代流水地貌中,由于构造运动、岩性差异以及水流侧蚀等因素,常常出现水系袭夺,并随之伴生一系列特殊的水文地貌现象,如袭夺肘、风峡、袭夺肘以下的深切河谷、断头河和倒淌河等。基于三维地震资料,本文应用地震属性分析及地震成图等相关技术,对塔河油田中-下奥陶统顶部海西早期的岩溶古地貌和古水系进行了恢复识别,发现海西早期也存在类似的水文地貌现象。依据现代水系变迁理论,证实了塔河油田6区岩溶流域早期为南向汇流结构,而后期由于西北部侵蚀基准面下降,本区流域不断被西北部流域袭夺,并大面积倒转为北西向汇流结构,再现了本区岩溶古水系及流域的阶段性演化过程,从而为揭示塔河油田奥陶系古岩溶发育规律提供了重要依据。
Because of tectonic movement,lithology diversity and lateral erosion of flow,river capture usually appears in modern fluvial landform,that is accompanied by a series of peculiar hydro-geomorphic phenomenon like captured elbow,wind gap,valley meander below the captured elbow and beheaded river and inverted river,etc.Based on 3D seismic data,applying seismic attribute and seismic imaging,the palaeo-karst-geomorphology and palaeo-drainage pattern are described and recognized in this paper.The peculiar hydro-geomorphic phenomenon is discovered in palaeo-geomorphologic map.In the light of the theory on modern river system change,it had been south-confluence structure in Block 6,Tahe Oilfield.And then,the base level of erosion declined,so this basin had been captured by the drainage basin in the north,most of which had been northwest-confluence structure.The evolutionary process of palaeo-karst-drainage pattern and drainage basin is reappeared in this paper,which supply significant foundation for revealing the Ordovician palaeo-karst development law in Tahe Oilfield.
Because of tectonic movement,lithology diversity and lateral erosion of flow,river capture usually appears in modern fluvial landform,that is accompanied by a series of peculiar hydro-geomorphic phenomenon like captured elbow,wind gap,valley meander below the captured elbow and beheaded river and inverted river,etc.Based on 3D seismic data,applying seismic attribute and seismic imaging,the palaeo-karst-geomorphology and palaeo-drainage pattern are described and recognized in this paper.The peculiar hydro-geomorphic phenomenon is discovered in palaeo-geomorphologic map.In the light of the theory on modern river system change,it had been south-confluence structure in Block 6,Tahe Oilfield.And then,the base level of erosion declined,so this basin had been captured by the drainage basin in the north,most of which had been northwest-confluence structure.The evolutionary process of palaeo-karst-drainage pattern and drainage basin is reappeared in this paper,which supply significant foundation for revealing the Ordovician palaeo-karst development law in Tahe Oilfield.
引文
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[9]康志宏.塔河碳酸盐岩油藏岩溶古地貌研究[J].新疆石油地质,2006,27(5):522-525.
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[15]陈强路,王恕一,钱一雄,等.塔里木盆地阿克库勒地区下奥陶统古岩溶及油气分布[J].沉积学报,2002,20(4):633-638.
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[17]闫相宾,张涛.塔河油田碳酸盐岩大型隐蔽油藏成藏机理探讨[J].地质评论,2004,50(4):370-375.
[18]林忠民.塔里木盆地塔河油田奥陶系大型油气藏形成条件[J].地质评论,2002,48(4):372-376.
[2]焦方正,窦之林.塔河碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏开发研究与实践[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2008:6-22.
[3]翟晓先,漆立新.塔河油田勘探实践与面临的挑战[C]//塔河油气田勘探与评价文集.北京:石油工业出版社,2006:1-10.
[4]翟晓先.塔河大油田新领域的勘探实践[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27(6):751-761.
[5]张希明,朱建国,李宗宇,等.塔河油田碳酸盐岩缝洞型油气藏的特征及缝洞单元划分[J].海相油气地质,2007,12(1):21-24.
[6]林忠民.塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层特征及成藏条件[J].石油学报,2002,23(3):23-26.
[7]肖玉茹,何峰煜,孙义梅.古洞穴型碳酸盐岩储层特征研究——以塔河油田奥陶系古洞穴为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2003,24(1):75-81.
[8]康志宏,吴铭东.利用层序地层学恢复岩溶古地貌技术——以塔河油田6区为例[J].新疆地质,2003,21(3):290-292.
[9]康志宏.塔河碳酸盐岩油藏岩溶古地貌研究[J].新疆石油地质,2006,27(5):522-525.
[10]沈玉昌,龚国元.河流地貌学概论[M].北京:科学出版社,1986:71-81.
[11]邹豹君.小地貌学原理[M].北京:商务印书馆,1985:76-107.
[12]王文鹄.四川省通口河河流袭夺[J].山地研究,1997,15(1):18-23.
[13]贾承造.塔里木盆地板块构造与大陆动力学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004:77-96.
[14]云露,闫文新,赵江.阿克库勒凸起成藏地质条件及控油规律[J].新疆地质,2001,19(4):305-308.
[15]陈强路,王恕一,钱一雄,等.塔里木盆地阿克库勒地区下奥陶统古岩溶及油气分布[J].沉积学报,2002,20(4):633-638.
[16]毛欠儒,蒋华山,闫文新.阿克库勒凸起奥陶系控油地质特征[J].新疆石油地质,2002,23(2):102-105.
[17]闫相宾,张涛.塔河油田碳酸盐岩大型隐蔽油藏成藏机理探讨[J].地质评论,2004,50(4):370-375.
[18]林忠民.塔里木盆地塔河油田奥陶系大型油气藏形成条件[J].地质评论,2002,48(4):372-376.
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