汾渭裂谷系与造山带耦合关系及其形成机制研究
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摘要
试图运用盆山耦合等地学理论,对汾渭裂谷系进行初步的定量半定量研究。认为在区域拉张应力场作用下,汾渭裂谷系为盆山耦合形成,其形成模型为“伸展造山,断陷沉盆,后推成台”;运用盆内沉积与造山带剥蚀量互补法、地震剖面拟合法、裂变径迹法等计算方法对其进行计算的结果表明,铲式断裂一侧造山带隆升与盆地下沉呈完全镜像对称关系。同时对大同一带新生代玄武岩特征进行了分析,认为软流圈上涌是该带玄武岩喷发的根源,并通过对该区地震层析和大地电磁测深的剖析,推断汾渭裂谷系主体形成机制应为被动机制,而其北部的桑干河断陷形成机制则为主动机制。此外,对汾渭裂谷系的地热资源及地震震中分布规律等进行了探讨。
From a quantitative and semi-quantitative research on Fenwei rift valley system,we suggest that basin-mountain dichotomy of the rift valley system was formed under a regional extensional stress field. The model is that the mountain, basin, and platform were formed by extension, subsidence, and tectonic push, respectively. We have studied the relationship between basin sedimentation, orogenic denudation, modeling of a seismic section, and fission-track method, to calculate the basin-mountain dichotomy of the Fenwei rift valley system. The results show that the fault-uplift of side orogen and the subsidence of basin are a mirror-image symmetry. We have also analyzed the features of Cenozoic basalt of Datong, and point out that the upwelling asthenosphere was the source of the eruption of the basalt. We propose that the Fenwei system is a passive rift, and that of the Sangganhe fault is an initiative system. Moreover, we also discussed the geothermal resources and the epicenter distribution of Feiwei rift valley system.
From a quantitative and semi-quantitative research on Fenwei rift valley system,we suggest that basin-mountain dichotomy of the rift valley system was formed under a regional extensional stress field. The model is that the mountain, basin, and platform were formed by extension, subsidence, and tectonic push, respectively. We have studied the relationship between basin sedimentation, orogenic denudation, modeling of a seismic section, and fission-track method, to calculate the basin-mountain dichotomy of the Fenwei rift valley system. The results show that the fault-uplift of side orogen and the subsidence of basin are a mirror-image symmetry. We have also analyzed the features of Cenozoic basalt of Datong, and point out that the upwelling asthenosphere was the source of the eruption of the basalt. We propose that the Fenwei system is a passive rift, and that of the Sangganhe fault is an initiative system. Moreover, we also discussed the geothermal resources and the epicenter distribution of Feiwei rift valley system.
引文
刘国栋主编.临汾地区地壳构造及其动力学研究.国家地震局地质所,1991.
[1] MA Xingyuan.TheLithosphereGeodynamicsCompendiuminChina[M].Beijing:GeologicalPublishingHouse,1987:76(inChinese).
[2] MA Xingyuan,SU Jian.Taphrogenesis through the geolog ical history ofChina[A].Research onRecentCrustalMove ment(I)—ContinentalRifts andDeepInternalProcesses[M].Beijing:SeismologicalPress,1985:516(inChinese).
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[20] WU Chen.Changes of river system and new tectonic move ment in northChina mountainous area[J ].NorthChinaEarthquakeSciences,2001,19(4):16(inChinese).
[21] FEI Qi.A preliminary research into the plate collision, rota tion and divergence pattern ofChina and its periphery sinceMesozoic[J].EarthScience,1987,12(5):463475(inChi nese).
[22] ZHANG Jian,SHI Yaolin.Thermodynamics mechanism ofthe marginal extensional belt ofEastAsia[J].Geotectonic etMetallogenia,2003,27(3):222227(inChinese).
[23] WAN Tianfeng.TheTectonicsCompendium inChina[M].Beijing:GeologicalPublishingHouse,2004:387( inChi nese).
[24] AN Meijian,LI Fangquan.Present structure stress field ofShanxi rift valley system[J].ActaSeismologicaSina,1998,20(5):461465(inChinese).
