高温条件下二云母片麻岩V_p特征:壳内异常速度层的成因约束
摘要
报道了在400MPa,20～950℃条件下,二云母片麻岩弹性波速度的温度响应及时间对测量数据影响的实验结果.在600～800℃温度区间,弹性波速度快速降低,其原因至少与白云母的脱水和α-石英在相变为β-石英前弹性软化有关.而在875℃之上,Vp快速上升反映出石英进入了相对高速的β-相.在950℃,详细测量了弹性波速度与实验时间的关系.结果表明,在30h之内片麻岩的波速随时间的增加而迅速下降,下降幅度达到9.9%.与之对应的是弹性波的振幅也快速衰减,其幅度达到80%以上.其后波速和振幅趋于稳定.950℃时片麻岩弹性波波速和振幅随时间的变化反映出黑云母逐步脱水并最终趋于稳定的过程.实验结果为认识大陆地壳地震波速度反转现象提供了有益的启示.对于加厚的中-上地壳和高地温梯度环境(例如,青藏高原南部),石英的α-β相变不可避免,并且其相变前的弹性软化与白云母的脱水(脱水熔融)的温压区间重叠.因此,两者共同造成岩石弹性波速度的显著下降.在低速层之下,α-β石英相变有可能形成可被探测的高速薄层.高速薄层的识别可以为确定地温梯度提供了精确的约束条件.
引文
1Birch F.The velocity of compressional waves in rocks to10kilo-bars.part1.J Geophys Res,1960,65:1085—1102
2Birch F.The velocity of compressional waves in rocks to10kilo-bars.part2.J Geophys Res,1961,66:2199—2224
3Christensen N I.Compressional wave velocities in metamorphic rocks at pressures to10kbar.J Geophys Res,1965,70:6147—6164
4Kern H.P-and S-wave velocities in crustal and mantle rocks under the simultaneous action of high confining pressure and high tem-perature and the effect of the rock microstructure,High-Pressure researches in Geoscience,Schweizerbart,Stuttgart,1982,15—45
5赵志丹,谢鸿森,周文戈,等.大别山地区岩石高压弹性波速及其对岩石圈组成和壳-幔循环的限制.自然科学进展,2001,11:52—57
6Kern H,Schenk V.Elastic wave velocities in rocks from a lower crustal section in southern Calabria(Italy).Phys Earth Planet Int,1985,40:147—160
7Fountain D M,Christensen N I.Composition of the continental crust and upper mantle;a review,In:Geophysical Framework of the continental United States.In:Pakiser L C,Mooney W D,eds.Boulder,Colorado,Geological Society of America Memoir172,1989,711—742
8谢鸿森.地球深部物质科学导论.北京:科学出版社,1997
9Christensen N I,Mooney W.Seismic velocity structure and com-position of the continental crust:A global view.J Geophys Res,1995,100:9761—9788
10刘斌,葛宁洁,Kern H,等.不同温度下蛇纹岩和角闪岩波速与衰减的各向异性.地球物理学报,1998,41:371—381
11Yang X S,Ma J,Jin Z M,et al.Partial Melting and Its Implication for Understanding of Seismic Velocity Structure within Southern Tibet Crust.Acta Geol Sin,2003,77:64—71
12周文戈,谢鸿森,赵志丹,等.α-β石英相变的应变参数计算及其地质意义.高压物理学报,2002,16:241—248
13周文戈,谢鸿森,赵志丹,等.0.7～1.8GPa,室温～1120℃条件下α-β石英相变的弹性参数.自然科学进展,2002,12:866—968
14Shen A H,Bassett W A.Theα-βquartz transition at high tempera-tures and pressures in a Diamond-Anvil Cell by laser interferome-try.Am Mineral,1993,78:694—698
15杨晓松,金振民,Huenges E,等.黑云-斜长片麻岩的脱水熔融实验研究及其在青藏高原动力学研究中的意义.科学通报,2001,46(3):246—250
16杨晓松,金振民,高山,等.喜马拉雅造山带麻粒岩成因的高温高压实验研究.科学通报,2001,46(24):2025—2030
17Sato H,Sacks I S.Attenuation of compressional waves in peri-dotite measured as a function of temperature at200MPa.Pure Appl Geophys,1988,128:433—447
18Muellor H J,Raab S.Elastic wave velocities of granite at experi-mental simulated partial melting conditions.Phys Chem Earth,1997,22:93—96
19Aizawa Y,Ito K,Tatsumi Y.Compressional wave velocity of gran-ite and amphibolite up to melting temperature at1GPa.Tectono-physics,2002,351:255—261
20Keith M L,Tuttle O F.Significance of variation in the High-low Inversion of Quartz.Am J Sci Bowen volume,1952,203—280
21Patino Deuce A,Beard J.Dehydration-melting of biotite gneiss and quartz amphibolite from3～15kbar.J Petrol,1995,36:707—738
22Patino Douce A,Harris N.Experimental constraints on Himalayan anatexis.J Petrol,1998,39:689—710
23Puziewice J,Johannes W.Experimental study of a biotite-bearing granitic system under water-saturated and water undersaturated conditions.Contrib Mineral Petrol,1990,104:397—406
