克希霍夫法VSP多波联合成像
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摘要
VSP转换波跟VSP纵波或常规地面转换波相比,具有较高的分辨率和信噪比,但传统的VSP成像方法只利用了反射P波信息,而把转换波(反射S波、透射S波)以及透射P波当作影响成像质量的噪音.本文给出了一种VSP共炮点道集多分量地震资料克希霍夫法偏移成像的方法.本方法充分利用了多波(反射P波、反射S波、透射P波、透射S波)信息,根据转换点处四种波同时起跳,能量叠加最大的原理,从接收点分别用向绕射点延拓它们的能量,并将其叠加起来,求得的和最大的一点即反射点.通过模型试算和实际资料处理表明,此法成像精度高,信噪比高,且有利于改善剖面的频率特性.
VSP converted PS waves have higher resolution and S/N ratio than both VSP P wave and converted waves in surface seism,but almost all of the known method of VSP image use only reflected P wave,and treat the converted waves(reflected P-S wave and transmited P-S wave) and transmited P-P wave as noise resulting in poorer migrated images.This article shows a Kirchhoff image method for common-source point gather of multi-component VSP data.This method sufficiently makes use of multiwave(reflected P-P and P-S wave,transmited P-P and P-S wave) information.On the basis of the principle that the stack of the energy of the four waves should be the largest at the reflection point,when we make the backward continuation of the four waves'energy from the geophones toward the image point,and add them together,the point that the sum of the energy is the largest is the reflecting point.Modeling and field data imaging results show that the method is accurate and can improve the S/N ratio and frequency character of seismic section.
VSP converted PS waves have higher resolution and S/N ratio than both VSP P wave and converted waves in surface seism,but almost all of the known method of VSP image use only reflected P wave,and treat the converted waves(reflected P-S wave and transmited P-S wave) and transmited P-P wave as noise resulting in poorer migrated images.This article shows a Kirchhoff image method for common-source point gather of multi-component VSP data.This method sufficiently makes use of multiwave(reflected P-P and P-S wave,transmited P-P and P-S wave) information.On the basis of the principle that the stack of the energy of the four waves should be the largest at the reflection point,when we make the backward continuation of the four waves'energy from the geophones toward the image point,and add them together,the point that the sum of the energy is the largest is the reflecting point.Modeling and field data imaging results show that the method is accurate and can improve the S/N ratio and frequency character of seismic section.
引文
[1]朱光明.垂直地震剖面[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1988.
[2]贺振华等.反射地震资料的偏移处理与反演方法[M].重庆大学出版社,1989.
[3]Cassell B R,Alam M A,Millahn K O.Interactive VSP-CDPmapping in complex media[A].In:54th Ann Internat Mtg,Soc Explor Geophs,Expanded Abstracts,1984:842~845.
[4]Clayton R W,Yedlin M J.F-K migration for multi-offset ver-tical seismic profile[J].Stanford exploration project report,1980,24:93~102.
[5]张卜,李幼铭,刘洪.几类叠前深度偏移方法的研究现状[J].地球物理学进展,2000,15(2):30~39.
[6]程玖兵,王华忠,马在田.频率-空间域有限差分法叠前深度偏移[J].地球物理学报,2001,44(3):389~394.
[7]Keho T H.Kirchhoff migration for vertical seismic profiles[A].In:54th Ann.Internat.Mtg[C].Geophys Expanded Ab-stracts:694~696.
[8]杨长春,刘兴材,等.地震叠前深度偏移方法流程及应用[J].地球物理学报,1996,39(3):409~414.
[9]Winggings J W,Levander A R.Migration of multiple offsetsynthetic VSP data in complex structure[J].Advance in geo-physical data processing,1984,1:269~288.
[10]Winggings J W.Kirchhoff integral extrapolation and migra-tion of nonplanar data[J].Geophysics,49:1239~1248.
