天然气水合物的特征及其识别标志
|
摘要
天然气水合物是在高压、低温条件下由水分子和气体分子形成的笼形化合物,是21世纪一种具有巨大潜在开发价值的海洋新型能源矿产.其勘探、开发和利用的科学与技术是当前面临的重大课题.天然气水合物的地球物理识别标志包括似海底反射层、空白反射带、极性反转、垂直地震剖面(VSP)和全波形反演速率、AVO和VAMP’S结构、测井等;地球化学识别标志包括甲烷异常、表层沉积物中的H2S气体异常和大气中C02含量异常等气体异常检测,沉积物中含水量异常、孔隙水离子浓度异常、同位素地球化学异常等流体地球化学标志,以及标志性矿物(标型矿物)及沉积物热释光分析等.
Gas hydrate is a kind of clathrate that is formed by water and gas molecules under high pressure and low temperature. It is thought to be a new potential source of energy in the 21st Century. Theories and technologies regarding to the prospecting and exploitation are great challenges we face today. Geophysical methods in exploiting gas hydrates include bottom simulating reflector, blanking zone, reversal of reflection polarity, VSP, AVO and VAMP’S structures, well logging and so on. Geochemical methods are also important ways, which involve fluid geochemical identification such as the anomaly of methane content, anomalies of H2S in the surface sediment and CO2 in the atmosphere, the water content anomaly in the sediments, pore water ionic concentration and isotopic geochemical anomalies, as well as the sieving of typical minerals and thermoluminescence analysis of sediments and so forth.
Gas hydrate is a kind of clathrate that is formed by water and gas molecules under high pressure and low temperature. It is thought to be a new potential source of energy in the 21st Century. Theories and technologies regarding to the prospecting and exploitation are great challenges we face today. Geophysical methods in exploiting gas hydrates include bottom simulating reflector, blanking zone, reversal of reflection polarity, VSP, AVO and VAMP’S structures, well logging and so on. Geochemical methods are also important ways, which involve fluid geochemical identification such as the anomaly of methane content, anomalies of H2S in the surface sediment and CO2 in the atmosphere, the water content anomaly in the sediments, pore water ionic concentration and isotopic geochemical anomalies, as well as the sieving of typical minerals and thermoluminescence analysis of sediments and so forth.
引文
[1]Bohrmann G,Greinert J,Suess E,et al.Authigenic carbonates from Cascadia Subduction Zone and their relation to gas hydrate stability[J].Geology,1998,26(7):647—650.
[2]Sassen R,MacDonald I R.Hydrocarbons of experimental and natural gas hydrates,Gulf of Mexico continental slope[J].Org Geochem,1997,26(3-4):289—293.
[3]Paull CK,MatsumotoR.LEG164overview[A].In:Proceedings of the Ocean DrillingProgram,Scientific Results[C],2000,164:3—10.
[4]陈敏.海洋天然气水合物元素地球化学行为模拟实验研究[D].中国海洋大学硕士论文.2005.
[5]SloanE DJr.Physical/chemical properties ofgas hydrates and application toworldmarginstabilityandclimaticchange[A].In:HenrietJP,Mienert J,eds.Gas Hydrate:Relevance to World Margin Stability and Climate Change,Volume137,Special Publications[C].London,Geological Society,1998.31—50.
[6]Bohrmann G,Torres M E.Gas Hydrate in marine sediments[A].In:Schulz H D,Zabel M,eds.Marine Geochemistry[C].2006.481—512,Springer.
[7]Davidson D W.Calhtrate hydrate[A].In:Frank F,ed.Water—AComprehensive Treatise2[C].NewYork:Plenum,1973.115—234.
[8]Ripmeester J A,Ratcliffe CI.Low-temperature cross-polarization/magic angle13CNMR ofsolid methane hydrate:Structure,cage occupancy,and hydration number[J].The Journal of Physical Chemistry,1998,92(2):337—339.
[9]Sassen R E,MacDonald I R.Evidence of structure H hydrate,Gulf of Mexicocontinentalslope[J].OrganicGeochemistry,1994,22:1029—1032.