24Nelson K D,Zhao W,Brown L D,et al.Partially molten middle crust beneath southern Tibet:Synthesis of project INDEPTH re-sults.Science,1996,274:1684—1688
25Kind R,Ni J,Zhao W,et al.Evidence from earthquake data or a partially molten crustal layer in southern Tibet.Science,1996,274:1692—1694
26Schmitz M,Heinsohn W D,Schilling F R.Seismic,gravity and petrological evidence for partial melt beneath the thickened Cen-tral Andean crust(21～23°).Tectonophysics,1997,270:313—326
27汪集旸,黄少鹏.中国大陆地区大地热流数据汇编(第2版).地震地质,1990,12:351—366
28沈显杰,张文仁,管烨,等.纵贯青藏高原的亚东-柴达木热流大断面.科学通报,1989,34(17):1329—1330
29沈显杰.从藏南高热流的形成机理推论西藏地壳和上地幔热结构.地球物理学报,1985,28:93—107
30廖志杰,赵平,等.滇藏地热带.北京:科学出版社,1999
31Neogi S,Dasgupta S,Fukuoka M.High P-T polymetamorphism,dehydration melting,and generation of migmatites and garnites in the higher Himalayan crystalline complex,Sikkim,India.J Petrol,1998,39:61—99
32Parrish R R,Hodges K V.Isotopic constraints on the age and provenance of the lesser and Greater Himalayan sequences,Nep-alese Himalayas.Geol Soc Am Bull,1996,108:904—911
33Coleman M E.U-Pb constraints on Cligocene-Miocene deforma-tion and anatexis within the central Himalaya,Marsyandi Valley.Nepal Am J Sci,1998,298:553—571
34杨晓松,金振民,马瑾.喜马拉雅造山带地壳深熔作用:来自聂拉木群混合岩的地球化学和年代学证据.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2004,34(10):926—934
35Johannes W.Beginning of melting in the granite system Qz-Ab-Or-An-H2O.Contrib Mineral Petrol,1984,84:264—273
36Le Breton N,Thompson A B.Fluid-absent(dehydration)melting of biotite in metapelites in the early stages of crustal anatexis.Contrib Mineral Petrol,1988,99:226—237
37Huang W L,Wyllie P J.Melting reactions in the system NaAlSi3O8-Kal Si3O8-SiO2to35kilobars,dry and with excess water.J Geol,1975,83:737—748
38Mechie J,Sobolev S V,Ratschbacher L,et al.Precise temperature estimation in the Tibetan crust from seismic detection of the a-b quartz transition.Geology,2004,32:601—604
2Birch F.The velocity of compressional waves in rocks to10kilo-bars.part2.J Geophys Res,1961,66:2199—2224
3Christensen N I.Compressional wave velocities in metamorphic rocks at pressures to10kbar.J Geophys Res,1965,70:6147—6164
4Kern H.P-and S-wave velocities in crustal and mantle rocks under the simultaneous action of high confining pressure and high tem-perature and the effect of the rock microstructure,High-Pressure researches in Geoscience,Schweizerbart,Stuttgart,1982,15—45
5赵志丹,谢鸿森,周文戈,等.大别山地区岩石高压弹性波速及其对岩石圈组成和壳-幔循环的限制.自然科学进展,2001,11:52—57
6Kern H,Schenk V.Elastic wave velocities in rocks from a lower crustal section in southern Calabria(Italy).Phys Earth Planet Int,1985,40:147—160
7Fountain D M,Christensen N I.Composition of the continental crust and upper mantle;a review,In:Geophysical Framework of the continental United States.In:Pakiser L C,Mooney W D,eds.Boulder,Colorado,Geological Society of America Memoir172,1989,711—742
8谢鸿森.地球深部物质科学导论.北京:科学出版社,1997
9Christensen N I,Mooney W.Seismic velocity structure and com-position of the continental crust:A global view.J Geophys Res,1995,100:9761—9788
10刘斌,葛宁洁,Kern H,等.不同温度下蛇纹岩和角闪岩波速与衰减的各向异性.地球物理学报,1998,41:371—381
11Yang X S,Ma J,Jin Z M,et al.Partial Melting and Its Implication for Understanding of Seismic Velocity Structure within Southern Tibet Crust.Acta Geol Sin,2003,77:64—71