[11]Winggings J W,Ng P,Manzur A.The relation between theVSP-CDP transformation and VSP migration[A].In:56thAnn.Internat.Mtg[C].Geophys,Expanded Abstracts:565~568.
[12]Dillon P B,Thomson R C.Offset source VSP surveys andtheir image reconstruction[J].Geophysical prospecting,1984,32(5):790~811.
[13]Dillon P B.Vertical seismic profile migration using the Kirch-hoff integral[J].Geophysics,1988,53(6):786~799.
[14]Chang W F,McMechan G A.Reverse-time migration of off-set VSP data using the excitation-time imaging condition[J].Geophysics,1986,51(1):67~84.
[15]Kohler K,Koenig M.Reconstruction of reflecting structuresfrom vertical seismic profiles with a moving source[J].Geo-physics,1986,51(10):1923~1938
[16]Cook K L,Algermissen S T,Costain J K.The status of PSconverted waves in crustal studies[J].J G R,1962,67:12
[17]邵学钟,张家茹,杨小峰,张晓虎,等.利用地震转换波探测地壳、上地幔构造试验[J].地球物理学报,1978,21(1):89~100.
[18]李录明,罗省贤.P-P波及P-SV波叠前深度偏移速度模型建立方法[J].地球物理学报,1998,41(增刊):305~317.
[19]印兴耀,刘洪,李幼铭.地震波场的共偏移距延拓研究[J].地球物理学报,1999,42(2):249~256.
[20]耿建华,马在田,王华忠.波动方程有限差分法叠前深度偏移[J].地球物理学报,1998,41(3):392~398.
[21]张文生,张关泉,宋海斌.高精度混合法叠前深度偏移及其并行实现[J].地球物理学报,2001,44(4):542~550.
[22]刘喜武,刘洪.波动方程地震偏移成像方法的现状与进展[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(4):582~590.
[23]Roninson E A著.地球物理数据偏移[M].汪贤驯等译.北京:石油工业出版社,1985.
[24]秦政,石油地球物理勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996
[25]王守东,吴律.井间地震资料波动方程反演成像[J].石油地球物理勘探,1996,31(5):624~632.
[26]Bashbourne J K.Cross well seismic imaging in three dimen-sions[A].In 68th Ann.Int.SEG.Mtg.1998.09.13:NewOrleans:334~337.
[27]Kuo J T,Dai Ting-fan.Kirchhoff elastic wave migration forthe case of noncoincident source and receiver[J].Geophys-ics,1984,49(8):1223~1238.
[28]Bicquart P.Application of Kirchhoff depth migration to 3D-VSP:BH 4.8[A].In 68th.Ann Int.SEG Mtg:1998.09.13:New Orleans:389~392.
[29]Claerbout J F.Towards a unified theory of reflector mapping[J].Geophysics,1971,36:467~481.
[30]黄新武,吴律,田子奇.约束加权克希霍夫法VSP反射成像[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(2):222~229.
[31]Lizarralde D.Smooth inversion of VSP traveltime data[J].Geophysics,1999,64(3):659~661.
[32]Cerveny V,Molotkov I A,Psencik I著.,刘福田等译.地震学中的射线方法[M].北京:地质出版社,1986.
[2]贺振华等.反射地震资料的偏移处理与反演方法[M].重庆大学出版社,1989.
[3]Cassell B R,Alam M A,Millahn K O.Interactive VSP-CDPmapping in complex media[A].In:54th Ann Internat Mtg,Soc Explor Geophs,Expanded Abstracts,1984:842~845.
[4]Clayton R W,Yedlin M J.F-K migration for multi-offset ver-tical seismic profile[J].Stanford exploration project report,1980,24:93~102.
[5]张卜,李幼铭,刘洪.几类叠前深度偏移方法的研究现状[J].地球物理学进展,2000,15(2):30~39.
[6]程玖兵,王华忠,马在田.频率-空间域有限差分法叠前深度偏移[J].地球物理学报,2001,44(3):389~394.
