中国大陆岩石圈岩石学结构、类型与不均一性
摘要
根据中国大陆的地质特征和现今地球物理特征,区分不同地区的岩石圈类型;依据岩石学方法、地球演化模型、地震波速与成分的关系等综合方法,建立了相应类型岩石圈的岩石学结构;根据岩石圈的动力学性质,划分出中国大陆克拉通、造山带、裂谷、边缘海洋壳和岛弧等5大岩石圈类型,首次构建出中国大陆岩石圈岩石学结构模型,展示了中国大陆岩石圈的不均一特征。
On the basis of the geological and geophysical characteristics of continental China, different lithospheric types in various regions are distinguished. In light of the petrological method, model of Earth's evolution and relationships between the seismic velocity and rock composition, eighteen petrological structure prisms corresponding with different lithospheric types have been set up. According to the dynamic properties, five types of lithosphere, i.e. cratonic, orogenic belt, rift, marginal oceanic crust and island―arc, are recognized in continental China. A petrological structure model of lithosphere beneath continental China is constructed and the inhomogeneous characteristics of the lithosphere beneath continental China are displayed for the first time.
On the basis of the geological and geophysical characteristics of continental China, different lithospheric types in various regions are distinguished. In light of the petrological method, model of Earth's evolution and relationships between the seismic velocity and rock composition, eighteen petrological structure prisms corresponding with different lithospheric types have been set up. According to the dynamic properties, five types of lithosphere, i.e. cratonic, orogenic belt, rift, marginal oceanic crust and island―arc, are recognized in continental China. A petrological structure model of lithosphere beneath continental China is constructed and the inhomogeneous characteristics of the lithosphere beneath continental China are displayed for the first time.
引文
邓晋福,邱瑞照,吴宗絮,等.对流地幔输入大陆及过程与大规模成矿作用.见:邓晋福等.中国地球物理场特征及深部地质与成矿(科研报告),2003.
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[3]邓晋福,赵海玲,莫宣学,等.中国大陆根-柱构造—大陆动力学的钥匙[M].北京:地质出版社,1996.D eng Jinfu,Zhao H ailing,M o X uanxun,etal.C ontinentalR oot-Plum e Tectonics of C hina-K ey to the ContinentalD ynam ics[M].Beijing:G eological Publishing H ouse.1996(in C hinese w ith English abstract).
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[5]D ePaolo D J.N d isotopic studies:som e new perspectives on Earth structure and evolution[J].EO S,1981,162:137～140.
[6]R ingw ood A E.C om position and Petrology ofthe Earth's M antle[M].M cG raw-H ill.1975.1～618.
[7]C ondie K C.Plate Tectonics and C rustal Evolution[M].N ew Y ork:Pergam on,1982.1～310.
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[17]汪集旸,黄少鹏.中国大陆地区大地热流数据汇编[J].地质科学,1988,2:196～204.W ang Jiyang,H uang Shaopeng.C om pilation of heat flow data in the C hina continental area[J].Scientia G eologica Sinca,1998,2:196～204(in C hinese).
[18]X u Y G,Fan W M,Lin G.Lithosphere-asthenosphere interactions:a com parative study on C enozoic and M esozoic basaltsaround BohaiArea[J].G eotectica etM etallogenia,1995,19:1～13.
[19]G riffin W L,Z hang A D,O'R eilly S Y,et al.Phanerozoic evolution of the lithosphere beneath the Sino-K orean craton[A].In:Flow er M F,C hung S L,Lo C H,et al(eds.).M antle D ynam ics and Plate Interactions in East Asia[C].Am erican G eophysicalU nion,1998,G eodynam icsSeries27:107～126.
[20]高山,R udnick R L,C arlson R W,etal.华北克拉通岩石圈地幔置换作用和壳幔生长耦合的R e-O s同位素证据[J].地学前缘,2003,10(3):61～67.G ao Shan,R udnick R L,C arlson R W,et al.R em oval of lithospheric m antle in the N orth C hina craton:R e-O s isotopic evidence for coupled crust―m antle grow th[J].Earth Science Frontiers.2003,10(3):61～67(in C hinese w ith English abstract).
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[23]W ang H ongzheng,M o X uanxue.An outline of the tectonic evolution ofC hina.Episodes[J].1995.18(1～2):6～16.
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[27]马晓冰,孔祥儒.青藏高原岩石圈热状态及其东西部差异[J].地球物理学进展,2001,16(3):12～20.M a X iaobing,K ong X iangru.The therm alstatus of qinghai-tlbet platean and the differences betw een the w estern and the eastern platean[J].Progress in G eophysics,2001,16(3):12～20(in C hinese w ith English abstract).
[28]邱瑞照,邓晋福,李廷栋,等.岩石圈不连续与大陆成矿作用[J].矿床地质,2004,23(增刊):32～40.Q iu R uizhao,D eng Jinfu,Li Tingdong,et al.Lithospheric discontinuity and continentalm etallogenesis[J].M ineralD eposits,2004,23(Supp.):32～40(in C hinese w ith English abstract).
