以Burgers体模型模拟震后粘弹性松弛效应
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摘要
运用有限元数值方法、以Burgers体为粘弹介质模型模拟了震后地表形变。计算结果表明:以Burgers体为粘弹介质模型可以解释地震引起的瞬时弹性响应、呈指数衰减的短期响应与线性增加的稳态长期响应。分析认为,以Burgers体为粘弹介质模型可以解决Maxwell体和Kelvin体在模拟震后短期和长期形变时的不协调问题。
Using finite element method, and taking Burgers model for viscoelastic media the postseismic deformation is simulated.It is found that the simulated postsiesmic results with Burgers model can be used for explaining the transient elastic response, short time response and long time response. There is no uncoordinated phenomenon caused by the Maxwell and Kelvin model, as to short time and long time postseismic deformation, when we take the Burgers model as viscoelastic medium.
Using finite element method, and taking Burgers model for viscoelastic media the postseismic deformation is simulated.It is found that the simulated postsiesmic results with Burgers model can be used for explaining the transient elastic response, short time response and long time response. There is no uncoordinated phenomenon caused by the Maxwell and Kelvin model, as to short time and long time postseismic deformation, when we take the Burgers model as viscoelastic medium.
引文
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21Melosh H and Raefsky A.A simple and efficient method for introducing faults into finite element computations[J].Bull seism Soc Am,1981,135:1391-1400.
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2Pollitz F F and Sacks I S.Viscosity structure beneath north-east Iceland[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1996,101.
3Lorenzo-Mart’in F,Roth F and Wang R.Inversion for rheo-logical parameters from post-seismic surface deformation as-sociated with the1960Valdivia earthquake,Chile[J].Geo-phys.J.Int.,2006,164:75-87.
4Barrientos S E,Plafker G and Lorca E.Postseismic coastal uplift in southern Chile[J].GRL,1992,19(7):701-704.
5谭凯,等.震后形变的解析模型和时空分布特征[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2005,25(4):23～26.Tan Kai,et al.Analytic models and space-time distribution of postseismic deformation[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geody-namics,2005,25(4):23-26.(in Chinese)
6Pollitz F F,Wicks C and Thatcher W.Mantle flow beneath a continental strike-slip fault:postseismic deformation after the1999Hector Mine earthquake[J].Science,2001,293(5536):1814-1818.
7Pollitz F F.Transient rheology of the upper mantle beneath central Alaska inferred from the crustal velocity field follow-ing the2002Denali earthquake[J],J.Geophys.Res.,2005,110:1-6.
8Deng J,Gurnis M,Kanamori H,et al.Viscoelastic low in the lower crust after the1992Landers,California,earth-quake[J].Science,1998(1282):1689-1692.
9Sheu Shyh-Yang and Shieh Chiou-Fen.Viscoelastic-afterslip concurrence:a possible mechanism in the early post-seismic deformation of theMw7.6,Chi-Chi(Taiwan)earthquake[J].Geophys.J.Int.,2004,159:1112-1124.
10朱守彪,蔡永恩.利用GPS观测的时间序列资料反演地壳地幔黏性结构[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(3):771～777.
11Zhu Soubiao and Cai Yongen.Inversion of viscous proper-ties of crust and mantle from the GPS temporal series meas-urements[J].Chinese J.Geophys,2006,49(3):771-777.(in Chinese)
11Bagdassarov N and Dingwell D.Deformation of formed rhy-olites under internal and external stresses:an experimental investigation[J].Bull.Volcanol.,1993,55:147-154.
12Ranalli G.Rheology of the earth[M].2nd ed.Chapman&Hall,London.1995.
13周德培,朱本珍,毛坚强.流变力学原理及其在岩土工程中的应用[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,1995.Zhou Depei,Zhu Benzhen and Mao Jianqiang.The rheology mechanics principle and application in geotechnical engi-neering[M].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University Press,1995.(in Chinese)
14Carcione J M,Kosloff D and Kosloff R.Wave propagation simulation in a linear viscoacoustic medium[J].Geophys.J.1988,93:393-407.
15Okada Y.Surface deformations due to shear and tensile faults in a half space[J].Bull seism Soc Am,1985,75:1135-1154.
16Okada Y.Internal deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half space[J].Bull seism Soc Am,1992,82:1018-1040.
17Cummins P R,Hirano S and Kaneda Y.Refined coseismic displacement modeling for the1994Shikotan and Sanriku-oki earthquakes[J].Geophys.Res.Lett.,1998,25:3219-3222.
18Wang R,Lorenzo-Mart’in F and Roth F.Asemi-analyti-cal software PSGRN/PSCMP for calculating co-and post-seismic deformation on a layered viscoelastic-gravitational half-space[J].Computers and Geosciences,2006,32:527?541.
19Freed A and R Brgmann.Evidence of powerlaw flow in the Mojave desert mantle[J].Nature,2004,430:548-551.
20王辉,等.昆仑山口西8.1级地震影响场的三维并行有限元模拟[A].中国地球物理第二十二届年会会刊[C].成都:四川科学技术出版社,2006.Wang Hui,et al.The3D numerical simulation on coseis-mic effect of14November2001great Kunlun earthquake[A].Annual of the Chinese Geophysical Society[C].Chengdu:Sichuan Science&Technology Press,2006.
21Melosh H and Raefsky A.A simple and efficient method for introducing faults into finite element computations[J].Bull seism Soc Am,1981,135:1391-1400.
22Pollitz F F,Burgmann R and Banerjee P.Post挷seismic re-laxation following the great2004Sumatra挷-Andaman earth-quake on a compressible self-gravitating Earth[M].Geo-phys.J.Int.,2006,167:397-420.
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