复杂介质下保真振幅Kirchhoff深度偏移
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摘要
本文详细讨论地下复杂介质地震成像问题.当速度模型含有强横向变化时,射线场会折叠形成多次走时,在这种情况下,文中证明在保真振幅叠前深度偏移时,应当考虑所有的到时才能得到定量的像.通过实例证明,在多次走时情况下,常规的共炮集、共检波器集都存在强的假像;由此提出共角度偏移的概念.最后,在多次走时下,讨论多次偏移算子(走时、相移、振幅等)的高效重构,给出了三维叠前深度偏移的快速算法.
In this paper,we address the complex geological structures imaging problem,when the velocity macro-model is characterized by very strong lateral variations,and the ray fields may triplicate providing multi-arrivals;we demonstrated that all the multi-arrivals have to be taken into account for a quantitative migration.Furthermore,we propose a common image gather strategy in angle domain to handle the strong artifacts appear in conventional common image gathers(offset or shot domain) when multi-arrivals occurs.In the multi-arrival case,we also propose a high efficient migration algorithm for 3-D prestack multi-arrival depth migration based on the fast reconstruction algorithms for the traveltime, phase rotation and amplitude of the migration operator.
In this paper,we address the complex geological structures imaging problem,when the velocity macro-model is characterized by very strong lateral variations,and the ray fields may triplicate providing multi-arrivals;we demonstrated that all the multi-arrivals have to be taken into account for a quantitative migration.Furthermore,we propose a common image gather strategy in angle domain to handle the strong artifacts appear in conventional common image gathers(offset or shot domain) when multi-arrivals occurs.In the multi-arrival case,we also propose a high efficient migration algorithm for 3-D prestack multi-arrival depth migration based on the fast reconstruction algorithms for the traveltime, phase rotation and amplitude of the migration operator.
引文
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[32]Nichols D E,Farmer P,Palacharla G K.Improving prestack imagingby using a new ray selection method.68th Ann.Internat.Mtg.Soc.of Expl.Geophys.,1998.1546~1549
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[37]Verdel A,ten Kroode A P E.Crosswell reflection imaging withextended Kirchhoff migration.59thAnn.Mtg.,Eur.Assn.Geosci.Eng.,Expanded Abstract,1997.E055
[38]Operto S,Xu S,LambaréG.Can we quantitatively image complexstructures with rays?Geophysics,2000,65:1223~1238
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[40]Hill N R.Prestack Gaussian beam depth migration.Geophysics,2001,66:1240~1250
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[51]Stolk C,Symes W.Kinematic artifacts in prestack depth migration.Geophysics,2004,69:562~575
[52]Audebert F,Froidevaux P,Huard I,et al.A multiangle toolbox forrestored amplitude images and AVA gathers.70thAnn.Internat.Mtg.Soc.of Expl.Geophys.,2000.1020~1023
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[54]Sollid A,Ursin B.Scattering-angle migration of ocean_bottom seismicdata in weakly anisotropic media.Geophysics,2003,68:641~655
[55]Rousseau V,Nicoletis L,Svay-Lucas J,et al.3D true amplitudemigration by regularisation in angle domain.62ndMtg.,Eur.Assn.Geosci.Eng.,Session:B0013,2000
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[64]Sava P C,Fomel S.Angle-domain common-image gathers bywavefield continuation methods.Geophysics,2003,68:1065~1074.