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[30]肖庆辉,邱瑞照,邓晋福,等.中国花岗岩与大陆地壳生长方式初步研究[J].中国地质,2005,32(3):336～343.X iao Q inghui,Q iu R uizhao,D eng Jinfu,et al.G ranitoids and continentalcrustalgrow th m odes in C hina[J].G eology in C hina,2005,32(3):336～343(in C hinese w ith English abstract).
[1]吴宗絮,邓晋福,赵海玲,等.华北大陆地壳—上地幔岩石学结构与演化[J].岩石矿物学杂志,1994,13(2):106～115.W u Z ongxu,D eng Jinfu,Zhao H ailing,et al.C rust―m antle petrological structure and evolution of N orth C hina continent[J].Acta Petrologica etM ineralogica,1994,13(2):106～115(in C hinese w ith English abstract).
[2]邱瑞照,邓晋福,周肃,等.华北地区岩石圈类型:地质与地球物理证据[J].中国科学(D辑),2004,34(8):689～711.Q iu R uizhao,D eng Jinfu,Z hou Su,et al.Lithosphere types in N orth C hina—Evidencesfrom geology and geophysics[J].Science in C hina(Ser.D),2005,48(11):1809～1827(in C hinese).
[3]邓晋福,赵海玲,莫宣学,等.中国大陆根-柱构造—大陆动力学的钥匙[M].北京:地质出版社,1996.D eng Jinfu,Zhao H ailing,M o X uanxun,etal.C ontinentalR oot-Plum e Tectonics of C hina-K ey to the ContinentalD ynam ics[M].Beijing:G eological Publishing H ouse.1996(in C hinese w ith English abstract).
[4]A nderson D L.H otspots,basalts and the evolution of the m antle[J].Science,1981,213:82～89.
[5]D ePaolo D J.N d isotopic studies:som e new perspectives on Earth structure and evolution[J].EO S,1981,162:137～140.
[6]R ingw ood A E.C om position and Petrology ofthe Earth's M antle[M].M cG raw-H ill.1975.1～618.
[7]C ondie K C.Plate Tectonics and C rustal Evolution[M].N ew Y ork:Pergam on,1982.1～310.
[8]邱瑞照,李廷栋,邓晋福,等.华北地区三类岩石圈的壳幔岩石学结构与化学结构及其地球动力学意义[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2004,23(2):127～140.Q iu R uizhao,Li Tingdong,D eng Jinfu,et al.The crust-m antle petrological-and petrolchem ical structures of three kinds of lithosphere and their continental dynam ics im plication in N orth C hina[J].Acta Petrologica et M ineralogica,2004,23(2):127～140(in C hinese w ith English abstract).
[9]邱瑞照,李廷栋,邓晋福,等.中国大地构造单元新格局——从岩石圈角度的思考[J].中国地质,2006,33(2):401～409.Q iu R uizhao,Li Tingdong,D eng Jinfu,et al.A new pattern of tectonic units of C hina considered in the light of lithosphere[J].G eology in C hina,2006,33(2):401～409(in C hinese w ith English abstract).
[10]Polet J,Anderson D L.D epth extent of cratons as inferred fromtom ographic studies[J].G eol.,1995,23:205～208.
[11]Boyd F R.C om positionaldistinction betw een oceanic and cratonic lithosphere[J].EPSL,1989,96:15～26.
[12]池际尚,路风香,刘永顺,等.中国原生金刚石成矿地质条件研究[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1996.1～58.C hi Jishang,Lu Fengxiang,Liu Yunshun,et al.The Study of Form ation C onditions ofPrim ary D iam ond D epositsin C hina[M].W uhan:C hinaU niversity of G eosciencesPress,1996.1～58.
[13]程裕淇.中国区域地质概论[M].北京:地质出版社,1994.C heng Y uqi.An Introduction to the R egionalG eology of C hina[M].Beijing:G eologicalPublishing H ouse,1994(in C hinese).
[14]邓晋福,吴宗絮,赵国春.等.华北地台前寒武纪花岗岩类、陆壳演化与克拉通形成[J].岩石学报,1999,15(2):190～198.D eng Jinfu,W u Z ongxu,Zhao G uochun,et al.Precam brian granitic rocks,continentalcrustalevolution and craton form ation of the N orth C hina Platform[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,1999,15(2):190～198(in Chinese w ith English abstract).
[15]张宗清.从华北古陆早前寒武纪变质岩的Sm-N d同位素特征论其地壳的主要生长时期[A].见:沈其韩,程裕淇主编.华北地区早前寒武纪地质研究论文集[C].北京:地质出版社,1998.133～136.Zhang Zongqing.O n the continental grow th periods of N orth C hina craton based on Sm-N d isotopic characteristics of early Precam brian m etam orphic rocks[A].In:Sheng Q ihan,C heng Y uqi(eds.).C ontributions to the Early Precam brian G eology in N orth C hina C raton[C].Beijing:G eological Publishing H ouse,1998.133～136(in C hinese).