[25] YANG Guohua,HAN Yueping,ZHOU Xiaoyan.New fea tures ofCrustal motion inNorthChina[J].Journal ofGeod esy andGeodynamics,2002,22(3):2833(inChinese).
[26] WANG Xiuwen,GUO Yuehong,FAN Xuefang.Analysis ofrecent vertical deformation inShanxi area[J].CrustalDe form andEarthquake,2001,1(2):6469(inChinese).
[27] LIU Futian,QU Kexin,WU Hua, et al.ST image ofNorthChina[J]Journal ofGeophys,1986,5:442(inChinese).
[28] HE Yongnian,LIN Chuanyong,SHI Lanbin.The rheologi cal features of mantle derived xenoliths:Evidence for the riftnature ofNorthChina region[A].Research onRecentCrus talMovement(I)—ContinentalRifts andDeepInternalProcesses[M].Beijing:SeismologicalPress,1985:4149(inChinese).
[29] LIU Ruoxin,MA Baolin.The sequence of rocks and physicalproperties in uppermost mantle beneathNorthChina[A].Proceeding ofChinaUpperMantleFeatures andItsDy namic[C].Beijing:SeismologicalPress,1990:17( inChi nese).
[30] CHEN Xiaode,LIN Chuanyong,ZHANG Xiao ou, et al.Deformation features of mantle xenoliths fromQuarter narybasalts inDatong,ShanxiProvince and their rheological im plication[J].Seismology andGeology,1997,19(4):313319(inChinese).
[31] LIN Chuanyong,SHI Lanbin,CHEN Xiaode, et al.Deform ation features of mantle xenoliths from paleogene basalts inEasternChina and their implication of upper mantle rheology[J].ActaPetrologica etMineralogica,1995,14(4):302312(inChinese).
[32] ZHANG Shuliang,LI Dongmei,MA ZhaohuiThe influenceof hydrothermal body on strong earthquake activity along theShanxi seismic belt[J]Earthquake,2002,22(1):8490(inChinese)
[33] ZHAO Yonggui,WANG Sijing,LIU Jianhua, et al.Struc ture characteristics of crust and lower lithosphere inDabieorogen[A].Geotectonic andResource[M]Beijing:OceanPress,1993:3240(inChinese)
[34] WANG Jiyang.Compilation of theChinese continental geo thermal value data[J].Seismology andGeology,1990,12(4):351(inChinese).
[35] XING Jishan,LIU Jianhua,ZHAO Jinquan.Deep seatedtectonics in theNorth intraplate[J].EarthquakeResearch inShanxi,2002,111(4):312(inChinese).
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[2] 马杏垣,宿俭中国地质历史过程中的裂陷作用[A].现代地壳运动研究(I)———大陆裂谷与深部过程[M]北京:地震出版社,1985:516.
[3] 邢集善,姚典群,黎明,等试从地球物理资料论山西地堑系的构造特征[J]山西地质,1989,4(2):95109
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[10] 刘和甫盆地山岭耦合体系与地球动力学机制[J]地球科学,2001,26(6):581596.
[11] 钟大赉,丁林,季建清,等中国西部新生代岩石圈汇聚和东部岩石圈离散的耦合关系与古环境格局演变的探讨[J]第四纪研究,2001,21(4):302312.
[14] 尚岳全,黎克武,徐进渭河断陷盆地形成过程中的力学问题[J]中国地质灾害与防治学报,1994,5(2):6570
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[1] MA Xingyuan.TheLithosphereGeodynamicsCompendiuminChina[M].Beijing:GeologicalPublishingHouse,1987:76(inChinese).
[2] MA Xingyuan,SU Jian.Taphrogenesis through the geolog ical history ofChina[A].Research onRecentCrustalMove ment(I)—ContinentalRifts andDeepInternalProcesses[M].Beijing:SeismologicalPress,1985:516(inChinese).
[3] XING Jishan,YAO Dianqun,LI Ming, et al.The structurefeatures ofShanxi rift valley resulted from geophysical data[J].ShanxiGeology,1989,14(2):95109(inChinese).
[4] XING Jishan,YE Zhiguang,SUN Zhenguo, et al.Shanxi in nerplate structure and its evolvement[J].ShanxiGeology,1991,6(1):315(inChinese).
