降低碳酸盐岩地层孔隙度和渗透率计算不确定性的方法
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摘要
碳酸盐岩储层受后期改造作用严重,使成岩作用、孔隙度、孔隙类型和声波速度之间相关性不强。用常规测井方法难以精确计算这种复杂储层的孔隙度和渗透率。介绍了提高碳酸盐岩孔隙度和渗透率计算精度的几种方法,即岩石物理反演法、数字图像分析技术、基于实验数据的渗透率模型法。这些新技术的应用实例表明:用岩石物理反演的孔隙度与岩心薄片的成像相吻合;用图像分析得到的大孔隙度在约束渗透率发散计算方面非常有用,使渗透率计算的不确定性降低2.5个数量级。将岩心实验测量、测井和地震相结合是提高孔隙度和渗透率等储层参数计算精度的发展方向。
Carbonate rocks show a lack of correlation between diagene sis, porosity, pore types and velocity due to intense alteration of the pore structure. Conventional logging methods fail to calculate the accurate porosity and permeability in such kind of complex reservoir. This paper introduced some methods that can accurately calculate the porosity and permeability of carbonate rocks. These methods are rock physical inversion, digital image analysis, and permeability model based on lab data. Applications of these methods show that porosity from rock physical inversion is in agreement with that from the thin section imaging, the macro-porosity from digital image analysis is useful in constraining permeability uncertainty, leading to the uncertainty of permeability calculation decreasing 2. 5 orders of magnitude. The author believe that the combination of core lab measurement, well logging, and seismic is the right way to reduce the uncertainty of calculation of reservoir parameters such as porosity and permeability.
Carbonate rocks show a lack of correlation between diagene sis, porosity, pore types and velocity due to intense alteration of the pore structure. Conventional logging methods fail to calculate the accurate porosity and permeability in such kind of complex reservoir. This paper introduced some methods that can accurately calculate the porosity and permeability of carbonate rocks. These methods are rock physical inversion, digital image analysis, and permeability model based on lab data. Applications of these methods show that porosity from rock physical inversion is in agreement with that from the thin section imaging, the macro-porosity from digital image analysis is useful in constraining permeability uncertainty, leading to the uncertainty of permeability calculation decreasing 2. 5 orders of magnitude. The author believe that the combination of core lab measurement, well logging, and seismic is the right way to reduce the uncertainty of calculation of reservoir parameters such as porosity and permeability.
引文
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2隋少强,张义杰,曹思远．储层特征研究与预测[M]．北 京:地震出版社,2003．1～25
3 Eberli G P, Baechle G T, Anselmetti F S,et al. Factors controlling elastic properties in carbonate sediments and rocks[J]. The Leading Edge,2003,26(6) :454~661
4刘运备,顾伟康,周开凤,等．高孔隙度低渗透率碳酸盐 岩储层测井解释难点分析[J]．测井技术,2003,27(6): 486～491
5 Berryman J G. Long-wavelength propagation in composite elastic media: I .Spherical inclusions[J]. Journal of Acoustical Society of America, 1980, 68: 1 809 ~ 1 819
6 Berryman J G. Long-wavelength propagation in composite elastic media: II ,Ellipsoidal inclusions[J]. Journal of Acoustical Society of America, 1980,68:1 820~ 1 831
7 Kazatchenko E, Narkov M, Mousatov A. Joint modeling of acoustic velocities and electrical conductivity from unified microstructure of rocks[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research(Solid Earth) ,2004,109(1) :B01202
8 Kazatchenko E, Narkov M, Mousatov A. Application of petrophysical of well logs for pore-system characterization of South Florida acquifer [J]. Expanded Abstracts of 74th Annual Internal SEG Mtg, 2004, 1 734-1 737
9焦翠华,王绪松,才巨宏,等．双孔隙结构对声波时差的 影响及孔隙度的确定方法[J]．测井技术,2003,27(4): 288～291
10 Kuster G T, Toksoz M N. Velocity and attenuation of seismic waves in two-phase media: Part I , Theoretic formations[J]. Geophysics,1974,39(5) :587~617
11 Weger R J, Baechle G T,Masaferro J L,et al. Effects of porestructure on sonic velocity in carbonates [J]. Expanded Abstracts of 74th Annual Internal SEG Mtg, 2004,1 774-1 777
12 Anselmetti F S,Luthi S,Eberli G P. Quantitive char acterization of carbonate pore systems by digital image analysis[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1998, 82(10):1 815 -1 836
13 Baeche G T, Weger R, Eberli G, et al. The role of macroporosity and microporosity in constraining uncer tainties and in relating velocity to permeability in carbonate rocks [J]. Expanded Abstracts of 74th Annual Internal SEG Mtg, 2004,1 662-1 665
14廖明光,李士伦,付晓文,等．储层岩石渗透率估算模型 的建立[J]．天然气工业,2001,21(4):45~48
15马中高,邓道静．岩石物理性质研究技术[J]．勘探地球 物理进展,2003,26(5—6):387~401
2隋少强,张义杰,曹思远．储层特征研究与预测[M]．北 京:地震出版社,2003．1～25
3 Eberli G P, Baechle G T, Anselmetti F S,et al. Factors controlling elastic properties in carbonate sediments and rocks[J]. The Leading Edge,2003,26(6) :454~661
4刘运备,顾伟康,周开凤,等．高孔隙度低渗透率碳酸盐 岩储层测井解释难点分析[J]．测井技术,2003,27(6): 486～491
5 Berryman J G. Long-wavelength propagation in composite elastic media: I .Spherical inclusions[J]. Journal of Acoustical Society of America, 1980, 68: 1 809 ~ 1 819
6 Berryman J G. Long-wavelength propagation in composite elastic media: II ,Ellipsoidal inclusions[J]. Journal of Acoustical Society of America, 1980,68:1 820~ 1 831
7 Kazatchenko E, Narkov M, Mousatov A. Joint modeling of acoustic velocities and electrical conductivity from unified microstructure of rocks[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research(Solid Earth) ,2004,109(1) :B01202
8 Kazatchenko E, Narkov M, Mousatov A. Application of petrophysical of well logs for pore-system characterization of South Florida acquifer [J]. Expanded Abstracts of 74th Annual Internal SEG Mtg, 2004, 1 734-1 737
9焦翠华,王绪松,才巨宏,等．双孔隙结构对声波时差的 影响及孔隙度的确定方法[J]．测井技术,2003,27(4): 288～291
10 Kuster G T, Toksoz M N. Velocity and attenuation of seismic waves in two-phase media: Part I , Theoretic formations[J]. Geophysics,1974,39(5) :587~617
11 Weger R J, Baechle G T,Masaferro J L,et al. Effects of porestructure on sonic velocity in carbonates [J]. Expanded Abstracts of 74th Annual Internal SEG Mtg, 2004,1 774-1 777
12 Anselmetti F S,Luthi S,Eberli G P. Quantitive char acterization of carbonate pore systems by digital image analysis[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1998, 82(10):1 815 -1 836
13 Baeche G T, Weger R, Eberli G, et al. The role of macroporosity and microporosity in constraining uncer tainties and in relating velocity to permeability in carbonate rocks [J]. Expanded Abstracts of 74th Annual Internal SEG Mtg, 2004,1 662-1 665
14廖明光,李士伦,付晓文,等．储层岩石渗透率估算模型 的建立[J]．天然气工业,2001,21(4):45~48
15马中高,邓道静．岩石物理性质研究技术[J]．勘探地球 物理进展,2003,26(5—6):387~401
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