[10]KonstantinA,UchidinKA,RipmeesterJA.AcomplexClathratehydrate structure showing bimodal guest hydration[J].Nature,1999,397:420—423.
[11]Lorenson T D,Collett T S.Gas content and composition of gas hydrate from sediments of the southern North American Continental margin[A].In:Proceedings ofthe Ocean DrillingProgram[C].2000.37—46.
[12]Kvenvolden K A.A primer on the geological occurrence of gas hydrate[A].In:Henriet J P,Mienert J,eds.Gas Hydrates:Relevance toWorld Margin Stabilityand Climate Change,Volume137:Special Publications[C].London,Geological Society,1998.9—30.
[13]Paull C K,Matsumoto R.Leg164Overview[A].In:Proceeding ODP Scientific Results164:College Station,TX(Ocean Drilling Program)[C].2000.164:3—12.
[14]Shipley T H,Houston M H,Buffler R T,et al.Seismic evidenee for widespread possible gas hydrate horizons on continental slopes and rises[J].The American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,1979,63(12):2204—2213.
[15]赵省民,吴必豪,王亚平.海底天然气水合物赋存的间接识别标志[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报.2000,25(6).
[16]Scholl D W,Hart P E.Velocity and amplitude structares on seismic-reflection prifiles—Possible massive gas-hydrate deposits and underlyinggas accumulations in the BeringSea basin[A].In:Howell D G,ed.The Future of EnergyGases:US Geological SurveyProfessionalPaper1570[C].1993.331—351.
[17]Hyndman R D,Davis E E.A mechanism for the formation of methane hydrate and seafloor bottom-simulating reflectors by vertical fluid explusion[J].Journal ofGeophysical Research,97(B5):7025—7041.
[18]王虑远,徐振中,陈世悦,等.天然气水合物的识别标志及研究进展[J].海洋通报,2006,25(2).
[19]陈敏,曹志敏,龚建明,等.海底天然气水合物地球化学勘探新技术.矿物岩石,2004,24(4):102—107.
[20]凌洪飞,蒋少涌,等.沉积物孔隙水地球化学异常:天然气水合物存在的指标[J].海洋地质动态,2001,7(7):34—37.
[21]蒋少涌,凌洪飞,等.海洋浅表层沉积物和孔隙水的天然气水合物地球化学异常识别标志[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2003,23(1):87—92.
[22]赵洪伟,龚建明,等.冲绳海槽天然气水合物综合异常特征及成藏地质条件[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2004,24(1):93—96.
[23]De Lange G J.Geochemical evidence of a massive slide in the southern Norwegian Sea[J].Nature,1983,305:420—422.
[24]PaullKA,MatsumotoR.LEG164overview[A].In:Proceedingsof the Ocean DrillingProgram,Scientific Results[C].2000.164:3—10.
[25]Borowski W S,Paull K,Ussler WⅢ.Global and local variations of interstitial sulfate gradients in deep-water,continental margin sediments:Sensitivity to underlying methane and gas hydrates[J].Marine Geology,1999,159:131—154.
[26]刘小平,杨晓兰.海底天然气水合物地球化学方法勘探进展[J].天然气地球科学,2007,18(2).
[27]吴必豪,张光学,等.中国近海天然气水合物的研究进展[J].地学前缘,2003,10(1):177—186.
[2]Sassen R,MacDonald I R.Hydrocarbons of experimental and natural gas hydrates,Gulf of Mexico continental slope[J].Org Geochem,1997,26(3-4):289—293.
[3]Paull CK,MatsumotoR.LEG164overview[A].In:Proceedings of the Ocean DrillingProgram,Scientific Results[C],2000,164:3—10.
[4]陈敏.海洋天然气水合物元素地球化学行为模拟实验研究[D].中国海洋大学硕士论文.2005.
[5]SloanE DJr.Physical/chemical properties ofgas hydrates and application toworldmarginstabilityandclimaticchange[A].In:HenrietJP,Mienert J,eds.Gas Hydrate:Relevance to World Margin Stability and Climate Change,Volume137,Special Publications[C].London,Geological Society,1998.31—50.