[5] YANG Weiran,SUN Jiyuan,JI Kecheng, et al.ComparisonofContinentalRiftValley[M].Wuhan:ChinaUniversityofGeosciencesPress,1996(inChinese).
[6] WERNICKE B.Low angle normal faults in theBasin andRange province:Nappe tectonics in an extending oregon[J].Nature,1981,291:65648.
[7] WERNICKE B,BURCHFIEL B.Models of extensional tec tonics[J].JournalStructural ofGeology,1982,4:105115.
[8] WERNICKE B.Uniform sense normal simple shear of thethe continental lithosphere[J].CanJ EarthSci,1985,22:108125.
[9] LIU Hefu,LIANG Huishe,LI Xiaoqing, et al.The couplingmechanisms ofMesozoic cenozoic rift basins and extensionalmountain system inEasternChina[J].EarthScienceFron tiers,2000,7(4):477486(inChinese).
[10] LIU Hefu.Geodynamic scenario of coupled basin and moun tain system[J].EarthScience—Journal ofChinaUniversityofGeosciences,2001,26(6):581596(inChinese).
[11] ZHONG Dalai,DING Lin,JI Jianqing, et al.Coupling of thelithosphere convergence ofWestChina and dispersion ofEastChina inCenozoic:Link with paleoenvironmental changes[J].QuaternarySciences,2001,21(4):302312( inChi nese).
[12] MCKENZIE D P.Some remarks on the development of sedi mentary basins[J].Earth andPlanetarySciLett,1978,40:2532
[13] ROYDEN L.A simple method for analyzing subsidence andheat flow in extensional basins[A].BURRUS JeanTher malModeling inSedimentaryBasins[M].Paris:Technip,1986:4973
[14] SHANG Yuequan,LI Kewu,XU Jin.Problems of mechanicsonWeihe fault basin[J].TheChineseJournal ofGeologicalHazard andControl,1994,5(2):6570.
[15] GREEN P F,DUDDY I K,GLEADOW A J W, et al.Ther mal annealing of fission tracks in apatite,1, a qualitative de scription[J].ChemGeol,1986,59:237253
[16] WAN Jinglin,LI Qi,WANG Yu.The fission track evidenceofHuashan batholith uplifting inMesozoicCenozoic[J ].Seismology andGeology,2000,22(1):5358(inChinese)
[17] YIN Gongming,LU Yanzhou,ZHAO Hua, et al.The tec tonic uplift of theHuaShan in theCenozoic[J].ChineseBul letin,2001,46(13):11211123(inChinese).
[18] LIU Hujun.Tectonic uplift of theCenozoic era in theQinlingrange[J].Journal ofShanxiNormalUniversity,2002,30(1):121124(inChinese).
[19] TENG Zhihong,WANG Xiaohong.Studies of tectonic upliftat theCenozoic era and the regionally environmental effects intheQinling orogenic belt[J].Geology ofShanxi,1996,14(2):3342(inChinese).
[20] WU Chen.Changes of river system and new tectonic move ment in northChina mountainous area[J ].NorthChinaEarthquakeSciences,2001,19(4):16(inChinese).
[21] FEI Qi.A preliminary research into the plate collision, rota tion and divergence pattern ofChina and its periphery sinceMesozoic[J].EarthScience,1987,12(5):463475(inChi nese).
[22] ZHANG Jian,SHI Yaolin.Thermodynamics mechanism ofthe marginal extensional belt ofEastAsia[J].Geotectonic etMetallogenia,2003,27(3):222227(inChinese).
[23] WAN Tianfeng.TheTectonicsCompendium inChina[M].Beijing:GeologicalPublishingHouse,2004:387( inChi nese).
[24] AN Meijian,LI Fangquan.Present structure stress field ofShanxi rift valley system[J].ActaSeismologicaSina,1998,20(5):461465(inChinese).
[25] YANG Guohua,HAN Yueping,ZHOU Xiaoyan.New fea tures ofCrustal motion inNorthChina[J].Journal ofGeod esy andGeodynamics,2002,22(3):2833(inChinese).