[16]沈其韩.华北地台早前寒武纪条带状铁英岩地质特征和形成的地质背景[A].见:沈其韩,程裕淇主编.华北地台早前寒武纪地质研究论文集[C].1998,1～31.Sheng Q ihan.G eological characteristics and geological setting of banded itabirite on the Early Precam brian in N orth C hina Platform[A].In:Sheng Q ihan,C heng Y uqi(eds).C ontributions to the Early Precam brian G eology in N orth C hina Craton[C].Beijing:G eologicalPublishing H ouse,1998,1～31(in C hinese).
[17]汪集旸,黄少鹏.中国大陆地区大地热流数据汇编[J].地质科学,1988,2:196～204.W ang Jiyang,H uang Shaopeng.C om pilation of heat flow data in the C hina continental area[J].Scientia G eologica Sinca,1998,2:196～204(in C hinese).
[18]X u Y G,Fan W M,Lin G.Lithosphere-asthenosphere interactions:a com parative study on C enozoic and M esozoic basaltsaround BohaiArea[J].G eotectica etM etallogenia,1995,19:1～13.
[19]G riffin W L,Z hang A D,O'R eilly S Y,et al.Phanerozoic evolution of the lithosphere beneath the Sino-K orean craton[A].In:Flow er M F,C hung S L,Lo C H,et al(eds.).M antle D ynam ics and Plate Interactions in East Asia[C].Am erican G eophysicalU nion,1998,G eodynam icsSeries27:107～126.
[20]高山,R udnick R L,C arlson R W,etal.华北克拉通岩石圈地幔置换作用和壳幔生长耦合的R e-O s同位素证据[J].地学前缘,2003,10(3):61～67.G ao Shan,R udnick R L,C arlson R W,et al.R em oval of lithospheric m antle in the N orth C hina craton:R e-O s isotopic evidence for coupled crust―m antle grow th[J].Earth Science Frontiers.2003,10(3):61～67(in C hinese w ith English abstract).
[21]R udnick R L,Fountain D M.N ature and com position of the continentalcrust:A low er crustal perspective[J].R ev.G eophys,l995,33:267～309.
[22]任纪舜,牛宝贵,刘志刚.软碰撞、叠覆造山和多旋回缝合作用[J].地学前缘,1999,6(3):85～93.R en Jishun,N iu Baogui,Liu Z higang.Softcollision,superposition orogeny and polycyclic suturing[J].Earth Science Frontiers,1999,6(3):85～93(in Chinese w ith English abstract).
[23]W ang H ongzheng,M o X uanxue.An outline of the tectonic evolution ofC hina.Episodes[J].1995.18(1～2):6～16.
[24]周肃,莫宣学,董国臣,等.西藏林周盆地林子宗火山岩40Ar-39Ar年代格架[J].科学通报,2004,49(20):2095～2103.Zhou Su,M o X uanxue,D ong G uochen,et al.40Ar-39Ar geochronology ofC enozoic Linzizong volcanic rocksfrom Linzhou Basin,Tibet,C hina,and their geologicalim plications[J].C hinese Science Bulletin,2004,49(18):1970～1979.
[25]肖序常,李廷栋.青藏高原的构造演化与隆升机制[M].广东科技出版社,2000.1～313.X iao X uchang,LI Tingdong.Tectonic Evolution and U plift M echanism of Q inghai-Tibet Plateau[M].G uangzhou:Science and Technology PressofG uangdong,2000(in C hinese).
[26]吴功建,高锐,余钦范,等.青藏高原“亚东-格尔木地学断面”综合地球物理调查与研究[J].地球物理学报,1991,34(5):552～562.W u G ongjian,G ao R ui,Y u Q infan,etal.Integrated investigationsof the Q inghai-Tibetplateau along the Y adong-G olm ud geoscience transect[J].C hinese JournalofG eophysics,1991,34(5):552～562(in C hinese w ith English abstract).
[27]马晓冰,孔祥儒.青藏高原岩石圈热状态及其东西部差异[J].地球物理学进展,2001,16(3):12～20.M a X iaobing,K ong X iangru.The therm alstatus of qinghai-tlbet platean and the differences betw een the w estern and the eastern platean[J].Progress in G eophysics,2001,16(3):12～20(in C hinese w ith English abstract).
[28]邱瑞照,邓晋福,李廷栋,等.岩石圈不连续与大陆成矿作用[J].矿床地质,2004,23(增刊):32～40.Q iu R uizhao,D eng Jinfu,Li Tingdong,et al.Lithospheric discontinuity and continentalm etallogenesis[J].M ineralD eposits,2004,23(Supp.):32～40(in C hinese w ith English abstract).
[29]Burke M M,Fountain D M.Seism ic propertiesofrocks from an exposureofextended continentalcrust-new laboratory m easurem ents form theIvreaZ one[J].Tectonophysics,1990,182:119～l46.
[30]肖庆辉,邱瑞照,邓晋福,等.中国花岗岩与大陆地壳生长方式初步研究[J].中国地质,2005,32(3):336～343.X iao Q inghui,Q iu R uizhao,D eng Jinfu,et al.G ranitoids and continentalcrustalgrow th m odes in C hina[J].G eology in C hina,2005,32(3):336～343(in C hinese w ith English abstract).
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