[65]Wang Y,Wu R,Cook R.3D local cosine beamlet propagator.73rdAnn.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.of Expl.Geophys.,2003.981~984
[66]Soubaras R.Angle gathers for shot-record migration by local harmonicdecomposition.73rdAnn.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.of Expl.Geophys.,2003.889~892
[67]Zhang Y,Zhang G,Bleistein N.True amplitude wave equationmigration arising from true amplitude one way equations.InversionProblems,2003,19:1113~1138
[68]Zhang Y,Xu S,Zhang G,et al.How to obtain true amplitudecommon-angle gathers from oneway wave equation migration?74thAnn.Internat.Mtg.Soc.of Expl.Geophys.2004
[69]Sun Y,Qin F,Checkles S,et al.3-D prestack Kirchhoff beammigration for depth imaging.Geophysics,2000,65:1592~1603
[70]Xu S,LambaréG.Fast migration/inversion with multi-arrival rayfields.Part I:method and application to 2D Marmousi.Geophysics,2004,69(5):1311~1319
[71]Xu S,LambaréG,Calandra H.Fast migration/inversion with multi-arrival ray fields.Part II:application to the SEG/EAGE Salt model.Geophysics,2004,69(5):1320~1328
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[3]Spitz S.Seismic trace interpolation in theF-Xdomain.Geophysics,1991,56:2727~2741
[4]Bleistein N,Jaramillo H.A platform for Kirchhoff data mapping inscalar models of data acquisition.Geophysical Prospecting,2000,48:135~162
[5]Stolt R H.Seismic data mapping and reconstruction.Geophysics,2002,67:890~908
[6]Zwartjes P,Hindriks C O H.Sparse inversion in reconstruction ofirregularly sampled 3D data.Delphi Acq.And Prep.Volume V.chapter 5,2001.95~107
[7]Xu S,Zhang Y,Pham D,LambaréG.Anti-leakage Fouriertransform for seismic data regularization.Geophysics,2004,70(4):v87~v95
[8]Liu Z,Bleistein N.Migration velocity analysis:Theory and aniterative algorithm.Geophysics,1995,60:142~153
[9]Billette F,LambaréG.Velocity macro-model setimation from seismicreflection data by stereotomography.Geophys.J.Internat.,1998,135:671~680
[10]Chauris H,Noble M S,Lambare G,Podvin P.Migration velocityanalysis from locally coherent events in 2-D laterally heterogeneousmedia,Part I:Theoretical aspects.Geophysics,2002,67:1202~1212
[11]Chauris H,Noble M S,Lambare G,Podvin P.Migration velocityanalysis from locally coherent events in 2-D laterally heterogeneousmedia,Part II:Applications on synthetic and real data.Geophysics,2002,67:1213~1224
[12]Zhou H,Guo J,Young K.An alternative residual-curvature velocityupdating method for prestack depth migration.71stAnn.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.of Expl.Geophys.,2001.877~880
[13]Zhou H,Zhang G,Zhang Y,Gray S.Regularization algorithms forseismic inverse problem.72nd Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.of Expl.Geophys.,2002.942~945
[14]Zhou H,Gray S,Young J,et al.Tomographic residual curvatureanalysis:The process and its components.73rd Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,2003.666~669
[15]Claerbout J F.Toward a unified theory of reflector mapping.Geophysics,1971,36:467~481
[16]Podvin P,Lecomte I.Finite difference computation of traveltimes invery contrasted velocity model:A massively parallel approach and itsassociated tools.Geophys.J.Internat.,1991,105:271~284
[17]Vinje V,Iversen E,Gjφystdal H.Traveltime and amplitudeestimation using wavefront construction.54th Mtg.Eur.Assn.ofExpl.Geophys.,1992.504~505
[18]Vinje V,Iversen E,Gjφystdal H.Traveltime and amplitudeestimation using wavefront construction.Geophysics,1993,58:1157~1166
[19]LambaréG,Lucio P S,Hanyga A.Two_dimensional multi-valuedtraveltime and amplitude maps by uniform sampling of ray field.Geophys.J.Internat.,1996,125:584~498