[26] WANG Xiuwen,GUO Yuehong,FAN Xuefang.Analysis ofrecent vertical deformation inShanxi area[J].CrustalDe form andEarthquake,2001,1(2):6469(inChinese).
[27] LIU Futian,QU Kexin,WU Hua, et al.ST image ofNorthChina[J]Journal ofGeophys,1986,5:442(inChinese).
[28] HE Yongnian,LIN Chuanyong,SHI Lanbin.The rheologi cal features of mantle derived xenoliths:Evidence for the riftnature ofNorthChina region[A].Research onRecentCrus talMovement(I)—ContinentalRifts andDeepInternalProcesses[M].Beijing:SeismologicalPress,1985:4149(inChinese).
[29] LIU Ruoxin,MA Baolin.The sequence of rocks and physicalproperties in uppermost mantle beneathNorthChina[A].Proceeding ofChinaUpperMantleFeatures andItsDy namic[C].Beijing:SeismologicalPress,1990:17( inChi nese).
[30] CHEN Xiaode,LIN Chuanyong,ZHANG Xiao ou, et al.Deformation features of mantle xenoliths fromQuarter narybasalts inDatong,ShanxiProvince and their rheological im plication[J].Seismology andGeology,1997,19(4):313319(inChinese).
[31] LIN Chuanyong,SHI Lanbin,CHEN Xiaode, et al.Deform ation features of mantle xenoliths from paleogene basalts inEasternChina and their implication of upper mantle rheology[J].ActaPetrologica etMineralogica,1995,14(4):302312(inChinese).
[32] ZHANG Shuliang,LI Dongmei,MA ZhaohuiThe influenceof hydrothermal body on strong earthquake activity along theShanxi seismic belt[J]Earthquake,2002,22(1):8490(inChinese)
[33] ZHAO Yonggui,WANG Sijing,LIU Jianhua, et al.Struc ture characteristics of crust and lower lithosphere inDabieorogen[A].Geotectonic andResource[M]Beijing:OceanPress,1993:3240(inChinese)
[34] WANG Jiyang.Compilation of theChinese continental geo thermal value data[J].Seismology andGeology,1990,12(4):351(inChinese).
[35] XING Jishan,LIU Jianhua,ZHAO Jinquan.Deep seatedtectonics in theNorth intraplate[J].EarthquakeResearch inShanxi,2002,111(4):312(inChinese).
[1] 马杏垣.中国岩石圈动力学纲要[M]北京:地质出版社,1987:76.
[2] 马杏垣,宿俭中国地质历史过程中的裂陷作用[A].现代地壳运动研究(I)———大陆裂谷与深部过程[M]北京:地震出版社,1985:516.
[3] 邢集善,姚典群,黎明,等试从地球物理资料论山西地堑系的构造特征[J]山西地质,1989,4(2):95109
[4] 邢集善,叶志光,孙振国,等山西板内构造及其演化特征初探[J]山西地质,1991,6(1):315
[5] 杨巍然,孙继源,纪克诚,等大陆裂谷对比[M]武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1996.
[9] 刘和甫,梁慧社,李晓清,等中国东部中新生代裂陷盆地与伸展山岭耦合机制[J]地学前缘,2000,7(4):477486.
[10] 刘和甫盆地山岭耦合体系与地球动力学机制[J]地球科学,2001,26(6):581596.
[11] 钟大赉,丁林,季建清,等中国西部新生代岩石圈汇聚和东部岩石圈离散的耦合关系与古环境格局演变的探讨[J]第四纪研究,2001,21(4):302312.
[14] 尚岳全,黎克武,徐进渭河断陷盆地形成过程中的力学问题[J]中国地质灾害与防治学报,1994,5(2):6570
[16] 万景林,李齐,王瑜.华山岩体中、新生代抬升的裂变径迹证明[J]地震地质,2000,22(1):5358.
[17] 尹功明,卢演俦,赵华,等.华山新生代构造抬升[J].科学通报,2001,46(13):11211123.
[18] 刘护军.秦岭新生代构造隆升研究[J]陕西师大学报(自然科学),2002,30(1):121124.
[19] 藤志宏,王晓红.秦岭造山带新生代构造隆升与区域环境效应研究[J]陕西地质,1996,14(2):3342.
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