[6]Bohrmann G,Torres M E.Gas Hydrate in marine sediments[A].In:Schulz H D,Zabel M,eds.Marine Geochemistry[C].2006.481—512,Springer.
[7]Davidson D W.Calhtrate hydrate[A].In:Frank F,ed.Water—AComprehensive Treatise2[C].NewYork:Plenum,1973.115—234.
[8]Ripmeester J A,Ratcliffe CI.Low-temperature cross-polarization/magic angle13CNMR ofsolid methane hydrate:Structure,cage occupancy,and hydration number[J].The Journal of Physical Chemistry,1998,92(2):337—339.
[9]Sassen R E,MacDonald I R.Evidence of structure H hydrate,Gulf of Mexicocontinentalslope[J].OrganicGeochemistry,1994,22:1029—1032.
[10]KonstantinA,UchidinKA,RipmeesterJA.AcomplexClathratehydrate structure showing bimodal guest hydration[J].Nature,1999,397:420—423.
[11]Lorenson T D,Collett T S.Gas content and composition of gas hydrate from sediments of the southern North American Continental margin[A].In:Proceedings ofthe Ocean DrillingProgram[C].2000.37—46.
[12]Kvenvolden K A.A primer on the geological occurrence of gas hydrate[A].In:Henriet J P,Mienert J,eds.Gas Hydrates:Relevance toWorld Margin Stabilityand Climate Change,Volume137:Special Publications[C].London,Geological Society,1998.9—30.
[13]Paull C K,Matsumoto R.Leg164Overview[A].In:Proceeding ODP Scientific Results164:College Station,TX(Ocean Drilling Program)[C].2000.164:3—12.
[14]Shipley T H,Houston M H,Buffler R T,et al.Seismic evidenee for widespread possible gas hydrate horizons on continental slopes and rises[J].The American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,1979,63(12):2204—2213.
[15]赵省民,吴必豪,王亚平.海底天然气水合物赋存的间接识别标志[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报.2000,25(6).
[16]Scholl D W,Hart P E.Velocity and amplitude structares on seismic-reflection prifiles—Possible massive gas-hydrate deposits and underlyinggas accumulations in the BeringSea basin[A].In:Howell D G,ed.The Future of EnergyGases:US Geological SurveyProfessionalPaper1570[C].1993.331—351.
[17]Hyndman R D,Davis E E.A mechanism for the formation of methane hydrate and seafloor bottom-simulating reflectors by vertical fluid explusion[J].Journal ofGeophysical Research,97(B5):7025—7041.
[18]王虑远,徐振中,陈世悦,等.天然气水合物的识别标志及研究进展[J].海洋通报,2006,25(2).
[19]陈敏,曹志敏,龚建明,等.海底天然气水合物地球化学勘探新技术.矿物岩石,2004,24(4):102—107.
[20]凌洪飞,蒋少涌,等.沉积物孔隙水地球化学异常:天然气水合物存在的指标[J].海洋地质动态,2001,7(7):34—37.
[21]蒋少涌,凌洪飞,等.海洋浅表层沉积物和孔隙水的天然气水合物地球化学异常识别标志[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2003,23(1):87—92.
[22]赵洪伟,龚建明,等.冲绳海槽天然气水合物综合异常特征及成藏地质条件[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2004,24(1):93—96.
[23]De Lange G J.Geochemical evidence of a massive slide in the southern Norwegian Sea[J].Nature,1983,305:420—422.
[24]PaullKA,MatsumotoR.LEG164overview[A].In:Proceedingsof the Ocean DrillingProgram,Scientific Results[C].2000.164:3—10.
[25]Borowski W S,Paull K,Ussler WⅢ.Global and local variations of interstitial sulfate gradients in deep-water,continental margin sediments:Sensitivity to underlying methane and gas hydrates[J].Marine Geology,1999,159:131—154.
[26]刘小平,杨晓兰.海底天然气水合物地球化学方法勘探进展[J].天然气地球科学,2007,18(2).
[27]吴必豪,张光学,等.中国近海天然气水合物的研究进展[J].地学前缘,2003,10(1):177—186.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心