大陆岩石圈流变研究进展与高温高压流变实验现状
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摘要
大陆岩石圈类似于"三明治"的多层流变结构已经被广泛接受,并用于大陆动力学研究的各方面.然而近年来地震资料和高温高压流变实验结果表明,大陆岩石圈流变可能不是单一模式,流变结构具有多样性,而下地壳流变特性是其中最复杂的层次,这不仅受下地壳成分和结构本身的非均匀控制,而且与其含水程度相关.高温高压流变实验已经积累了大量的数据,但基性岩流变实验目前仍然处于数据积累阶段,缺乏系统性,特别是缺少含水基性岩的流变实验结果,因此,加强干的和含水的基性岩流变实验研究是深入认识下地壳岩石流变必不可少的手段和方法之一.
The multi\|layer rheology of continental lithosphere which is like a jelly sandwich has been widely accepted, and the rheological model has been used to discuss many science topic of continental geodynamics. However, a recent reassessment of the earthquake focal depth distribution of on continents and the experimental data of rock rheology make it is difficult to maintain the single pattern, but it exists variety rheological structure in different continents, especially rheology of lower crust where is the most complex layer, which is not only controlled by non\|uniformity of component and structure, but also effect by water in lower crust. Although a large number of experimental data about rock rheology at high temperature and high pressure have been obtained, rheological experiments of lower crustal rocks are still lack systematic, especially the rheological data of wet rocks are sparse. So it is most important to deep understand the rheology of lower crust for performing the rheological experiments of lower crustal rocks, including both dry and wet samples.
The multi\|layer rheology of continental lithosphere which is like a jelly sandwich has been widely accepted, and the rheological model has been used to discuss many science topic of continental geodynamics. However, a recent reassessment of the earthquake focal depth distribution of on continents and the experimental data of rock rheology make it is difficult to maintain the single pattern, but it exists variety rheological structure in different continents, especially rheology of lower crust where is the most complex layer, which is not only controlled by non\|uniformity of component and structure, but also effect by water in lower crust. Although a large number of experimental data about rock rheology at high temperature and high pressure have been obtained, rheological experiments of lower crustal rocks are still lack systematic, especially the rheological data of wet rocks are sparse. So it is most important to deep understand the rheology of lower crust for performing the rheological experiments of lower crustal rocks, including both dry and wet samples.
引文
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[28] ChristensenNI,MooneyWD.Seismicvelocitystructureandcompositionofthecontinentalcrust:Aglobalview[J].JGeophyRes,1995,100(B7):9761～9788.
[29] RudnickRL,FountainDM.Natureandcompositionofthecontinentalcrust:Alowercrustalperspective[J].RevGeophys,1995,33:267～309.
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[31] BystrickyM,MackwellS.Creepofclinopyroxeneaggregates[J].JGeophysRes,2001,106(B7),13443～13454.
[32] MackwellSJ,ZimmermanME,KohlstedtDL.High temperaturedeformationofdrydiabasewithapplicationtotectonicsonVenus[J].JGeophysRes,1998,103:975～984.
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[34] 樊
[2] KirbySH.Stateofstressinthelithosphere:inferencesfromtheflowlawsofolivine[J].PureappliGeophys,1977,115:245～258.
[3] KirbySH.Tectonicstressesinthelithosphere:constraintsprovidedbytheexperimentaldeformationofrocks[J].JGeophysRes,1980,85:6353～6363.
[4] KirbySH.Rheologyofthelithosphere[J].RevGeophysSpacePhys,1983,21:1458～1487.
[5] GoetzeC,EvansB.Stressandtemperatureinthebendinglithosphereasconstrainedbyexperimentalrockmechanics[J].GeohpysJRAstronSoc,1979,59,463～478.
[6] BraceWF,KohlstedtDL.Limitsonlithosphericstressimposedbylaboratoryexperiments[J].JGeophysRes,1980,85,6438～6252
[7] KohlstedtDL,EvansB,MackwellSJ.Strengthofthelithosphere:Constraintsimposedbylaboratoryexperiments[J].JGeophysRes,1995,100:17587～17602.
[8] CarterNL,TsennMC.Flowproperiesofcontinentallithosphere[J].Tectonophysics,1987,136:27～63.
[9] TsennMC,CarterNL.Upperlimitsofpowerlawcreepofrocks[J].Tectonophysics,1987,136:1～26.