[7]Keho T H.Kirchhoff migration for vertical seismic profiles[A].In:54th Ann.Internat.Mtg[C].Geophys Expanded Ab-stracts:694~696.
[8]杨长春,刘兴材,等.地震叠前深度偏移方法流程及应用[J].地球物理学报,1996,39(3):409~414.
[9]Winggings J W,Levander A R.Migration of multiple offsetsynthetic VSP data in complex structure[J].Advance in geo-physical data processing,1984,1:269~288.
[10]Winggings J W.Kirchhoff integral extrapolation and migra-tion of nonplanar data[J].Geophysics,49:1239~1248.
[11]Winggings J W,Ng P,Manzur A.The relation between theVSP-CDP transformation and VSP migration[A].In:56thAnn.Internat.Mtg[C].Geophys,Expanded Abstracts:565~568.
[12]Dillon P B,Thomson R C.Offset source VSP surveys andtheir image reconstruction[J].Geophysical prospecting,1984,32(5):790~811.
[13]Dillon P B.Vertical seismic profile migration using the Kirch-hoff integral[J].Geophysics,1988,53(6):786~799.
[14]Chang W F,McMechan G A.Reverse-time migration of off-set VSP data using the excitation-time imaging condition[J].Geophysics,1986,51(1):67~84.
[15]Kohler K,Koenig M.Reconstruction of reflecting structuresfrom vertical seismic profiles with a moving source[J].Geo-physics,1986,51(10):1923~1938
[16]Cook K L,Algermissen S T,Costain J K.The status of PSconverted waves in crustal studies[J].J G R,1962,67:12
[17]邵学钟,张家茹,杨小峰,张晓虎,等.利用地震转换波探测地壳、上地幔构造试验[J].地球物理学报,1978,21(1):89~100.
[18]李录明,罗省贤.P-P波及P-SV波叠前深度偏移速度模型建立方法[J].地球物理学报,1998,41(增刊):305~317.
[19]印兴耀,刘洪,李幼铭.地震波场的共偏移距延拓研究[J].地球物理学报,1999,42(2):249~256.
[20]耿建华,马在田,王华忠.波动方程有限差分法叠前深度偏移[J].地球物理学报,1998,41(3):392~398.
[21]张文生,张关泉,宋海斌.高精度混合法叠前深度偏移及其并行实现[J].地球物理学报,2001,44(4):542~550.
[22]刘喜武,刘洪.波动方程地震偏移成像方法的现状与进展[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(4):582~590.
[23]Roninson E A著.地球物理数据偏移[M].汪贤驯等译.北京:石油工业出版社,1985.
[24]秦政,石油地球物理勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996
[25]王守东,吴律.井间地震资料波动方程反演成像[J].石油地球物理勘探,1996,31(5):624~632.
[26]Bashbourne J K.Cross well seismic imaging in three dimen-sions[A].In 68th Ann.Int.SEG.Mtg.1998.09.13:NewOrleans:334~337.
[27]Kuo J T,Dai Ting-fan.Kirchhoff elastic wave migration forthe case of noncoincident source and receiver[J].Geophys-ics,1984,49(8):1223~1238.
[28]Bicquart P.Application of Kirchhoff depth migration to 3D-VSP:BH 4.8[A].In 68th.Ann Int.SEG Mtg:1998.09.13:New Orleans:389~392.
[29]Claerbout J F.Towards a unified theory of reflector mapping[J].Geophysics,1971,36:467~481.
[30]黄新武,吴律,田子奇.约束加权克希霍夫法VSP反射成像[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(2):222~229.
[31]Lizarralde D.Smooth inversion of VSP traveltime data[J].Geophysics,1999,64(3):659~661.
[32]Cerveny V,Molotkov I A,Psencik I著.,刘福田等译.地震学中的射线方法[M].北京:地质出版社,1986.
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