12周文戈,谢鸿森,赵志丹,等.α-β石英相变的应变参数计算及其地质意义.高压物理学报,2002,16:241—248
13周文戈,谢鸿森,赵志丹,等.0.7～1.8GPa,室温～1120℃条件下α-β石英相变的弹性参数.自然科学进展,2002,12:866—968
14Shen A H,Bassett W A.Theα-βquartz transition at high tempera-tures and pressures in a Diamond-Anvil Cell by laser interferome-try.Am Mineral,1993,78:694—698
15杨晓松,金振民,Huenges E,等.黑云-斜长片麻岩的脱水熔融实验研究及其在青藏高原动力学研究中的意义.科学通报,2001,46(3):246—250
16杨晓松,金振民,高山,等.喜马拉雅造山带麻粒岩成因的高温高压实验研究.科学通报,2001,46(24):2025—2030
17Sato H,Sacks I S.Attenuation of compressional waves in peri-dotite measured as a function of temperature at200MPa.Pure Appl Geophys,1988,128:433—447
18Muellor H J,Raab S.Elastic wave velocities of granite at experi-mental simulated partial melting conditions.Phys Chem Earth,1997,22:93—96
19Aizawa Y,Ito K,Tatsumi Y.Compressional wave velocity of gran-ite and amphibolite up to melting temperature at1GPa.Tectono-physics,2002,351:255—261
20Keith M L,Tuttle O F.Significance of variation in the High-low Inversion of Quartz.Am J Sci Bowen volume,1952,203—280
21Patino Deuce A,Beard J.Dehydration-melting of biotite gneiss and quartz amphibolite from3～15kbar.J Petrol,1995,36:707—738
22Patino Douce A,Harris N.Experimental constraints on Himalayan anatexis.J Petrol,1998,39:689—710
23Puziewice J,Johannes W.Experimental study of a biotite-bearing granitic system under water-saturated and water undersaturated conditions.Contrib Mineral Petrol,1990,104:397—406
24Nelson K D,Zhao W,Brown L D,et al.Partially molten middle crust beneath southern Tibet:Synthesis of project INDEPTH re-sults.Science,1996,274:1684—1688
25Kind R,Ni J,Zhao W,et al.Evidence from earthquake data or a partially molten crustal layer in southern Tibet.Science,1996,274:1692—1694
26Schmitz M,Heinsohn W D,Schilling F R.Seismic,gravity and petrological evidence for partial melt beneath the thickened Cen-tral Andean crust(21～23°).Tectonophysics,1997,270:313—326
27汪集旸,黄少鹏.中国大陆地区大地热流数据汇编(第2版).地震地质,1990,12:351—366
28沈显杰,张文仁,管烨,等.纵贯青藏高原的亚东-柴达木热流大断面.科学通报,1989,34(17):1329—1330
29沈显杰.从藏南高热流的形成机理推论西藏地壳和上地幔热结构.地球物理学报,1985,28:93—107
30廖志杰,赵平,等.滇藏地热带.北京:科学出版社,1999
31Neogi S,Dasgupta S,Fukuoka M.High P-T polymetamorphism,dehydration melting,and generation of migmatites and garnites in the higher Himalayan crystalline complex,Sikkim,India.J Petrol,1998,39:61—99
32Parrish R R,Hodges K V.Isotopic constraints on the age and provenance of the lesser and Greater Himalayan sequences,Nep-alese Himalayas.Geol Soc Am Bull,1996,108:904—911
33Coleman M E.U-Pb constraints on Cligocene-Miocene deforma-tion and anatexis within the central Himalaya,Marsyandi Valley.Nepal Am J Sci,1998,298:553—571
34杨晓松,金振民,马瑾.喜马拉雅造山带地壳深熔作用:来自聂拉木群混合岩的地球化学和年代学证据.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2004,34(10):926—934
35Johannes W.Beginning of melting in the granite system Qz-Ab-Or-An-H2O.Contrib Mineral Petrol,1984,84:264—273
36Le Breton N,Thompson A B.Fluid-absent(dehydration)melting of biotite in metapelites in the early stages of crustal anatexis.Contrib Mineral Petrol,1988,99:226—237
37Huang W L,Wyllie P J.Melting reactions in the system NaAlSi3O8-Kal Si3O8-SiO2to35kilobars,dry and with excess water.J Geol,1975,83:737—748
38Mechie J,Sobolev S V,Ratschbacher L,et al.Precise temperature estimation in the Tibetan crust from seismic detection of the a-b quartz transition.Geology,2004,32:601—604
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