南海北部陆坡区沉积与天然气水合物成藏关系
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摘要
截止2007年底,世界上已直接或间接发现水合物的矿点共有132处。另外,许多地方见有生物及碳酸盐结壳标志。世界上取得天然气水合物样品的地区表明,其形成与分布除了需要特定的温压条件外,还与沉积条件有较为密切的关系。2007年5月,我国在南海北部海域成功钻获天然气水合物实物样品,证实了南海北部蕴藏有丰富的水合物资源。通过对南海中北部陆坡区地层的地震相和沉积相分布特征、层序地层和沉积体系的综合分析,总结其沉积层序的特征,并对该区域沉积条件与水合物聚集成藏的关系进行了探讨。
Until the end of 2007,132 gas hydrate sites have been directly found or inferred worldwide with many locations showing biological markers and carbonate mass. In the gas hydrates bearing sediments,formation and distribution of gas hydrates are mainly controlled by specified pressure and temperature,and they are also often associated with sedimentary conditions. In May 2007,gas hydrate cores were successfully recovered in the northern slope of South China Sea,conforming the existence of vast gas hydrate resources. Through the studies of distribution characteristics of seismic facies and sedimentary facies,together with data of sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary system in the sediments of central northern slope of South China Sea,we identify features of sedimentary sequences and further analyze and discuss relation between sedimentary conditions and accumulation of gas hydrate reservoirs in this region.
Until the end of 2007,132 gas hydrate sites have been directly found or inferred worldwide with many locations showing biological markers and carbonate mass. In the gas hydrates bearing sediments,formation and distribution of gas hydrates are mainly controlled by specified pressure and temperature,and they are also often associated with sedimentary conditions. In May 2007,gas hydrate cores were successfully recovered in the northern slope of South China Sea,conforming the existence of vast gas hydrate resources. Through the studies of distribution characteristics of seismic facies and sedimentary facies,together with data of sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary system in the sediments of central northern slope of South China Sea,we identify features of sedimentary sequences and further analyze and discuss relation between sedimentary conditions and accumulation of gas hydrate reservoirs in this region.
引文
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[19]Waseda Amane.Organic carbon content,bacterial methano-genesis,and accumulation processes of gas hydratesin marine sedi ments[J].Geochemical Journal,1998,32(3):143-157.
[2]金庆焕.海底矿产[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001:74-100.[JI N Qinghuan.Gas Hydrate:A New Future Energy[M].Beijing:Tsinghwa University Press,2001:74-100.]
[3]金庆焕.南海地质与油气资源[M].北京:地质出版社,1989:84-111.[JI N Qinghuan.Geology and Oil Resource in South China Sea[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1989:84-111.]
[4]黎明碧,金翔龙,初凤友,等.神狐—一统暗沙隆起中部新生代地层层序划分及沉积演化[J].沉积学报,2002,20(4):545-550.[LI Mingbi,JI N Xianglong,CHU Fengyou,et al.Se-quence division and sedi mentary evolution of Cenozoic in the Middle Shenhu-Yitong Ansha Uplift[J].Acta Sedi mentologica Sinica,2002,20(4):545-550.]
[5]邵磊,李献华,韦刚健,等.南海陆坡高速沉积体的物质来源[J].中国科学D缉,2001,31(10):828-833.[SHAO Lei,LI Xianhua,WEI Gangjian,et al.The chief provenance of high-deposition-rate sedi ment drift in the northern slope of theSouth China Sea[J].Science in China(Series D),2001,31(10):828-833.]
[6]汪品先.十五万年来的南海[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1995.[WANG Pinxian.The South China Sea Over the Past150Ka[M].Shanghai:Tongji University Press,1995.]
[7]郝诒纯,徐钰林,许仕策,等.南海珠江口盆地第三纪微体古生物及古海洋学研究[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1996:33-65.[HAO Yechun,XU Yulin,XUShice,et al.Research on Micropalaeontology and Paleoceangraphy in the Pearl River Mouth Basinin South China Sea[M].Wuhan:China Univer-sity of Geoscience Press,1996:33-65.]
[8]吴能友,蔡秋容.南海大洋钻探184航次初步成果简介[J].海洋地质,1999(4):9-52.[WU Nengyou,CAI Qiurong.Intro-duction of preli minary report of Leg184inthe South China Sea[J].Marine Geology,1999(4):9-52.]
[9]姚伯初.南海北部陆缘天然气水合物初探[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1998,18(4):11-17.[YAO Bochu.Preli minary explo-ration of gas hydrate in the northern margin of the South Chi-na Sea[J].Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,1998,18(4):11-17.]
[10]姚伯初.地球上的水合物[J].海洋地质,2000(2):9-49.[YAO Bochu.Hydrate on the earth[J].Marine Geology,2000(2):9-49.]
[11]张光学,陈邦彦.南海甲烷水合物资源研究与找矿前景[J].海洋地质,2000(3):1-9.[ZHANG Guangxue,CHEN Bangy-an.The research and prospecting of gas hydrate in the South China Sea[J].Marine Geology,2000(3):1-9.]
[12]于兴河,张志杰,苏新,等.中国南海天然气水合物沉积成藏条件初探及其分布[J].地学前缘,2004,11(1):311-315.[YU Xinghe,ZHANG Zhijie,SU Xin,et al.Pri mary discussion on accumulation conditions for sedi mentation of gas hydrate andits distribution in South China Sea[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2004,11(1):311-315.]
[13]姚伯初.南海的天然气水合物矿藏[J].热带海洋学报.2001,20(2):20-28.[YAO Bochu.The gas hydrate in the South China Sea[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2001,20(2):20-28.]
[14]Kvenvolden K A.Areviewof the geochemistry of methanein natural gas hydrate[J].Organic Geochemistry,1995,23(11-12):997-1008.
[15]Naehr T H,Rodriguez N M,Bohrmann G,et al.Mehane-drived Authigenic Carbonates Associated with Gas Hydrate Decomposition and Fluid Venting above the Blake Ridge Dia-per[C]//Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program,Scien-tific Results.2000,164:285-300.
[16]Pierre Henry,Michel Thomas,Ben Clennell.Formation of natural gas hydrates in marine sedi ments,thermodynamic calculations of stability conditions in porous sedi ments[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1999,104(10):23005-23022.
[17]Trotsyuk V Y,Nemirovskaya N A.Hydrocarbon gas hy-drate formation beneaththe sea floor[J].International Geolo-gy Review,1985,27(11):1325-1328.
[18]Tsarev V P,Nenakhov V A.Formation conditions,genetic features,and methods of developing gas and gas hydrate de-posits[J].Soviet Geology and Geophysics,1985,26(10):21-28.
[19]Waseda Amane.Organic carbon content,bacterial methano-genesis,and accumulation processes of gas hydratesin marine sedi ments[J].Geochemical Journal,1998,32(3):143-157.
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