[20]Vinje V,Iversen E,AsteblφK,et al.Estimation of multivaluedarrivals in 3D model using wavefront construction-Part I.Geophys.Prosp.,1996,44:819~842
[21]Vinje V,Iversen E,AsteblφK,et al.Estimation of multivaluedarrivals in 3D model using wavefront construction-Part II:Tracing andinterpolation.Geophys.Prosp.,1996,44:843~858
[22]Lucio P S,LambaréG,Hanyga A.3-D multivaluated travel time andamplitude maps.Pageoph,1996,147(2):449~479
[23]Bourgeois A,Bourget M,Lailly P,et al.Marmousi,model anddata.In:Versteeg R,Grau G eds.The Marmousi Experience.Eur.Assn.Expl.Geophys.,1991.5~16
[24]LambaréG,Virieux J,Madariaga R,Jin S.Iterative asymptoticinversion of seismic profiles in the acoustic approximation.Geophysics,1992,57:1138~1154
[25]Thierry P,LambaréG,Podvin P,Noble M.3D preserved amplitudeprestack depth migration on a workstation.Geophysics,1999,64:222~229
[26]Tura A,Hanitzsch C,Calandra H.3D AVO migration/inversion offield data.J.Seis.Expl.,1997,6:117~125
[27]Operto S,Podvin P,LambaréG,Thierry P.3D preserved amplitudeprestack imaging of the overthrust model.59thAnn.Mtg.Eur.Assn.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstract,1997.A043
[28]Thierry P,Operto S,LambaréG.Fast 2D ray-Born inversion/migration in complex media.Geophysics,1999,64:222~229
[29]Geoltrain J,Brac S.Can we image complex structures with firstarrival traveltime?Geophysics,1993,58:564~575
[30]Ettrich N,Gajewski D.Wavefront construction in smooth media forprestack depth migration.Pageoph,1996,148:481~502
[31]Audebert F,Nichols D,Rekdal T,et al.Imaging complex geologicstructure with single arrival Kirchhoff migration.Geophysics,1997,62:1533~1543.
[32]Nichols D E,Farmer P,Palacharla G K.Improving prestack imagingby using a new ray selection method.68th Ann.Internat.Mtg.Soc.of Expl.Geophys.,1998.1546~1549
[33]Bevc D.Imaging under rugged topography and complex velocitystructures[Ph.D.thesis].Stanford University,1995
[34]Beylkin G.Imaging of discontinuities in the inverse scatteringproblem by inversion of a causal generalized Radon transform.J.Math.Phys.,1985,26:99~108
[35]Rakesh.A linearized inverse problem for the wave equation:Commum.In Partial Differential Equations,1988,13:573~601
[36]ten Kroode A P E,Smit D J,Verdel A R.A microlocal analysis ofmigration.Wave Motion,1998,28:149~172
[37]Verdel A,ten Kroode A P E.Crosswell reflection imaging withextended Kirchhoff migration.59thAnn.Mtg.,Eur.Assn.Geosci.Eng.,Expanded Abstract,1997.E055
[38]Operto S,Xu S,LambaréG.Can we quantitatively image complexstructures with rays?Geophysics,2000,65:1223~1238
[39]Jin S,Wu R S,Peng C.Prestack depth migration using a hybridpseudo-screen propagator.68thAnn.Internat.Mtg.Soc.of Expl.Geophys.,1819~1822
[40]Hill N R.Prestack Gaussian beam depth migration.Geophysics,2001,66:1240~1250
[41]Jin S,Madariaga R.Background velocity inversion with a geneticalgorithm.Geophys.Res.Lett.,1993,20:93~96
[42]Jin S,Madariaga R.Nonlinear velocity inversion by a two-step MonteCarlo.Geophysics,1994,59:577~590
[43]Symes W W.A differential semblance criterion for inversion of multi-offset seismic reflectiondata.J.Geophys.Res.,1993,98:2061~2073
[44]Beydoun W B,Mendes M.Elastic ray-Born migration/inversion.Geophys.J.,1989,97:151~160
[45]Ehinger A,Lailly P,Marfurt K.Green’s function implementation ofcommon-offset wave-equation migration.Geophysics,1996,61:1813~1821
[46]Duquet B,Ehinger A,Lailly P.A new imaging technique for reliablemigration velocity analysis.64thAnn.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,1994.1187~1190
[47]Nolan C,Symes W.Imaging in complex velocities with generalacquisition geometry.In:Annual Report:TRIP,The Rice InversionProject,Rice University,1996,