[10] RanalliG,MurphyDC.Rheologicalstratificationofthelithosphere[J].Tectonophysics,1987,132:281～295.
[11] 汪洋,中国大陆大地热流分析[D].中国科学院地质研究所博士学位论文,北京,1999.
[12] JacksonJ.Strengthofthecontinentallithosphere:timetoabandonthejellysandwich[D].GSAToday,2002.
[13] 臧绍先,李昶,宁杰远,等.华北岩石圈三维流变结构的一种初步模型[J].中国科学(D),2002,32(7):588～597
[14] 石耀霖.朱守彪.中国大陆震源机制深度变化反映的地壳 地幔流变特征[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(3):359～365.
[15] SibsonRH.Faultzonemodels,heatflow,andthedepthdistributionofearthquakesinthecontinentalcrustoftheUnitedStates[J].BullSeismolSocAm,1982,72:151～163.
[16] ChenI W,PMolnar.Focaldepthsofintracontinentalandintraplateearthquakesandtheirimplicationsforthethermalandmechanicalpropertiesoflithosphere[J].JGeophysRes,1983,88,4183～4214.
[17] BokelmannGHR,BerozaGC.Depth dependentearthquakefocalmechanismorientation:Evidenceforaweakzoneinthelowercrust[J].JGeophyRes,2000,105(B9):21683～21695.
[18] 周永胜,何昌荣.华北地区壳内低速层与地壳流变的关系及其对强震孕育的影响[J].地震地质,2002,24(1):124～130.
[19] 周永胜,何昌荣.地壳主要岩石流变参数及华北地壳流变性质研究[J].地震地质,2003,25(1),109～122.
[20] IioandKobayashi.Istheplasticflowuniformlydistributedbelowtheseismogenicregion[J].Tectonophysics,2003,364:45～53.
[21] MeissnerR.Faultsandfolds,factandfiction.Tectonophysics,1996,264:279～293.
[22] MeissnerR,MooneyW.Weaknessofthelowercontinentalcrust:aconditionfordelamination,uplift,andescape[J].Tectonophysics,1998,296:47～60.
[23] SmithRB,BruhnRL.IntraplateextensionaltectonicsoftheeasternBasin Range:Inferencesonstructuralstylefromseismicreflectiondata,regionaltectonics,andthermal mechanicalmodelsofbrittle ductiledeformation[J].JGeophyRes,1984,89(B7):5733～5762
[24] FurlongKP.1993.Thermal rheologicevolutionoftheuppermantleandthedevelopmentoftheSanAndreasfaultsystem[J].Tectonophysics,223:149～164.
[25] MaggiA,JacksonJ,etal.Are assessmentoffocaldepthdistributionsinsouthernIran,theTienShanandnorthernIndia:doearthquakesreallyoccurinthecontinentalmantle[J].GeophysicsJournalinternational,2000a,143,629～661.
[26] MaggiA,JacksonJ,etal.Earthquakefocaldepths,effectiveelasticthickness,andthestrengthofthecontinentallithosphere[J].Geology,2000b,28(6):495～498.
[27] 何昌荣,周永胜,桑祖南.四川攀枝花辉长岩半脆性 塑性流变的实验研究[J].中国科学(D辑),2002,32(9):717～726.
[28] ChristensenNI,MooneyWD.Seismicvelocitystructureandcompositionofthecontinentalcrust:Aglobalview[J].JGeophyRes,1995,100(B7):9761～9788.
[29] RudnickRL,FountainDM.Natureandcompositionofthecontinentalcrust:Alowercrustalperspective[J].RevGeophys,1995,33:267～309.
[30] WedepohlKH.Thecompositionofthecontinentalcrust[J].GeochimCosmochimActa,1995,59:1217～1232.
[31] BystrickyM,MackwellS.Creepofclinopyroxeneaggregates[J].JGeophysRes,2001,106(B7),13443～13454.
[32] MackwellSJ,ZimmermanME,KohlstedtDL.High temperaturedeformationofdrydiabasewithapplicationtotectonicsonVenus[J].JGeophysRes,1998,103:975～984.
[33] 高山,骆庭川,张本仁,等.中国东部地壳的结构和组成[J].中国科学(D辑),1999,29(3):203～213.
[34] 樊
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