湖盆萎缩期准平原沉积层序划分与砂体特征研究——以黄河口地区新近系明下段为例
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摘要
目前陆相湖盆构造活跃期沉积的层序地层研究比较成熟,而对于其萎缩期的准平原沉积的层序地层研究多处于探索阶段。以黄河口地区新近系明下段(湖盆萎缩期沉积)为例,以控制层序发育的古气候变化为线索,分析了古气候变化与湖平面变化的关系,研究了古气候变化引起的孢粉组合、藻类丰度及分异度、粘土矿物成分和含量以及测井GR值的变化特征,并以此作为层序划分的依据;在湖平面变化的基础上,通过基准面变化和A/S变化分析,将明下段层序划分为低位体系域、湖扩张体系域及高位体系域,通过地震反射特征分析对各体系域进行了横向追踪,并讨论了不同体系域砂体的展布特征及其控制因素和对油气成藏的影响。
In contrast with the more mature sequence stratigaphy on lacustrine deposits during active tectonism,it is still in an explorative period nowadays to research stratigraphic sequences of peneplain deposits during lacustrine shrinking.Lower Member of Neogene Minghuazhen Formation is a set of lacustrine shrinking deposits in the area of Yellow River mouth,and can be taken as a case of the sequence stratigaphy.Palaeoclimate changes to control sequence development may serve as leads,and the relationship between palaeoclimate changes and lacustrine level changes is analyzed.Furthermore,variations of several parameters caused by palaeoclimate changes,such as spore-pollen assemblage,algal abundance and differentiation,clay mineral composition and content,and gamma-ray logging response,are studied,which can be used as evidences to divide sequences.Based on the lacustrine level changes and by analyzing the base level and A/S changes,Lower Member of Minghuazhen Formation can be divided into a LST,a TST and a HST.These system tracts were laterally traced by analyzing the seismic signatures,and sandbody distribution,its controls and its impacts on hydrocarbon accumulation have been discussed for each system tract.
In contrast with the more mature sequence stratigaphy on lacustrine deposits during active tectonism,it is still in an explorative period nowadays to research stratigraphic sequences of peneplain deposits during lacustrine shrinking.Lower Member of Neogene Minghuazhen Formation is a set of lacustrine shrinking deposits in the area of Yellow River mouth,and can be taken as a case of the sequence stratigaphy.Palaeoclimate changes to control sequence development may serve as leads,and the relationship between palaeoclimate changes and lacustrine level changes is analyzed.Furthermore,variations of several parameters caused by palaeoclimate changes,such as spore-pollen assemblage,algal abundance and differentiation,clay mineral composition and content,and gamma-ray logging response,are studied,which can be used as evidences to divide sequences.Based on the lacustrine level changes and by analyzing the base level and A/S changes,Lower Member of Minghuazhen Formation can be divided into a LST,a TST and a HST.These system tracts were laterally traced by analyzing the seismic signatures,and sandbody distribution,its controls and its impacts on hydrocarbon accumulation have been discussed for each system tract.
引文
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[2]姚光庆,马正,赵彦超,等.浅水三角洲分流河道砂体储层特征[J].石油学报,1995,16(1):24-31.
[3]楼章华,蔡希源.地形、气候与湖面波动对浅水三角洲沉积环境的控制作用[J].地质学报,1999,73(1):83-92.
[4]邓宏文,吴海波,王宁,等.河流相层序地层划分方法———以松辽盆地下白垩统扶余油层为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(5):621-627.
[5]邓宏文,王红亮,李小孟.高分辨率层序地层对比在河流相中的应用[J].石油与天然气地质,1997,18(2):90-95.
[6]邓宏文,王红亮,阎伟鹏,等.河流相层序地层构成模式探讨[J].沉积学报,2004,22(3):373-379.
[7]赖维成,滕玉波,加东辉,等.对渤海海域隐蔽油气藏勘探的思考———以427构造带为例[J].中国海上油气,2007,19(2):73-78.
[8]李玉成,王苏民,黄耀生.气候环境变化的湖泊沉积学响应[J].地球科学进展,1999,14(4):412-416.
[9]关学婷,范慧萍,宋之琛,等.渤海海域晚新生代孢粉学研究[M].南京:南京大学出版社,1989.
[10]隆浩,王晨华,刘勇平,等.粘土矿物在过去环境变化研究中的应用[J].盐湖研究,2007,15(2):21-24.
[11]刘占红,李思田.沉积记录中的古气候周期及其在高频层序形成中的意义[J].地质科技情报,2007,26(2):30-34.
[12]汤艳杰,贾建业,谢先德.粘土矿物的环境意义[J].地学前缘,2002,9(2):337-344.
[13]陈涛,王欢,张祖青,等.粘土矿物对古气候指示作用浅析[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2003,22(4):416-420.
[14]郭余峰,王宝春.松辽盆地三肇地区自然伽马能谱与岩性参数的关系[J].石油学报,1996,17(2):24-28.
[15]黄隆基.放射性测井原理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1986.
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