应变能积累在地震安全性评价中的应用探讨
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摘要
理论及实验研究显示,震源区的位置和最大震级不仅可能与构造和历史有关,更重要的是与应力状态包括其方向、大小、增加速率、集中位置等以及岩体自身性质,包括其强度、杨氏模量、应变大小及增长速率、裂缝(断层)大小和数量等有关,同时与作用方式有关.综合考虑各种因素,探讨了利用应变能积累确定强震位置和震级的方法:首先对利用形变空间特征变化判断强震震源区位置的方法进行了讨论;接着着重提出估算应变能的初步方法:一是由地表裂缝最大错距和裂缝(断层)长度比估算地震释放能量;二是由新构造运动分区块体体积、年平均应变速率及杨氏模量估算块体应变能积累;进而依据能量估算地震震级;最后以实例论述了应变能积累过程及特点对地震安全性评价的重要作用.
Theoretical and experimental studies show that the largest earthquake magnitude and source location in a potential source region are related not only to the structure and history,but also more significantly to the stress state,including direction,level,increasing rate and concentration location,and to the property of a rock body,including strength,Young’s modulus,strain degree,growth rate,size and number of fissures (faults),as well as to the action pattern. By comprehensive consideration of all these factors,this paper focuses on discussing the methods used to determine the magnitude and location of a strong earthquake based on strain energy accumulation. Firstly,we elaborate on a method which can be used to determine a source region by variation in spatial characteristics of deformation. Then a preliminary method for estimating strain energy is presented. Specifically,energy release of an earthquake is estimated by the ratio of maximum dislocation to the length of surface fissure (fault),and strain energy accumulation is estimated based on the block volume of neotectonic movement,annual mean strain rate and Young’s modulus. Thus,earthquake magnitude in a potential source region is determined on the basis of energy. Examples are used to discuss the important role of strain energy accumulation process and its characteristics in seismic safety evaluation.
Theoretical and experimental studies show that the largest earthquake magnitude and source location in a potential source region are related not only to the structure and history,but also more significantly to the stress state,including direction,level,increasing rate and concentration location,and to the property of a rock body,including strength,Young’s modulus,strain degree,growth rate,size and number of fissures (faults),as well as to the action pattern. By comprehensive consideration of all these factors,this paper focuses on discussing the methods used to determine the magnitude and location of a strong earthquake based on strain energy accumulation. Firstly,we elaborate on a method which can be used to determine a source region by variation in spatial characteristics of deformation. Then a preliminary method for estimating strain energy is presented. Specifically,energy release of an earthquake is estimated by the ratio of maximum dislocation to the length of surface fissure (fault),and strain energy accumulation is estimated based on the block volume of neotectonic movement,annual mean strain rate and Young’s modulus. Thus,earthquake magnitude in a potential source region is determined on the basis of energy. Examples are used to discuss the important role of strain energy accumulation process and its characteristics in seismic safety evaluation.
引文
陈顺云,许昭永,杨润海,赵晋明,王赟赟,熊秉衡,王正荣.2004.一种确定压剪全息干涉条纹级数的理论与实验研究[J].固体力学学报,25(3):325-329.
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李延兴,胡新康,帅平,郭良迁,李智,张中伏.2002.强震发生的应变场特征[J].地震研究,25(增刊A):57-64.
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王椿镛,王溪莉,颜其中.1994.昆明地震台网下方的三维速度结构[J].地震学报,16(2):167-175.
王敏,杨国华,李延兴,韩月萍,周晓燕.2002.云南地区当前水平形变及地震危险性分析[J].地震研究,25(增刊A):24-31.
吴云,韩键,于品清.1994.中长期地震危险区地壳形变场标志的研究[J].地壳形变与地震,14(2):28-34.
许昭永,王彬,胡毅力,杨润海.2009.试论岩石破裂和破坏的差异对地震模拟及前兆研究的影响[J].地球物理学报,52(3):712-719.
尹祥础.1985.固体力学[M].北京:地震出版社:70-71,456-471.
臧绍先.1984.地震应力降和岩石破裂应力降[J].地震学报,6(2):182-194.
张祖胜.1990.应用大地形变测量资料估计我国大陆近几十年的地震趋势[M].北京:地震出版社:1-20.
陈顺云,许昭永,杨润海,赵晋明,王赟赟,熊秉衡,王正荣.2005.焦散线法在压剪裂纹应力强度因子测量中的应用[J].地震学报,27(4):452-458.
黄永祥,黄润秋,许强,郭竟宇,李延兴,黄浩雄.2002.昆明玉溪研究区GPS和Kaiser应力测量结果与数值反演[J].地震研究,25(增刊A):48-56.
阚荣举,林中洋.1986.云南地壳上地幔构造的初步研究[J].中国地震,2(4):50-61.
李延兴,郭良迁.2002.昆明及其邻区的地震活动趋势估计[J].地震研究,25(增刊A):12-16.
李延兴,胡新康,帅平,郭良迁,李智,张中伏.2002.强震发生的应变场特征[J].地震研究,25(增刊A):57-64.
宋方敏,汪一鹏,俞维贤,曹忠权,申旭辉,沈军.1998.小江活动断裂带[M].北京:地震出版社:100-106.
王椿镛,王溪莉,颜其中.1994.昆明地震台网下方的三维速度结构[J].地震学报,16(2):167-175.
王敏,杨国华,李延兴,韩月萍,周晓燕.2002.云南地区当前水平形变及地震危险性分析[J].地震研究,25(增刊A):24-31.
吴云,韩键,于品清.1994.中长期地震危险区地壳形变场标志的研究[J].地壳形变与地震,14(2):28-34.
许昭永,王彬,胡毅力,杨润海.2009.试论岩石破裂和破坏的差异对地震模拟及前兆研究的影响[J].地球物理学报,52(3):712-719.
尹祥础.1985.固体力学[M].北京:地震出版社:70-71,456-471.
臧绍先.1984.地震应力降和岩石破裂应力降[J].地震学报,6(2):182-194.
张祖胜.1990.应用大地形变测量资料估计我国大陆近几十年的地震趋势[M].北京:地震出版社:1-20.
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