[48]Xu S,Chauris H,LambaréG,et al.Common angle migration:astrategy for imaging complex media.Geophysics,2001,66:1877~1894
[49]de BruinC G M,Wapenaar C P A,Berkhout A J.Angle-dependentreflectivity by means of prestack migration.Geophysics,1990,55:1223~1234
[50]de Hoop,Burridge M,Spencer C R,et al.GRT/AVA migration/inversion in anisotropic media.SPIE-The internat.Soc.For OpticalEngineering,1994,23:15~27
[51]Stolk C,Symes W.Kinematic artifacts in prestack depth migration.Geophysics,2004,69:562~575
[52]Audebert F,Froidevaux P,Huard I,et al.A multiangle toolbox forrestored amplitude images and AVA gathers.70thAnn.Internat.Mtg.Soc.of Expl.Geophys.,2000.1020~1023
[53]Audebert F,Froidevaux P,Rakotoarisoa H,et al.Insights intomigration in the angle domain.72ndAnn.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.ofExpl.Geophys.,2002.1188~1191
[54]Sollid A,Ursin B.Scattering-angle migration of ocean_bottom seismicdata in weakly anisotropic media.Geophysics,2003,68:641~655
[55]Rousseau V,Nicoletis L,Svay-Lucas J,et al.3D true amplitudemigration by regularisation in angle domain.62ndMtg.,Eur.Assn.Geosci.Eng.,Session:B0013,2000
[56]Rousseau V,Nicoletis L,Rakotoarisoa H.Antialiased 3D trueamplitude common diffraction angle migration by regularization in thedip domain.63rdMtg.,Eur.Assn.Geosci.Eng.,Session:P080,2001
[57]Audebert F,Nicoletis L,Froidevaux P,et al.True-amplitudemigration in the angle domain by regularization of illumination.73rdAnn.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.of Expl.Geophys.,2003.921~924
[58]Xie X B,Chen L,Wu R-S.Directional illumination and acquisitiondip-response.65thMtg.Eur.Assn.Geosci.Eng.,2003.147
[59]Baina R,Thierry P,Calandra H.3-D preserved-amplitude prestackdepth migration and amplitude versus angle relevance.The LeadingEdge,2002,21:1237~1241
[60]Beele M,Baina R,Duquet B,et al.Quantitative common angledepth migration:A tool for AVA analysis in complex media.73rdAnn.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.of Expl.Geophys.,2003.1134~1137
[61]Brandsberg-Dahl S,Ursin B,de Hoop M V.Angle tomography.64thMtg.,EAGE,2002.B022
[62]Brandsberg-Dahl S,Ursin B,De Hoop M V.Seismic velocity analyisin the scattering angle/azimuth domain.Geophys.Prosp.,2003,51:295~314
[63]Prucha M,Biondi B,Symes W.Angle-domain common imagegathers by wave-equation migration.69thAnn.Internat.Mtg.Soc.of Expl.Geophys.,1999.824~827
[64]Sava P C,Fomel S.Angle-domain common-image gathers bywavefield continuation methods.Geophysics,2003,68:1065~1074.
[65]Wang Y,Wu R,Cook R.3D local cosine beamlet propagator.73rdAnn.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.of Expl.Geophys.,2003.981~984
[66]Soubaras R.Angle gathers for shot-record migration by local harmonicdecomposition.73rdAnn.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.of Expl.Geophys.,2003.889~892
[67]Zhang Y,Zhang G,Bleistein N.True amplitude wave equationmigration arising from true amplitude one way equations.InversionProblems,2003,19:1113~1138
[68]Zhang Y,Xu S,Zhang G,et al.How to obtain true amplitudecommon-angle gathers from oneway wave equation migration?74thAnn.Internat.Mtg.Soc.of Expl.Geophys.2004
[69]Sun Y,Qin F,Checkles S,et al.3-D prestack Kirchhoff beammigration for depth imaging.Geophysics,2000,65:1592~1603
[70]Xu S,LambaréG.Fast migration/inversion with multi-arrival rayfields.Part I:method and application to 2D Marmousi.Geophysics,2004,69(5):1311~1319
[71]Xu S,LambaréG,Calandra H.Fast migration/inversion with multi-arrival ray fields.Part II:application to the SEG/EAGE Salt model.Geophysics,2004,69(5):1320~1328
[72]Aminzadeh F,Brac J,Kunz T.3D Salt and overthrust models.Society of Exploration Geophysicists,1997
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